361650441.

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TECHNICAL CALCULATION OF SEGMENTAL PC I BEAM FOR BRIDGE

SPAN (ctc) L= 30.00 M

I. DATA

0.4 L= 30.00 M 0.4

Beam length = 30.80 m ( edge anchor to edge anchor : 30.50 m)

Beam spacing (s) = 185.00 cm
Concrete Slab thickness = 27.00 (not include RC Flat)
Asphalt thickness = 5.00 cm A
RC Flat thickness = 7.00 cm
tfl-1
tfl-2
Cross Section
tweb
H = 170 cm tfl-1 = 20 cm H
A = 80 cm tfl-2 = 12 cm tfl-3
B = 70 cm tfl-3 = 25 cm tfl-4
tweb = 20 cm tfl-4 = 25 cm
B

II. MATERIAL

2.1 Concrete
Beam Slab

Compressive strength 500 300 [kg/cm2]

at service * fc'=(0.76+0.2*log(sbk/150))*sbk = 432.3 246.1 [kg/cm2]
at initial ( 80% ), fc'i = 345.8 196.8 [kg/cm2]
Allowable stress at initial (AASHTO 1992, Chapt. 9.15.2.1-Design)
Compressive 0.55 * fc'i = 190.2 108.3 [kg/cm2]
Tensile 0.80 * Sqrt(fc'i) = 14.9 11.2 [kg/cm2]
Allowable stress at service . (AASHTO 1992, Chapt. 9.15.2.2-Design)
Compressive 0.40 * fc' = 172.9 98.4 [kg/cm2]
Tensile 1.59 * Sqrt(fc') = 33.1 24.9 [kg/cm2]
Modulus of elasticity Ec = 313952.2 236864.0 [kg/cm2]
Eci = 280807.3 [kg/cm2]
Modulus rupture fr = 41.2 31.1 [kg/cm2]
Note :
* Pedoman Beton 1988, Chapter 3

2.2 Prestressing Cable

[Uncoated stress relieve seven wires strand]
( ASTM A 416 Grade 270 Low Relaxation or JIS G 3536 )
- Diameter strand dia : 12.7 [mm]
- Eff. Section area Ast : 0.9871 [cm2]
- Modulus of elasticity Es : 1.96E+06 [kg/cm2]
- Ultimate tensile strength fu : 19000 [kg/cm2]

2.3 Steel Reinforcement

- Diameter dia : 13 [mm]
- Eff. Section area Ast : 1.267 [cm2]
- Modulus of elasticity Es : 2.10E+06 [kg/cm2]
- Yield stress fy : 3900 [kg/cm2]

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III. SECTION ANALYSIS

Remark : 3
6
Ep 1 = 313952 kg/cm 2
[Girder] 5 2

Ep 2 = 236864 kg/cm2 [Slab] 4 Ya'

Ya

3 1
n = Ep 1 / Ep 2
n= 1.33
2
Yb Yb'

Base Line 1

PRECAST BEAM COMPOSITE BEAM

3.1 Precast Beam

[in cm]
Section Width Area Level Yb Area*Yb Io Area*d2 Ix
Zone
Height Bottom Upper cm2 cm cm cm3 cm4 cm4 cm4
6 0.0 60.0 60.0 0.00 170.0 170.0 0 0 0 0
5 20.0 80.0 80.0 1600.00 150.0 160.0 256000 53333 9388837 9442171
4 12.0 20.0 80.0 600.00 138.0 145.2 87120 6336 2291768 2298104
3 88.0 20.0 20.0 1760.00 50.0 94.0 165440 1135787 197866 1333653
2 25.0 70.0 20.0 1125.00 25.0 35.2 39583 52566 2614924 2667489
1 25.0 70.0 70.0 1750.00 0.0 12.5 21875 91146 8796167 8887313
Total 170.0 6835.00 83.4 570018 1339167 23289563 24628730

3.2 Composite Beam

[in cm]
Zone Height Width Area Level Yb Area*Yb Io Area*d2 Ix
Section Bottom Upper cm2 cm cm cm3 cm4 cm4 cm4
2 20.0 185.0 185.0 2791.50 170.0 180.0 502470 93050 12159002 12252052
7.0 90.0 90.0 475.31 163.0 166.5 79139 1941 1309967 1311908
1 170.0 70.0 80.0 6835.00 0.0 83.4 570018 24628730 6402152 31030882
Total 190.0 10101.81 114.0 1151627 24723721 19871121 44594842

3.3 Resume
[in cm]
Description Area (cm2) Ya (cm) Yb (cm) Ix (cm4) Wa (cm3) Wb (cm3)
Precast Beam 6835.00 86.6 83.4 24628730 284386 295319
Composite Beam [composite] 10101.81 76.0 114.0 44594842 586790 391176
[precast] 49.0 910137

IV. LOADING
4.1 Dead Load
Design Carracteristics. Bridge Management System ( BMS ), Vol.1 Chapter 2.3.1
1. Specific Gravity of Precast Beam = 2.5 ton/m 3 ( gPB )
2. Specific Gravity of Slab = 2.4 ton/m 3
( gS )
3. Specific Gravity of Asphalt = 2.2 t/m 3
( gasp )
4. Specific gravity of Diaphragm = 2.4 ton/m3 ( gdiaph )

a. Precast Beam q1 = Area x g PB

q1 = 0.6835 x 2.5 = 1.7088 [t/m']
b. Slab + Plate q2 = slab x s x g s
H
q2 = 0.2700 x 1.85 x 2.4 = 1.1988 [t/m']
c. Asphalt q3 = tasp x s x g asp

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q3 = 0.05 x 1.85 x 2.2 = 0.2035 [t/m']

d. Diaphragm p = Volume of diaph. x g diaph
p = 1.65 x 1.25 x 0.15 x 2.4 = 0.7425 [ton]
no. diaph. 5 pcs q4 (q ek = p*n/span) = 0.1238 [t/m']
4.2 Live Load
Taken from "Bridge Management System (BMS)" Vol.1, Chapter 2.3.2-Traffic Loads

D load
a. Dynamic Load Allowance [DLA] DLA = 1 + 0,4 = 1.40 Span <= 50 m
DLA = 1 + (0.0025*span+0.175) 50 < Span < 90 m
DLA = 1 + 0,3 = 1.30 Span >= 90 m
b. Knife Edge Load (KEL) = 4.40 ton/m'
c. Distribution Factor (DF) = 1.00
d. Distribution Load
q = 0.80 t/m2 which : q = 0,8 t/m' for Span <= 30 m
q = 0,8 x (0,5 + 15/span) t/m' Span > 30 m
e. Live load
- Distribution load, q' = DF x q x s
= 1.00 x 0.80 x 1.85 = 1.48 ton/m'
- Line load, p' = DF x DLA x KEL x s
1.00 x 1.40 x 4.40 x 1.85 = 11.40 ton

V. MOMENT ANALYSIS
[in ton-meter]
Mid Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 5-5 Sec 6-6
Type Description
span 0.00 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 15.00 (m)
DL Precast beam 192.23 0.00 123.03 184.55 184.55 123.03 192.23
Subtotal 192.23 0.00 123.03 184.55 184.55 123.03 192.23
Slab 134.87 0.00 86.31 129.47 129.47 86.31 134.87
ADL Asphalt 22.89 0.00 14.65 21.98 21.98 14.65 22.89
Diaphragm 13.92 0.00 8.91 13.37 13.37 8.91 13.92
Subtotal 171.68 0.00 109.88 164.81 164.81 109.88 171.68
LL Distribution load 166.50 0.00 106.56 159.84 159.84 106.56 166.50
Line load 85.47 0.00 54.70 82.05 82.05 54.70 85.47
Subtotal 251.97 0.00 161.26 241.89 241.89 161.26 251.97
Total (DL + LL) 615.89 0.00 394.17 591.25 591.25 394.17 615.89
Ultimate total 972.44 0.00 622.36 933.54 933.54 622.36 972.44
Ultimate total = 1,2*Beam+1,3*Slab+2*Asphalt+1,2*Diaphragm+2*LL
( Bridge Management System, Vol.1-Page 2-6 )
Note : DL = Dead Load
ADL = Additional Dead Load
LL = Live Load

VI. SHEAR ANALYSIS

[in ton]
Mid Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 5-5 Sec 6-6
Type Description
span 0.00 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 15.00 (m)
DL Precast beam 0.00 25.63 15.38 5.13 -5.13 -15.38 0.00
Subtotal 0.00 25.63 15.38 5.13 -5.13 -15.38 0.00
Slab 0.00 17.98 10.79 3.60 -3.60 -10.79 0.00
ADL Asphalt 0.00 3.05 1.83 0.61 -0.61 -1.83 0.00
Diaphragm 0.00 1.86 1.11 0.37 -0.37 -1.11 0.00
Subtotal 0.00 22.89 13.73 4.58 -4.58 -13.73 0.00
Distribution load 0.00 22.20 13.32 4.44 -4.44 -13.32 0.00
LL
Line load 5.70 11.40 9.12 6.84 -6.84 -9.12 -5.70
Subtotal 5.70 33.60 22.44 11.28 -11.28 -22.44 -5.70
Total (DL + LL) 5.70 82.12 51.55 20.98 -20.98 -51.55 -5.70

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Ultimate total 11.40 129.66 82.35 35.05 -35.05 -82.35 -11.40

Ultimate total = 1,2*Beam + 1,3*Slab + 2*Asphalt + 1,2*Diaphragm + 2*LL
( Bridge Management System, Vol.1-Page 2-6 )

VII. PRESTRESSING CABLE

7.1 Cable Profile
[in: cm]
ten- Nos Profile Asp fu % Jacking Force
don strand Edge Middle cm2 kg/cm2 (kg)
0 0 0.00 0.00 0.987 19000 75% 0.00
0 0 145.00 30.00 0.987 19000 75% 0.00
0 0 115.00 20.00 0.987 19000 75% 0.00
1 18 115.00 10.00 0.987 19000 75% 253191.15
2 12 55.00 10.00 0.987 19000 75% 168794.10
3 12 25.00 10.00 0.987 19000 75% 168794.10
total 42 72.14 10.00 75% 590779.35
Parabolic curve :
Y = AX2 + BX + C
Y = Average of Strand's position vertically from the bottom of beam ( Value for Y axis )
A = Constanta : ( (Ymiddle + Yedge)/(L/2) )
2

B = Constanta : ( L x A )
C = Average of strand's position when the parabolic curve reach the Y axis
A= 0.002672 Y = 0.002672 X2 + -0.0814988 X + 0.721429
B = -0.081499 tg = o
0.005344 X + -0.0814988
Eccentricity [e] Yb - Ys = 73.40 cm
Note : Jacking Force = Nos x Asp x Fu x (Tension Persentation)
Nos = Number of Strand
Yb = Distance of Neutral Axis from the bottom of non composite beam ( Chapter 3.3 - Resume )
Ys = Distance of tendon from the bottom of the beam at the middle span ( Chapter 7.1, Cable Profile-middle)

7.2 Initial Jacking Force

Check for two condition
at initial for mid span
Top stress s top = Pi/Ac - Pi.e/Wa + Mbs/Wa >= -14.88 kg/cm2 ( -14.88 )
Pi <= 737.80 ton [1]
Bottom Stress s bot = Pi/Ac + Pi.e/Wb - Mbs/Wb <= 190.21 kg/cm2
Pi <= 646.59 ton [2]
Result : Pi <= 646.59 ton [3]
at service for mid span
Top Stress, s top = Pe/Acp - (Pe.e-Mbp)/Wap + Mbh/Wac <= 172.92 kg/cm2
Pe >= -55.09 ton [4]
Bottom Stress, s bot = Pe/Acp + (Pe.e-Mbp)/Wbp - Mbh/Wbc >= -33.06 kg/cm 2
( -33.06 )
Pe <= 386.70 ton [5]
Result : Pe >= 386.70 ton [6]
Assumption :
Loss of Prestress assumption long term 19.499% (must be = 19.499% )
From eq. [3] and eq. [6], gradually stressing is not needed
used prestressing cable 12.7"
Pi = = 590779 kg
Pe = 80.5% 590779.35 = 475582 kg
Note : Pi = Initial Prestress Force
Wa = Modulus Section for Top section of Precast Beam
Mbs = Moment due to Self Weight

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e = eccentricity
Wb = Modulus Section for Bottom section of Precast Beam
Pe = Effective Prestress force
Wac = Modulus Section for Top section of composite Beam
Mbp = Moment due to concrete Weight (Precast Beam + Slab + Diapraghm)(Chapt. V-Moment Analysis)
Wbc = Modulus Section for Bottom section of composite Beam
Wap = Modulus Section for Top section of Precast Beam
Wbp = Modulus Section for Bottom section of Precast Beam
Mbp = Moment due to additional Load ( Asphalt + Live Load ) (Chapter 5-Moment Analysis)
7.3 Losses of Prestress
1. Losses of Prestress (Short Term)
a. Friction
Friction cable and duck caused tensile at initial is not same tensile in ending section,
which the deferential of tensile can be calculated as follow :
-( m *a + k *x)
where : Px = Po * e . ( AASHTO 1992, Chapt. 9.16.1 )
Px = Prestress force at section distance x from tensile point.
Po = Jacking force ( tensile force at anchor, initial)
m = friction coefficient = 0.20 (for grouting tendon in metal sheating, 7 wire strand)
a = Change of cable angle from tensile point to x section
= 2 * arctg ( 0.00534 x + -0.08150 ) = 0.166 rad
k = Wobble coefficient = 0.003 (for grouting tendon in metal sheating, 7 wire strand)
x = Distance from tensile point to x section = 30.80 m
If tensile of strand is taken 75% from Ultimate Tensile Stress,
Po (Jacking Force) = 75% x 0.9871 x 19000 = 14066.18 kg
and value of tensile strand at end beam as follow :
Px = 12406.35 kg

b. Anchor slip
Slip is occur after anchoring of pc strand is being held/restraint in the end of beam. Because of this friction,
losses can not evenly distributed at the overall length of beam.
It can calculated by formula : x = @sqrt(d*As*Es/m)
where: d = draw-in, assumption = 8 mm
As = eff. Section area = 0.9871 cm2
m = loss of prestress per length
m = (Po-P) / L = 0.54 kg/cm'
So, x= 16.95 m
Tensile force at distance 16.95 m as :
P = Maximum tensile force = 13152.88 kg

c. Elastic Shortening ( ES )
Losses due elastic shortening
ES = (Kes*Es*fcir/Ec)*As ( ACI 318-95, Chapt. 18.6 )
where: Kes = 0.50 (for postensioned)
As = 0.9871 cm2
fcir = concrete stress at centre gravity of prestressing force immediately after transfer
fcir = (fbottom-ftop) * (H-ed)/H + ftop = 143.09 kg/cm2
ES = 440.89 kg

2. Losses of Prestress ( Long Term )

a. Shrinkage ( SH )
SH = 8,2*e-6*Ksh*ES*(1-0,06*V/S)*(100-RH) = 207.93 kg .. (ACI 318-95, Chapt. 18.6)
Ksh = 0.68 (without moist curing)
V/S = 2.06 (ratio area/perimeter) Area = 6835.00 cm2 perimeter= 3312.90 cm
RH = 80.00

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b. Creep ( CR )
CR = Kcr*(Es/Ec)*(fcir-fcds) ( ACI 318-95, Chapt.18.6 )
Where :
Kcr = 1.60 (for postensioned member)
fcir = stress at center point prestress force, initial condition
fcds = stress at center point prestress force, permanent dead load.
fcds = Msd (e) / Ig fcds = 51.16 kg/cm2
Msd = Moment due to all superimposed permanent dead loads applied after prestressing
Ig = Moment of inertia of gross concrete section at the cross section considered.
CR = 906.38 kg

c. Steel Relaxation ( RE )
RE = [ Kre - J*(SH+CR+ES) ] *C ( ACI 318-95, Chapt. 18.6 )
where :
Kre = 5000.00 (for 270 grade, low relaxation strand)
J = 0.04 (for 270 grade, low relaxation strand)
C = 0.66 (to refer fpi/fpu, fpi=stress after friction and anchor slip)
fpi = 13069.50 kg fpi/fpu = 0.69
RE = 190.93 kg

GRAPHICS OF LOSS OF PRESTRESS STAGE

1. Due Friction
14066

12406
2. Due Slip (chek effect of prestress losses at mid span, wheather of not)
14066
13153
12240 12406
13070 13236

16.95 m

15.40 m

3. Due Elastic Shortening

14066
13153
12240 12406
13070 13236
12712
11799 12629 12795 11965

15.40 m

4. Long Term Losses

14066
13153
12240 12406
13070 13236
12629 12712
11799 12795 11965

11323 11490

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10493 10660

16.95 m
15.40 m

Stress force at X = 15 m (mid span) total :

- Jacking Force = 42 x 14066.18 = 590779.4 kg ( 75.00% )
- Initial = 42 x 13069.50 = 548919.2 kg ( 69.69% )
- Service = 42 x 11323.38 = 475582.0 kg ( 60.38% )
Total losses for long term 19.50 %

7.4 Effective Stress Force

Effective Prestress = Initial prestress - losses stress

Resume Prestressed Force
Cable
Asp P
Condition stress % tensile
[cm2] [ton] [kg/cm2]
Tranfer 41.46 548.92 13240 69.7%
Service 41.46 475.58 11471 60.4%

IIX. STRESS AND DEFFLECTION ANALYSIS

Beam Segment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Length (m) 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00
Additional length at the end of the beam = 0.40 m Total Length = 30.80 m

8.1 Stress at initial

Description Middle SEC 1-1 SEC 2-2 SEC 3-3 SEC 4-4 SEC 5-5 SEC 6-6
x - [m] Span 0.00 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 15.00
Moment DL [ton.m] 192.23 0.00 123.03 184.55 184.55 123.03 192.23
Pi [ton] 548.92 548.92 548.92 548.92 548.92 548.92 548.92
e (eccentricity) [m] 0.73 0.13 0.52 0.71 0.71 0.52 0.73
Pi.e [ton.m] -402.89 -72.87 -284.08 -389.69 -389.69 -284.08 -402.89
Moment Net. [ton.m] -210.66 -72.87 -161.05 -205.14 -205.14 -161.05 -210.66
Pi / A [kg/cm2] 80.31 80.31 80.31 80.31 80.31 80.31 80.31
M / Wa [kg/cm ] 2
-74.07 -25.62 -56.63 -72.14 -72.14 -56.63 -74.07 Allow.
M / Wb [kg/cm2] 71.33 24.67 54.53 69.47 69.47 54.53 71.33 stress
Initial Stresses top ( sT ) 6.24 54.69 23.68 8.17 8.17 23.68 6.24 -14.9
[kg/cm2] bottom ( sB ) 151.64 104.98 134.85 149.78 149.78 134.85 151.64 190.2

8.2 Stress at service

> Load of precast, slab, diaphragm and prestress by PC Beam ( = M1 )
> Live load and asphalt by composite ( = M2 )
Description Middle SEC 1-1 SEC 2-2 SEC 3-3 SEC 4-4 SEC 5-5 SEC 6-6
x - [m] Span 0.00 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 15.00
Moment DL + ADL [t-m] 341.02 0.00 218.25 327.38 327.38 218.25 341.02
P [t] 475.58 475.58 475.58 475.58 475.58 475.58 475.58
P.e [t-m] -349.06 -63.13 -246.13 -337.63 -337.63 -246.13 -349.06
Moment --- M1 [t-m] -8.04 -63.13 -27.87 -10.25 -10.25 -27.87 -8.04
Moment --- M2 [t-m] 274.86 0.00 175.91 263.87 263.87 175.91 274.86
P/A [kg/cm2] 69.58 69.58 69.58 69.58 69.58 69.58 69.58
M 1 / Wa [kg/cm2] -2.83 -22.20 -9.80 -3.60 -3.60 -9.80 -2.83
M 1 / Wb [kg/cm ] 2
2.72 21.38 9.44 3.47 3.47 9.44 2.72
M 2 / Wa' [kg/cm ] 2
30.20 0.00 19.33 28.99 28.99 19.33 30.20 Allow.

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M 2 / Wb' [kg/cm2] -70.27 0.00 -44.97 -67.46 -67.46 -44.97 -70.27 stress

Stress at Service slab ( sS ) 46.84 0.00 29.98 44.97 44.97 29.98 46.84 98.4
[kg/cm ] 2 top ( sT ) 96.95 47.38 79.11 94.97 94.97 79.11 96.95 172.9
bottom ( sB ) 2.04 90.96 34.05 5.59 5.59 34.05 2.04 -33.1

Note : Moment DL = Moment due to dead load ( Chapter V - Moment Analysis )

Moment Bal = Moment due to uniform load in balance condition ( Chapter 7.4 - Effective Stress Force )
Moment Net = ( Moment DL + Moment Bal )
Pi = Initial Prestress ( at transfer condition - chapt. 7.4. Effective Stress Force )
P = Prestress at service condition.. ( Chapter 7.4 -effective Stress Force )
M = Moment Net.
A = Total Area of Precast Beam ( Chapter 3.1 - Precast Beam)
Wa = Modulus Section for Top section of Precast condition
Wb = Modulus Section for Bottom section of Precast condition
Wa' = Modulus Section for Top section of composit Condition. ( Chapter 3.3 - Resume )
Wb' = Modulus section for bottom section of composite condition . ( Chapter 3.3 - Resume )
Stress - strain diagram at center span :

1. STRESS - STRAIN DIAGRAM AT INITIAL

Pi/A = 80.31 kg/cm2 M/Wa = -74.07 kg/cm2 s top = 6.24 kg/cm2

-

-
-
+ =

Pi/A = 80.31 kg/cm2 M/Wb = 71.33 kg/cm2 s bottom = 151.64 kg/cm2

2. STRESS - STRAIN DIAGRAM AT SERVICE

46.84 kg/cm
2
M2/Wa' = kg/cm
30.20
2
s slab =
P/A = 69.58 kg/cm2
M1/Wa = -2.83 kg/cm
2
- s top = 96.95 kg/cm
2

-
-
-
+
- + + =
+
+

P/A = 69.58 kg/cm2 M1/Wb = 2.72 kg/cm2 M2/Wb' = kg/cm2

-70.27 s bottom = 2.04 kg/cm
2

8.3 Deflection
Note :
P = Prestress force
l e' = Distance between c.g of strand at end and
c.g of strand at lowest point.
P P l = length of anchor to anchor
w = Equivalent loading for prestress force
e
Ix = Inertia of beam
Ex = Modulus of Elasticity

l/2 l/2
8 . P . e'
w=
l2

Reference :
PCI Design Handbook : Part 11.1.4 page no. 11-12
w

q p w
Condition

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Condition
(t/m) (ton) (t/m)
at initial 1.71 0.00 -2.93
at aDL (total) 1.53 0.00
at service (total) 4.71 11.40 -2.54
due to Live Load 1.48 11.40
deflection = (5q*L4/384EI) + (pL3/48EI)
based : PCI handbook 4.6.5 Long-Time Chamber Deflection
No. due load (1) release multiplier (2) erect. multiplier (3) final descibtion Allowable
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) L/800 (cm)
1 prestress -4.47 1.8 x (1) -8.05 2.45 x (1) -10.96 ( - ) up
2 wd 2.61 1.85 x (1) 4.69 2.7 x (1) 7.24 ( + ) down
-1.87 -3.36 -3.72
3 w ad 1.15 3 x (2) 3.45
-2.21 -0.27
4 w LL 1.57 3.75
1.31

IX. MOMENT CAPACITY.. PCI Design Handbook, Chapt. 4.2.1-Strength Design

First Analysis
There are two thickness flens which t-slab and t-flens of beam.
slab (t1) = 20.00 cm bslab = 185.00 cm must <= 340 cm
tflens (t2) = 20.00 cm bflens = 80.00 cm
Aps = 41.46 cm2
fps = 0,9 * fu kg/cm2 = 17100 kg/cm2 f = 0.9

So There is analyzed as T beam or square beam.

To analysis as T Beam :

C3
C2
C1
d

T = Aps * fps = 708935.2 kg

C1 = 0.85*fc'beam*tweb*(a-tslab-tflens)
C2 = 0.85*fc'beam*A*tflens = 587911.5 kg
C3 = 0.85*fc'slab*bslab*tslab = 1044716.9 kg
a = ((T-C2-C3)/(0.85*fc'*tweb))+tslab+tflens = -78.7 cm
-- Check, if a < (tslab+tflens), so must analyse as T beam or square beam.
(tslab+tflens) = 47 cm
C1 = -923693 kg
d = (H+tslab-ed) = 187.00 cm
Mn = C1(d-(a-tslab-tflens)/2)+C2(d-tslab-tflens/2)+C3(d-tslab/2) = 386.64 ton.m
f Mn = 347.98 ton.m

Analysed as T beam, for a < (tslab+tflens) or at flens of beam :

a = ((T-C3)/(0.85*fc'*A))+tslab = 15.58 cm
-- Check, if a < (tslab), so must analyse as square beam.
(tslab) = 27 cm
C2 = 0.85*fc'beam*A*(a-tslab) = -335782 kg
Mn = C2(d-tslab-((a-tslab)/2))+C3(d-tslab/2) = 1256.16 ton.m
f Mn = 1130.54 ton.m

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Analysed as square beam, for a < tslab :

a = Aps*fps/(0.85*fc'slab*bslab) = 18.32 cm
Mn = T*(d-a/2) = 1260.76 ton.m
f Mn = 1134.69 ton.m

Momen Ultimate Calculation(Mu)

Ultimate Moment = 1,2*Beam+1,3*Slab+2*Asphalt+1,2*Diaphragm+2*LL = 972.44 ton.m
( Bridge Design Manual, Vol.1-Page 2-6 )

Ratio (fMn / Mu), (>1) = 1.17

Cracking Moment:
Mcr = ( Fr + Peff / A + Peff * e / Wb ) * Wb
Requirement = fMn > 1.2 * Mcr
1.2 * Mcr fMn
(initial) = 898.5611 ton.m < 924.6936 ton.m (Ok!)
(service) = 938.7368 ton.m < 1134.6871 ton.m (Ok!)

X. SHEAR ANALYSIS
10.1 Shear calculation by rebar

WEB SHEAR f = 0.85

bw = 20 bwu= 80
Description Mid Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 5-5 Sec 6-6
x - [m] span 0.00 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 15.00
Vu = 1.3[Vdl+5/3Vll] [ton] 11.4 129.7 82.4 35.0 35.0 82.4 11.4
Mu = 1.3[Mdl+5/3Mll] [t-m] 972.4 0.0 622.4 933.5 933.5 622.4 972.4
dp > 0.80 h [cm] 160.0 99.9 138.4 157.6 157.6 138.4 160.0
[Vu*dp] >1 0.0 1.3E+101 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0
Vc min [kg] 35261.1 88048.5 30492.3 34732.4 34732.4 30492.3 35262.4
Vc [kg] 3.0E+05 5.1E+108 2.5E+06 9.2E+05 9.2E+05 2.5E+06 3.0E+05
Vc max [kg] 88485.4 220951.8 76518.5 87158.7 87158.7 76518.5 88488.8
Vc taken [kg] 88485.4 220951.8 76518.5 87158.7 87158.7 76518.5 88488.8
Vu/f [kg] 13407.1 152539.5 96886.5 41233.6 41233.6 96886.5 13407.1
Vs = Vu/f - Vc --> 0 [kg] 0.0 0.0 20368.1 0.0 0.0 20368.1 0.0

STIRRUP, nos stirrup 2 4 2 2 2 2 2

Dia. [mm] 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
fy [kg/cm2] 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900
Av [cm2] 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.65
S [mm] 1.7E+17 1.034E+17 7.0E+02 1.6E+17 1.6E+17 703.26592 1.7E+17
Smax [mm] 24981.20 19737.68 23230.6 24793.2 24793.2 23230.60 24981.67
Smax [mm] 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60
Smax [mm] 24981.20 1035.31 1035.31 24793.21 24793.21 1035.31 24981.67

S [mm] 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60 609.60

using S [mm]
Reference (ACI) :
Vc min = 0.53*sqrt(f'c)*bw*dp .. (1) S = 10*Av*fy*dp/Vs
Vc = (0.16*sqrt(f'c)+49*vu*dp/Mu)*bw*dp ..(2) S min = 10*Av*80*fy*dp/(Aps*fps*sqrt(dp/bw)
Vc max = 1.33*sqrt(f'c)*bw*dp .(3) = d/2 atau 24 in (=60.96 cm)
= 10*Av*fy/(50*bw) if only Vu/f > Vc/2
Note :
Formula (1),(2) and (3) are adapted from the ACI formula for Shear Design
Conversion Factor From Psi to Kg/cm2 is = 0.0703
( 1 Psi = 0.0703 kg/cm2 )

page 10 / 19
 361650441.xls

ACI standard states :

Vc min = 2x(fc')^0.5 ( Psi )
Vc min = 2x(0.0703x fc')^0.5 .. ( kg/cm2 )

10.2 Shear Connector

Slab K- 300 f'c = 246.06 kg/cm2
Distance ctc beam (be) = 1.85 m
Thickness of slab = 20.00 cm
Height of compression stress (a) = 18.32 cm (see moment capacity section)

Hu = 7.1E+05 kg ( = 0.85*f'c*be*(minimum value between tslab or a))

Avf total of 1/2 span = 213.86 cm 2
( = Hu/(0.85*fy*m) , with m =1)
Average stirrup space = 191.16 mm
Number of stirrup for 1/2 span = 81 pcs.

XI. END BLOCK DESIGN

Centre of gravity sheat at end beam = 72.14 cm

a = 27 cm
b = 80 cm
Bursting steel calculation
Tensile assumption = 75%, P = 0.75 x 18 x 0.9871 x 19000 = 253191.15 kg
[Pi max] = Fx = 3/8 P (1 - a/b) = 63.50 ton
Fy = 3/8 P (1 - a/h) = 60.07 ton
F prefer = 63.50 ton
As = 63.50 / ( 0.87 x 3900 ) = 18.71 cm2
Number of bursting steel needed 8 D13

XII. SEGMENT'S JOINT CONTROL

420

100 Ya Ya'[c]

480 Y'b[c]
83.4 Yb 114.0
100

600

Check top point = 27.00 cm Ya = 44.60 cm Ya' = 14.00 cm

Check bottom point = 0.00 cm Yb = 23.40 cm Yb' = 54.00 cm

Keterangan Middle SEC 1-1 SEC 2-2 SEC 3-3 SEC 4-4 SEC 5-5 SEC 6-6
x [m] Span 0.00 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 15.00

Vn = Vdl + Vll [ton] 5.70 82.12 51.55 20.98 20.98 51.55 5.70

page 11 / 19
 361650441.xls

tg f -0.001 -0.081 -0.049 -0.017 0.015 0.048 -0.001

Vp = P tg f [ton] 0.25 38.38 23.13 7.88 7.37 22.62 0.25
Vs = Vn - Vp [ton] 5.44 43.74 28.42 13.10 13.61 28.93 5.44
Joint's shear stress
V =Vs/(Concrete Area) [kg/cm2] 0.40 3.22 2.09 0.96 1.00 2.13 0.40
M(dl+adl) resissted by precast [t-m] 363.92 0.00 232.91 349.36 349.36 232.91 363.92
M(ll) resissted by composite [t-m] 251.97 0.00 161.26 241.89 241.89 161.26 251.97
P.e [t-m] -349.06 -63.13 -246.13 -337.63 -337.63 -246.13 -349.06
Top stress [kg/cm2] 73.06 58.15 67.69 72.46 72.46 67.69 73.06 Allow.
Bottom stress [kg/cm2] 65.12 75.58 68.88 65.54 65.54 68.88 65.12 stress
Top point
s max [kg/cm2] 73.06 58.32 67.76 72.48 72.48 67.76 73.06 172.9
s min [kg/cm ]2
0.00 -0.18 -0.06 -0.01 -0.01 -0.07 0.00 -33.1
Bottom Point
s max [kg/cm2] 65.12 75.71 68.95 65.55 65.55 68.95 65.12 172.9
s min [kg/cm2] 0.00 -0.14 -0.06 -0.01 -0.02 -0.07 0.00 -33.1
Calculation :
Top stress = P/A + Mdl/Wa + Mll/Wa'
Bottom Stress = P/A + Mdl/Wb + Mll/Wb'
P max = Teg./2 + [ (teg./2)^2 + V^2 ]^(1/2)
P min = Teg./2 - [ (teg./2)^2 + V^2 ]^(1/2)
Note :
P = effective Prestress Force Wb = Section Modulus for bottom section
A = Area of Precast beam teg. = Stress due to moment
Mdl = Moment due to dead load V = Stress due to shear force
Mll = Moment due to live load Vn = Shear force due to dead load and live load
Wa = Section Modulus for top section Vp = Shear force due to Prestress force
s = Stresses due to shear force and moment

XIII. SHEAR KEY DESIGN

AB'

Ae
h'

Ae'
AB

Av'
Av

H
Calculation of Shear Key Reinforcement

Description Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 5-5

x [m] 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00
S ( DL + LL ) (ton) 51.55 20.98 -20.98 -51.55
H (mm) 100 100 100 100
a (mm) 50 50 50 50
h (mm) 680 680 680 680
h' (mm) 520 520 520 520
fy (kg/cm2) 3900 3900 3900 3900
ssa (kg/cm2) 1950 1950 1950 1950

page 12 / 19
 361650441.xls

Steel of reinforcement 2D - 13
Area ( mm2 ) 265.46 265.46 265.46 265.46
Male Section
Ae ( mm2 ) 242.98 98.90 -98.90 -242.98
Number of stell Needed 0.92 0.37 0.37 0.92
Number of steel Used 2 2 2 2
AB ( mm2 ) 60.74 24.72 -24.72 -60.74
Number of stell Needed 0.23 0.09 0.09 0.23
Number of steel Used 2 2 2 2
Av ( mm )
2
1321.79 538.00 -538.00 -1321.79
Number of stell Needed 4.98 2.03 2.03 4.98
Number of steel Used 5 3 3 5
Female section
A'e ( mm2 ) 317.74 129.33 -129.33 -317.74
Number of stell Needed 1.20 0.49 0.49 1.20
Number of steel Used 2 2 2 2
A'B ( mm2 ) 79.43 32.33 -32.33 -79.43
Number of stell Needed 0.30 0.12 0.12 0.30
Number of steel Used 2 2 2 2
Av' ( mm2 ) 1321.79 538.00 -538.00 -1321.79
Number of stell Needed 4.98 2.03 2.03 4.98
Number of steel Used 5 3 3 5

Formula for Shear Key Design according to Japan Road Association :

Sxa Sxa
Ae = A'e =
0.8 x h x ssa 0.8 x h' x ssa
Ae A'e
AB = AB =
4 4
S
Av = Av' = Av
2 x ssa

Ae, A'e = Area of reinforcement S = Total Vertical Load

AB, A'B = Area of stirrup reinforcement ssa = Allowable stress for reinforcement
Av, A'v = Area of stirrup reinforcement a =H/2

XIV. LIFTING CONTROL

Lifting at stock yard : fc at lifting = 50% fc' = 216.1439 [kg/cm2]

frupture = 0.8 sqrt(fc at lifting) = 11.7615 [kg/cm2]
Lifting at instalation : fc at install = 80% fc' = 345.8303 [kg/cm2]
frupture = 0.8 sqrt(fc at instal) = 14.8772

Beam Segment 1 2 3 4 5
Unit
Length (m) 6.40 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00
a 1.32 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 m
b 3.75 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.52 m
Precast beam weight 1.7088 1.7088 1.7088 1.7088 1.7088 t/m
Segment beam weight 10.9 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 ton
Dynamic load factor 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Force at lifitng point 7.7 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 ton
Safety Factor 2 2 2 2 2
No. legs for lifting point 2 2 2 2 2 leg
MDL middle 2.11E+05 1.85E+05 1.85E+05 1.85E+05 1.85E+05 kg.cm
Wx 2.95E+05 2.95E+05 2.95E+05 2.95E+05 2.95E+05 cm3

page 13 / 19
 361650441.xls

sbottom 0.71 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 kg/cm2

fr' conc.at stock yard 11.76 11.76 11.76 11.76 11.76 kg/cm2
fr' conc.at instalation 14.88 14.88 14.88 14.88 14.88 kg/cm2
Stress control OK OK OK OK OK

a b a
Lifting Point

Lifitng beam design

Strand lifting beam = f 12.7 mm Beam Weight = 56.93 ton

Ast = 0.987 cm2 Dynamic Load Factor = 1.4
UTS = 19000 kg/cm2 Force at lifitng point = 39.85 ton
Allowed tension = 75% UTS SF = 2
Tension strength = 14.06 ton for 1 leg of strand No legs for lifting point = 12 legs

XV. DAPPED END DESIGN . ( PCI Design Handbook, Part 6.13-Dapped-End Connections )

Av
DATA
L = 30.8 m
H = 170 cm Ah
CTC = 185 cm
h = 125 cm d
h
h' = 45 cm
d = 120 cm
b = 60 cm
a = 100 cm As
f = 0.85 h'

Vu = 129.66 ton a Ash

Nu = 0 (resisted by prestress force)

Me = 3.4
l = 1

Concrete class K 500 f'c = 432.28787 kg/cm2

Reinforced U 39 fy = 3900 kg/cm2

An = 0 cm2
As = Nu*(h/d)/(f*fy)
= 0x(125/120)/(0.85x3900)
= 0.00 cm2
As = 1/(f*fy)*(Vu*a/d+Nu*h/d)
= 1/(0.85x3900)x(129.66x1000x100/120+0x125/120)
= 32.59 cm2
As = 2/3*Vu/(f*fy*me)

page 14 / 19
 361650441.xls

= 2/3x129.66x1000/(0.85x3900x3.4)
= 7.67 cm2

Maka digunakan :
As = 32.59 cm2

Ah = (As-An)/2
= (32.59-0)/2
= 16.30 cm2

Ash = Vu/(f*fy)
= 129.66x1000/(0.85x3900)
= 39.11 cm2

Av = (1/(2*fy))*(Vu/f-0,53*l*b*d*sqrt(fc))
= (1/(2x3900))x(129.66x1000/0.85-0.53xsqrt(432.29)x1x60x120)
= 9.38 cm2

Reinforcement
As = 32.59 cm2 Minimum used 7.00 D - 25
Ah = 16.30 cm 2
4.00 D - 25
Ash = 39.11 cm 2
8.00 D - 25
Av = 9.38 cm 2
2.00 D - 25

page 15 / 19
JOB N0. 361650441.xls

RESUME OF PC I GIRDER TECHNICALLY CALCULATION

1. BEAM SPECIFICATION
Span = 30.00 m (beam length = 30.80 m)
Beam Height ( H ) = 170.00 cm
Distance ctc of beam ( s ) = 185.00 cm
Slab thickness = 27.00 (not include RC Flat)
Beam Compressive strength = K- 500
Slab Compressive strength = K- 300

Segment Arrangement
Beam Segment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Length (m) 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00
Additional length at the end of beam = 0.4 m
Total length of the beam = 30.80 m
Total beam weight = 56.93 ton

2. STRESSING
Nos of PC Strand = 42 strand f 12.7 mm (PC Strand 270 grade, low relaxation)
Strand configuration
No. number H strand bottom (cm) Jacking Force = 75% UTS
Tendon strand edge mid UTS of Strand = 19000.00 kg/cm2
0 0 0 0 Total Losses = 19.50%
0 0 145 30 fc initial = 80.0% fc'
0 0 115 20
1 18 115 10
2 12 55 10
3 12 25 10
total 42 72.14 10.00

3. LOADING
1. Dead Load
a. Precast Beam = 1.71 t/m
b. Slab = 1.20 t/m Slab thickness = 27.0 (not include RC Flat)
c. Asphalt = 0.20 t/m Asphalt thickness = 5.0 cm
d. Diaphragm = 0.74 ton for 1 diaphragm
No. Diaphragm 5 pcs equivalent load = 0.12 t/m
2. Live Load
Taken from "Bridge Management System (BMS)"
D load
a. Dynamic Load Allowance (DLA) = 1.40 for span length <= 50m
b. Knife Edge Load (KEL) = 4.40 ton/m'
c. Distribution Factor (DF) = 1.00
d. Distribution Load
q= 0.80 t/m2 which : q = 0,8 t/m' For Span <= 30m
q = 0,8 x (0,5 + 15/span) t/m' For Span > 30m
e. Live Load

CALCULATION RESUME
JOB N0. 361650441.xls

Distribution load : q' = DF x q x s = 1.48 ton/m'

Line Load : p' = DF x DLA x KEL x s = 11.40 ton

4. BEAM SUPPORT REACTION

Ultimate total = 1,2*Beam + 1,3*Slab + 2*Asphalt + 1,2*Diaphragm + 2*LL
( Bridge Management System, Vol.1-Page 2-6 )
Beam support reaction :
a. Dead Load = 25.63 ton
b. Additional Dead Load = 22.89 ton
c. Live Load = 33.60 ton

Ultimate support reaction = 129.66 ton

5. CONTROL OF BEAM STRESSES

1. Initial Condition
Middle span position
top stress = 6.24 kg/cm2 required > -14.88 kg/cm2
bottom stress = 151.64 kg/cm2 required < 190.21 kg/cm2
2. Service Condition
Middle span position
top stress = 96.95 kg/cm2 required < 172.92 kg/cm2
bottom stress = 2.04 kg/cm2 required > -33.06 kg/cm2

6. CONTROL OF BEAM DEFLECTION

Deflection at the middle of beam span
1. Chamber due stressing
initial = -1.87 cm
erection = -2.21 cm
final = -0.27 cm
2. Deflection due live load = 1.57 cm, required < L/800 3.75 cm
3. Total deflection at service = 1.31 cm

7. MOMENT CAPACITY OF BEAM

Mult = 1,2*Beam+1,3*Slab+2*Asphalt+1,2*Diapraghm+2*LL = 972.44 t.m

f Mn = 1134.69 t.m
Ratio, f Mn / Mu (>1) = 1.17

CALCULATION RESUME
 INPUT

Profil Kabel (VERTIKAL) 67 665

Jarak horisonatal antara angkur 30.8 m 19.35 19.5 12.5 12.35
[Satuan dalam cm] 667 658
Tendon Jml Profil (mm) A B Jarak dari tumpuan (m)

strand tepi tengah 0.00 0.15 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 15.55
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 1450 300 0.0494 -1.508196721 1450 1450 1325 1188 1060 943 835 737 649 571 503 444 396 357 328 310 301 302 313 333 300
3 0 1150 200 0.0408 -1.245901639 1150 1150 1047 933 828 731 642 561 488 424 367 319 279 247 224 208 201 201 210 228 200
4 18 1150 100 0.0451 -1.37704918 1150 1150 1036 911 794 687 588 499 419 347 285 232 187 152 126 109 101 102 112 131 100
5 12 250 100 0.0064 -0.196721311 250 250 234 216 199 184 170 157 146 135 126 119 112 107 104 101 100 100 102 104 100
total 30 790.00 100.00 0.0297 -0.904918033 790 834 262 7874
571
Persamaan kurva : sudut
A = 0.002672 Y = 0.0296694437 X^2 + -0.90492 X + 7.9 rad. f 32.5
B= -0.0815 tg f = 0.05934 X -0.90492 0 0.000
0.64957738 0.1456 8.341
x = 37.2180424 0.1205 6.906
y = 7.9 0.1331 7.625
0.0191 1.096

Profil Kabel (HORISONTAL)

Batas mulai bergeser 3.00 m
[Satuan dalam cm]
Tendon Jml Profil (mm) A B Jarak dari tumpuan (m)
strand tepi tengah 0.00 0.15 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 15.55
1 0 0 0 0.000 0.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0.000 0.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0.000 0.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 18 0 150 0.000 -0.012097 0 0 0 0 0 -12 -24 -36 -48 -60 -73 -85 -97 -109 -121 -133 -145 -157 -169 -181 -152
5 12 0 -150 0.000 0.012097 0 0 0 0 0 12 24 36 48 60 73 85 97 109 121 133 145 157 169 181 152
total 30 0.00 30.00 0.000 -0.002419 0

Persamaan kurva : sudut

A= 0.000 Y = 0.000 X^2 + -0.00242 X + 0.00 0 6.48
B = -0.00242 tg o = 0.00000 X -0.00242 0 6.28
0 4.57
x = 0 2.86
y = 0 0 1.15

Page 18
 OUTPUT

NO. JUMLAH STRAND ARAH PROFIL (mm) SUDUT JARAK DARI UJUNG
TENDON DIA. 12.7mm KABEL TEPI TENGAH ANGKUR 150 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 15550

1 0 Y 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 Y 1450 300 8.34 1450 1325 1188 1060 943 835 737 649 571 503 444 396 357 328 310 301 302 313 333 300

3 0 Y 1150 200 6.91 1150 1047 933 828 731 642 561 488 424 367 319 279 247 224 208 201 201 210 228 200

4 18 Y 1150 100 7.62 1150 1036 911 794 687 588 499 419 347 285 232 187 152 126 109 101 102 112 131 100
X 0 150 0 0 0 0 -12 -24 -36 -48 -60 -73 -85 -97 -109 -121 -133 -145 -157 -169 -181 -152

5 12 Y 250 100 1.10 250 234 216 199 184 170 157 146 135 126 119 112 107 104 101 100 100 102 104 100

X 0 -150 0 0 0 0 12 24 36 48 60 73 85 97 109 121 133 145 157 169 181 152

total 30

662.5

penyesuaian lateral 0 6 19 40 60 77 70 45 30 20 15 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 3

penyesuaian vertikal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

jarak tendon 2 - tendon 3 = 300 278.3 254.4 232.2 211.8 193 176 160.7 147.1 135.2 125.1 116.6 109.9 105 101.7 100.1 100.3 102.2 105.8 100
8.1 dia. Sheat 7.1 cm OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOT NOT OK OK NOT
7.1 -----> d min 101 mm
6.1 jarak tendon 2 - tendon 4 = 300 289.2 277.2 266.1 256.2 247.7 240.7 235.4 231.6 229.4 228.8 229.7 232.1 235.9 240.9 247.2 254.5 262.9 272.2 251.1
dia. Sheat 7.1 cm OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
-----> d min 101 mm
jarak tendon 3 - tendon 4 = 0 10.84 22.79 33.88 45.75 58.71 71.85 84.82 97.49 109.8 121.7 133.3 144.5 155.4 165.9 176.2 186.3 196.1 205.8 181.8
dia. Sheat 7.1 cm NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
-----> d min 101 mm
jarak tendon 4 - tendon 5 = 900 802.5 694.9 595 503.5 421.4 349.6 289.7 244 214.9 203.5 207.5 222.3 243 266.2 290.3 314.5 338.9 363.8 303.6
dia. Sheat 7.1 cm OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
-----> d min 101 mm

300

200

100

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
-100

-200

361650441.xls, OUTPUT, 07/27/2017