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AMM-2010-024
Sound package materials are wieldy used for noise When a sound wave strikes an acoustical material
control treatments in Transport industry. These sound the sound wave causes the fibers or particles of the
package materials consists of poroelastic foams/fibers, absorbing material to vibrate. This vibration causes tiny
films, foils etc. The poroelastic materials are formed amounts of heat due to the friction and thus sound
from a continuous solid elastic material with open absorption is accomplished by way of energy to heat
spaces or pores [1]. The pores are saturated with a conversion. The more fibrous a material is the better
fluid. The most well known examples are probably the absorption; conversely denser materials are less
sound absorbing foams or fibers. Sound absorbing absorptive. The sound absorbing characteristics of
foams are very soft materials that are characterized with acoustical materials vary significantly with frequency.
a very high porosity. Viscous and thermal interactions In general low frequency sounds are very difficult to
between fluid and frame occur due to the acoustic absorb because of their long wavelength [2]. On the
wave propagation through the porous material. These other hand, we are less susceptible to low frequency
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International Conference : Automotive Materials & Manufacturing - 2010
depicted in Table- 1. These physical intrinsic parameters carried out with variation in flow resistivity values from
play a vital role in sound absorption and transmission 1000- 150000 Ns/m4. The result of this simulation is
loss phenomenon. In this study, the model used for depicted in figure 9. Form this result, it is clear that
simulation is rigid frame model by Johnson- Champoux- sound absorption coefficient increases with increase
Allard [7]. Out of these five parameters, flow resistivity in flow resistivity of sound package material. The
is most important parameter which governs sound specific flow resistance of any layer of porous material
absorption and transmission loss of sound package is defined as the ratio of the air pressure differential
materials. measured between the two sides of the layer to the
steady state air velocity. The flow resistivity is then
the specific flow resistance per unit material thickness
with unit Ns/m4. The flow resistivities of useful noise
control materials vary widely, but typically fall in the
range 103 - 107 Ns/m4.
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International Conference : Automotive Materials & Manufacturing - 2010
The flow resistivity depends on the porosity of a The physical and mechanical parameters used for steel
material as well as its tortuosity, but for high porosity, plate simulation are given in Table 2. The steel plate
low tortuosity fibrous materials, the flow resistivity is was modeled in LMS Sysnoise. The comparison of
approximately inversely proportional to fiber radius simulated result with experimental results is depicted
squared at a constant bulk density i.e., a large in Figure 11.
number of small fiber diameters results in a higher
flow resistance than does a small number of fiber with Similarly sound transmission loss of PU Foam with
large diameter. At microscopic level, the flow resistance steel plate is simulated using physical parameters
results from the formation of a viscous boundary of PU foam and steel plate. The result is compared
layer as fluid flows over each fiber, and the amount with experimental values. The correlation is given in
of shearing in that boundary layer increases as the Figure 12.
fiber radius decreases. Similarly effect of porosity and
tortuosity can be simulated.
Figure 10 : Comparison of Sound Transmission loss Figure 12 : Comparison experimental and simulated
with predicted Sound Absorption for PU Sound Transmission loss of PU Foam
Foam at Normal Incidence with Steel Plate at Random Incidence
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REFERENCES
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International Conference : Automotive Materials & Manufacturing - 2010
2. J. F. Allard, Y. Champoux, 1992, New empirical 6. Michael R. Stinson and Gilles A. Daigle, Electronic
equations for sound propagation in rigid frame system for the measurement of flow resistance, J.
fibrous materials, J. of Acoust. Soc. of Am., 91(6), of Acoust. Soc. of Am., 83, 2422-2428, 1988.
3346-3353.
7. Y. Champoux, Michael R. Stinson and Gilles A.
3. Scot R.A., The absorption of sound in a Daigle, Acoustical models for sound propagation in
homogeneous porous medium, Proceedings of rigid frame porous materials and influence of shape
Physical Society, 58, 165-183, 1946. factors, J. of Acoust. Soc. of Am., 92, 1120-1131,
1992.
4. Y. Champoux, M.R. Stinson, G.A. Daigle, 1991,
Air-based system for the measurement of porosity,
J. of Acoust. Soc. of Am., 89, pp. 910-916.
5. R.L.Bolt & R.Brown, The measurement of flow
resistance of porous acoustic materials, J. of
Acoust. Soc. of Am., Vol.-13, 4, 337-342, 1942.
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