Crimes against Homosexual and Lesbian

Reported by:
Beverly C Nanglegan
Jessica Viena C Sari
Mikaila Ma. A Santiago

INTRODUCTION

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people can face violence motivated by hateful
attitudes towards their sexuality or gender identity. Violence may be executed by the state, as
in laws prescribing corporal punishment for homosexual acts (see homosexuality laws), or by
individuals engaging in intimidation, mobbing, assault, or lynching (see gay bashing, trans
bashing). Violence targeted at people because of their perceived sexuality can be psychological
or physical and can extend to murder. These actions may be motivated by homophobia,
lesbophobia, biphobia, transphobia, and may be influenced by cultural, religious, or political
mores and biases.

Currently, homosexual acts are legal in almost all Western countries, and in many of these
countries violence against LGBT people is classified as a hate crime, with such violence being
often connected with conservative or religious leaning ideologies which condemn
homosexuality, or being perpetrated by individuals who associate homosexuality to being
weak, ill, feminine, or immoral. Outside the West, many countries, particularly those where the
dominant religion is Islam, but also many countries in the Commonwealth (e.g. Uganda, Nigeria,
Malaysia and Jamaica), most African (excluding South Africa) and some Asian countries
(excluding Japan and Taiwan), and some former-Communist countries in Eastern Europe and
Central Asia, such as Russia and Serbia, are currently very dangerous for LGBT people because
of discrimination against homosexuals which influences both discriminatory legislation and
physical violence.

In Europe, the European Union's Employment Equality Framework Directive and Charter of
Fundamental Rights offer some protection against sexuality-based discrimination.

Historically, state-sanctioned persecution of homosexuals was mostly limited to male

homosexuality, termed "sodomy". During the medieval and early modern period, the penalty
for sodomy was usually death. During the modern period (from the 19th century to the mid-
20th century) in the Western world, the penalty was usually a fine or imprisonment.

As of 2009, there remain under 80 countries worldwide where homosexual acts remain illegal
(notably throughout the Middle East, Central Asia and in most of Africa, but also in some of the
Caribbean and Oceania) including five that carry the death penalty.

Homosexual- Sexually attracted to people of the same sex. Based on showing a sexual
attraction to people of the same sex. Homosexuality (from Ancient Greek , meaning
"same", and Latin sexus, meaning "sex") is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual
behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality
is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" primarily or
exclusively to people of the same sex. It "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on
those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share
those attractions.

Along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, homosexuality is one of the three main categories
of sexual orientation within the heterosexualhomosexual continuum. There is no consensus
among scientists about why a person develops a particular sexual orientation. Many scientists
think that nature and nurture a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental
influences factor into the cause of sexual orientation. They favor biologically-based theories,
which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic
and social factors. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood
experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation; when it comes to same-sex sexual
behavior, shared or familial environment plays no role for men and minor role for women.
While some people hold the view that homosexual activity is unnatural, scientific research has
shown that homosexuality is an example of a normal and natural variation in human sexuality
and is not in and of itself a source of negative psychological effects. Most people experience
little or no sense of choice about their sexual orientation, and there is insufficient evidence to
support the use of psychological interventions to change sexual orientation.

The most common terms for homosexual people are lesbian for females and gay for males,
though gay is also used to refer generally to both homosexual males and females. The number
of people who identify as gay or lesbian and the proportion of people who have same-sex
sexual experiences are difficult for researchers to estimate reliably for a variety of reasons,
including many gay or lesbian people not openly identifying as such due to homophobia and
heterosexist discrimination. Homosexual behavior has also been documented and is observed
in many non-human animal species.

Many gay and lesbian people are in committed same-sex relationships, though only recently
have census forms and political conditions facilitated their visibility and enumeration. These
relationships are equivalent to heterosexual relationships in essential psychological respects.
Homosexual relationships and acts have been admired, as well as condemned, throughout
recorded history, depending on the form they took and the culture in which they occurred.
Since the end of the 19th century, there has been a global movement towards increased
visibility, recognition, and legal rights for homosexual people, including the rights to marriage
and civil unions, adoption and parenting, employment, military service, equal access to health
care, and the introduction of anti-bullying legislation to protect gay minors.

LAWS PROTECTING HOMOSEXUALS:

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8353 CHAPTER THREE RAPE

"ARTICLE 266-A. RAPE: WHEN AND HOW COMMITTED. - RAPE IS COMMITTED:

2) BY ANY PERSON WHO, UNDER ANY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES MENTIONED IN

PARAGRAPH 1 HEREOF, SHALL COMMIT AN ACT OF SEXUAL ASSAULT BY INSERTING HIS
PENIS INTO ANOTHER PERSON'S MOUTH OR ANAL ORIFICE, OR ANY INSTRUMENT OR
OBJECT, INTO THE GENITAL OR ANAL ORIFICE OF ANOTHER PERSON.

Aquino believes the killing of transgender jeffrey laude in olongapo city is not an
isolated case because the number of hate crimes against lgbt in the country have risen
in the past years.

He is pushing for heavier penalties for hate crimes against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transgender (lgbt) community after the brutal killing of a filipino transgender in
olongapo city recently.

Senate Bill no. 2122 or the Anti-Discrimination Act of 2014, which seeks to combat
discrimination of any form.
 In the united states, the first hate crime laws were passed after the american civil war,
beginning with the civil rights act of 1871, to combat the growing number of racially
motivated crimes.

In 1978, California passed the first state hate-crime statute in connection with four
'protected status' categories: race, religion, color, and national origin.
In 2009, President Barack Obama signed the matthew shepard and james byrd, jr. Hate
crimes prevention act, which expands the existing united states federal hate crime law
to gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability.

Other countries also enacted hate-crime laws, including Canada, France, Germany,
Greece, Spain and the United Kingdom.

CASES COMMITTED TO HOMOSEXUAL IN PHILIPPINES:

JENNIFER LAUDE CASE:

The death of jennifer laude occurred on october 11, 2014 in olongapo,

philippines, when the 26-year-old filipina trans woman was allegedly killed by private
first class joseph scott pemberton, who was apparently unaware that laude was
transgender. The case has spawned protests in the philippines by transgender rights.

Laude met pemberton, a 19-year-old united states marine from outside of

boston, massachusetts, at the ambyanz disco bar in olongapo on the evening of october
11, 2014.

According to police and witnesses, they subsequently went to celzone lodge, a

nearby motel. Thirty minutes after checking in, pemberton left the motel, leaving the
door to the room ajar.

Staff found laude's naked body, partially covered from the waist down, with her
head leaning on the rim of the toilet bowl.

Two used condoms recovered from the bathroom were subjected to dna testing
to determine if the semen it contained matched that of pemberton.
 The results later turned out to be negative. The dna within the condoms did not
match that of laude's either.

The cause of death was reported as "asphyxiation by drowning".

JOY ANONUEVO CASE:

The 55-year old trans woman was brutally killed after allegedly robbed inside he
business establishment in tayabas, quezon last october 12, 2014.

Anonuevos body bore atleast 33 stab wounds.

Police stated that they are looking at the robbery as the main motive of the crime since
the victims jewelries and earnings which she kept inside her restaurant-bar were found to
be missing.

Friends of the victim feared that the killing of anonuevo is another incident of anti-lgbt
motivated or hate crime.

RANDY GENER CASE:

A filipino-american editor, writer and artist, was attacked and left suffering from a massive
head injury on seventh ave.

As he returned home from a party at about 3 a.m. On jan. 17,2014.

Cops were searching for the 45-year-old's assailants that was said there's an indicatation
that the attack was a hate crime, because he gener is an openly gay media.

Winton lou ynion, a gay doctoral student at the university of the philippines at the time,
was found dead with a knife was firmly planted in his skull on aug.16, 2009.

The 28-year-old was stabbed 40 times in the head, neck and chest by an unknown assailant
in his condominium in quezon city.
 Five months earlier, the body of vincent jan rubio, a 28-year-old gay film professor at la salle
college antipolo, was found lying on a lawn wearing only a polo shirt and underwear.

Local media reports say that rubio might have been killed by two men who might have been
pick-ups.

RICKY RIVERO CASE:

Actor-turned-director ricky rivero, 39, made the headlines in june 2011 for driving
himself to the hospital after being stabbed 17 times with a steak knife in the chest area in
his home by a 22-year-old man he had known for five months through facebook.

Rivero said they had a sexual relationship in a tv interview two weeks after the attack.

A database of killed lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered filipinos that

was released on jun 17, 2015 the killers preferred to stab their lgbt victims to
death.

Thirty-eight of the 103 victims died from multiple stab wounds while 20 were
shot. Six were tortured before they were killed.

Others were raped, or killed with a blunt object, or suffocated, or

dismembered, or burned alive.

The study also showed that lgbts who belonged to the 25 to 44 age group
were most vulnerable, with 46 of 103 victims in this age range; and with most
crimes happening in the greater manila area.