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This document summarizes research on the ultimate strength of cross joints with circular tubes. It presents an expression for theoretical ultimate strength that considers the diameter ratio between the tubes. Test data was used to modify this expression, shown in equation 4a. The modifier accounts for increased joint efficiency for larger diameter ratios up to 1.8 times for a ratio of 1. The modified expression is recommended for diameter ratios above 0.6, with a modifier of 1 for ratios below 0.6.
This document summarizes research on the ultimate strength of cross joints with circular tubes. It presents an expression for theoretical ultimate strength that considers the diameter ratio between the tubes. Test data was used to modify this expression, shown in equation 4a. The modifier accounts for increased joint efficiency for larger diameter ratios up to 1.8 times for a ratio of 1. The modified expression is recommended for diameter ratios above 0.6, with a modifier of 1 for ratios below 0.6.
This document summarizes research on the ultimate strength of cross joints with circular tubes. It presents an expression for theoretical ultimate strength that considers the diameter ratio between the tubes. Test data was used to modify this expression, shown in equation 4a. The modifier accounts for increased joint efficiency for larger diameter ratios up to 1.8 times for a ratio of 1. The modified expression is recommended for diameter ratios above 0.6, with a modifier of 1 for ratios below 0.6.
SPECIFIC RESULTS A simplified limit analysis of cross
FOR 5X5X.I87 CHORD joints w i t h circular tubes has been re- MATERIAL L I M I T / ported (Ref. 11), w h i c h employs the 50- v p = 0 . 4 Fy^ physical model of Fig. 1 2 to derive an expression for theoretical ultimate strength w h i c h can be reduced to the following: 40 0-5 B, LIMIT ANALYSIS (4) 0.25 Fy 0(1-0) 2 TR
in 3 0 /3(l-/3) 0.5 y-^
D_ W h e n the effective length BP is taken -*. as equal to the chord circumference, I D_ the last t e r m becomes unity, and 20 equation (4) becomes identical w i t h equation (3), w i t h a term for the basic variation of vp w i t h Fy and 7 , mod- YIELD ified by a term expressing the /? - LINES effect. P"0.5y Test data were used to justify an FOR /3 < 0 . 5 empirical modification of the expres- sion for ultimate punching shear, leading to the results plotted in Fig. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 I.O 12, and /9 - RATIO 0.3 Fig. 11 Ultimate strength analysis square tubes (4a) 0(1-0.833 0 ) 0.304 y
In this expression the term for /? -
effect has the f o l l o w i n g properties and implications: SIMPLIFIED 1. A value of 1.0 for 0 = 0.6 LIMIT . 0.5 II. 2. Increasing joint efficiency for ANALYSIS /3<l-/9) 0.5 y 2TTR larger 0 -ratios, up to a limiting in- crease of 1.8-fold f o r 0 = 1.0. HINGE LINES Note that for the mid-range of diam- eter ratios (/3from 0.25 to 0.75) the assumption of constant punching shear also provides a reasonable fit to the data of Fig. 12, in line w i t h earlier results. For very small /3-ratios, there is little experimental justification for the large increases in joint efficiency 40 predicted by t h e / ? -modifier in equa- tion (4a). Accordingly, it has been rec- ommended that a modifier of unity be used for values of 0 less t h a n 0.6. This is consistent w i t h the results for square tubes, and appears to be con- 30 servative w i t h respect to theoretical EMPIR,CAL V results (Fig. 6). " - f>S?833fi) 3 8 7 < O Proposed 0-Effect UJ CM Applying the modifier, Q , j , for the -i 2 0 effects of diameter ratio, to the punch- & ing shear criteria of equations pro- posed earlier (equations (2) and (2a) one obtains: < CE 10 Ultimate v = Q , 7 (5) o 0.5 x y z -CONSTANT V P FOR Fy Allowable Vy - Q B 0.25 < f3< 0.75 0.9 x Y 0 7 where
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 I.O
DIAMETER RATIO /3 0.3 for /?> 0.6 Q 7 /? (1-0.833/?) Z /*?. 12 Japanese results cross joints