Beruflich Dokumente
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The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are
the ones commonly used.
Rumus-rumus berikut boleh membantu anda menjawab soalan. Simbol-simbol yang diberi
adalah yang biasa digunakan.
ALGEBRA
1 8
2
9
10
4
11
5
12
6
13
7
CALCULUS
KALKULUS
= dx or ( atau )
2 ,
= dy
5 Volume of revolution
3 Isi padu kisaran
= dx or ( atau )
= dy
STATISTICS
STATISTIK
1 = 7
2 = 8
3 = = 9
10
4 = =
11
12 Mean / Min , = np
5 m =
13
14
6
GEOMETRY
GEOMETRI
1 Distance / Jarak 5 r x2 y2
= x2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2
TRIGONOMETRY
TRIGONOMETRI
Luas sektor,
10 tan (A B) =
3
11 tan 2A =
4
5 12
6 13
7 =
=
= 14 Area of triangle / Luas segi tiga
=
=
=
=
The root of a quadratic equation is the value that can replace the variable in the eguation to satisfies the equation.
a) using calculator
c) using calculator
SLOT 1
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS // PERSAMAAN KUADRATIK
1 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
It is given that 1 is one of the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 4 x p 0 . Find the value of p.
Diberi bahawa 1 ialah satu daripada punca persamaan kuadratik x 2 4 x p 0 . Cari nilai p.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
3 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
2
The equation px 2 4 x q 0 , where p and q are constants, has roots and 2. Find the value
3
of p and of q.
1
4 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
The quadratic equation x( x 6) 2m 3n , where m and n are constant, has two equal roots.
Express m in terms of n.
Persamaan kuadratik x( x 6) 2m 3n , dengan keadaan m dan n ialah pemalar, mempunyai
dua punca sama. Ungkapkan m dalam sebutan n.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
5 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
6 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
Solve the quadratic equation x (3 x 5) 3 x 1 . Give the answer correct to three decimal places.
2
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
Solve the quadratic equation 2 x( x 4) (1 x)( x 2) . Write your answer correct to four
significant figures.
Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik 2 x( x 4) (1 x)( x 2) . Tuliskan jawapan anda betul kepada
empat angka bererti.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
The quadratic equation 2 x 2 4 x 10 p(1 6 x) has two real and equal roots.
Find the values of p.
Persamaan kuadratik 2 x 2 4 x 10 p(1 6 x) mempunyai dua punca nyata dan sama.
Carinilai-nilai p.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
3 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
It is given that 4 and n -3 are the roots of quadratic equation x 2 (m 3) x 8 0 , where m and n
are constants. Find the value of m and of n.
Diberi bahawa 4 dan n - 3 ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik x 2 (m 3) x 8 0, di
mana m dan n ialah pemalar. Cari nilai m dan n.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
3
4 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
3x 2 2
It is given that quadratic equation x .
5
3x 2 2
Diberi bahawa persamaan kuadratik x
5
(a) Express the equation in the form of ax 2 bx c 0
Ungkapkan persamaan itu dalam bentuk ax 2 bx c 0
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
5 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
4
6 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
5
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
The general form of quadratic functions is f (x) = ax2 + b x + c .
The highest power of variable x is 2
f(x)
POSITION b2-4ac > 0 2) f(x) = x2-4x + 4 a) Min. Point: (2,0)
Can be
OF GRAPH Two different
WITH determined roots f(x) = (x 2)2 4 + 4 4 b) min. value: 0
RESPECT by the type f(x) = (x 2)2
TO THE X- c) Equation of axis of
of roots of b2-4ac = 0 x symmetry : x = 2
AXIS i) Shape :
f(x) = 0 Two equal 2
ii) Min point : (2,0)
roots
iii) y- intercept : 4
(Kedudukan
Graf) b2-4ac < 0 3) f(x) = 4 x2 4 a) Equation of axis
No real roots i) Shape : of symmetry : x = 0
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
x
O 1 5
6
3 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
4 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
7
5 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
A projectile is shot upwards from the ground. Its height, h, in m, at t seconds after the shot is given
by h(t ) 5t 2 60t .
Sebuah projektil ditembakkan ke atas dari permukaan tanah. Tingginya, h, dalam m, pada t saat
selepas ditembak ialah h(t ) 5t 2 60t .
Calculate
Hitung
(a) the time it takes for the projectile to hit the ground,
masa projektil itu tiba ke permukaan tanah,
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b) the maximum altitude achieved by the projectile.
tinggi maksimum yang tercapai oleh projektil itu.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
6 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
pada paksi-y.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
8
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
y
x
O 1 6
y=-6
The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function y = f(x). The straight line y = - 6 is a
tangent to the curve at the minimum point.
Rajah menunjukkan graf fungsi kuadratik y = f(x). Garis lurus y = - 6 ialah tangent kepada
lengkung itu pada titik minimum.
9
3 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
y
x
O
y=k
Diagram shows the graph of a quadratic function f ( x) ( x 2)( x 8) and straight line y = k. Find
the value of k.
Rajah menunjukkan graf fungsi kuadratik f ( x) ( x 2)( x 8) dan garis lurus y = k . Cari nilai
k.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
4 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Find range of values of p such that straight line y px 5 intersect the curve y 1 x 2 at two
different points.
Cari julat nilai nilai p supaya garis lurus y px 5 bersilang dengan lengkung y 1 x 2
pada dua titik berlainan.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
5 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
jika q 2 2q 5 .
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
10
6 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
1 x 5 .
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(d) Find the value of m if quadratic equation 12 x 6 3x 2 m has only one root.
Cari nilai m jika persamaan kuadratik 12 x 6 3x 2 m hanya mempunyai satu punca.
[1 marks]
[1 markah
11
6. COORDINATE GEOMETRY
FORMULAE
Gradient of a straight line To Find the equation of the straight line
1) Basic Formula 2 1
Given A = (x 1 , y 1) and B = (x2 , y 2 ), =
A(x1,y1) , B(x2, y2) 2 2 1) The equation of the
straight line which is
Distance AB = ( x 2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2 2) If given parallel to the y-axis:
1
x-intercept
and x = x-intercept
2 + +
a) Midpoint of AB = ( , ) y-intercept
=
2) The equation of the
straight line which is
b) The point P(x,y) that divides AB in the 2) The value of the gradient parallel to the x-axis:
ratio m : n m=0 m= m is m is
n B (x2 , y2 ) positive negative y = y-intercept
m x P(x , y) 3)
y y Given the x-intercept =a
y y and the y-intercept = b
A (x1 , y 1 ) b
1 +2 1 +2
=( , ) + =1
+ + x x
x x
a
3 Area of triangle ABC
3) If two lines are parallel to each other:
A( x1 , y1), B( x2 , y2), C (x3 , y 3 ),
Given the gradient m and
m1 = m2 4)
A B C A a point A (x1, y1)
c
Area= | | y = mx + c
4) If two lines are perpendicular to each other or
= |( + + ) ( + + )| y y1 = m (x x1)
m1 m2 = -1
A B C D A i) General form : ax + by + c = 0
Area= | | The point of intersection of two lines can be found
by: ii) Gradient form : y = mx + c
= |( + + + ) ( + +
+ )| (i) Drawing their graphs and read the point of iii) Intercept form: + =1
intersection.
4 The x -intercept the value of x when y = 0 (ii) Solving the simultaneous equations . The equation of the locus of the moving point can
be found by using the formula for distances between
The y -intercept the value of y when x = 0 the points involves.
+ =1
SLOT 2
COORDINATE GEOMETRY // GEOMETRI KOORDINAT
1 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Q (2, 6)
R (- 2, 5)
T
S (- 3, k)
x
O
P
The above diagram shows a quadrilateral PQRS with point T lies on the straight line PQ. Given the
equation of straight line PS is 4 x 7 y 2 .
Rajah di atas menunjukkan sisi empat PQRS dengan titik T terletak pada garis lurus PQ. Diberi
persamaan garis lurus PS ialah 4 x 7 y 2
Find
Cari
12
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Given that the points A(1, 8) , B(h, k) , C(3, - 10) and D(- 4, 5) are the vertices of a rhombus. The
diagonals AC and BD intersect at point E.
Diberi titik-titik A(1, 8) , B(h, k) , C(3, - 10) dan D(- 4, 5) ialah bucu-bucu sebuah rombus. Pepenjuru
AC dan BD bersilang pada titik E.
Find
Cari
13
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram shows a campsite OABC that had been cleared by a group of scouts. Points P, Q and R are
the centre of the tents P, Q and R respectively. P, Q and R are collinear.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah tapak perkhemahan OABC yang telah dibersihkan oleh sekumpulan
pengakap. Titik-titik P, Q dan R masing-masing ialah pusat khemah P, Q dan R. P, Q dan R adalah
segaris.
y
B(16, 20)
R(15, 14)
Q(3, 5)
P
A(-6, 4)
C(17, 1)
x
O
Given the distance of point R is 3 times from point Q and 4 times from point P.
Diberi jarak titik R adalah 3 kali dari titik Q dan 4 kali dari titik P.
(a) Find
Cari
(i) the area , in m2 , of the campsite OABC,
luas, dalam m2 , tapak perkhemahan OABC,
(ii) the coordinates of P.
koordinat P.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b) A scout spread sulphur powder around tent R such that the distance of the sulphur
powder track from the centre of tent R is always 4 m.
Seorang pengakap menabur serbuk belerang di sekeliling khemah R dengan keadaan jarak
laluan serbuk belerang itu dari pusat khemah R adalah sentiasa 4 m.
14
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram shows a kite PQRS. Given that the equation of the straight line PR is y 4 x 11 . The
straight line PR intersect straight line QS at point T.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah laying-layang PQRS. Diberi bahawa persamaan garis lurus PR ialah
y 4 x 11 . Garis lurus PR menyilang garis lurus QS pada titik T.
y
R
Q T(4, 5)
S
O x
P(3, 1)
Find
Cari
15
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
In the diagram, AB and BC are two straight lines which are perpendicular at point B. Points A and B
lie on the y-axis and the x-axis respectively.
Dalam rajah, AB dan BC adalah dua garis lurus yang berserenjang pada titik B. Titik-titik A dan B
masing-masing terletak pada paksi-y dan paksi-x.
B
O x
y x
Given that the equation of the straight line AB is 1 .
3 4
y x
Diberi persamaan garis lurus AB ialah 1.
3 4
Find
Cari
16
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram shows the mapping of 4 shops G, H, J and K onto a Cartesian Plane. Shops G, H and J are
collinear. Shop K lies on the x-axis. Given that HK is perpendicular to GJ.
Rajah menunjukkan pemetaan 4 buah kedai G, H, J dan K di Satah Cartesan. Kedai G, H dan J
adalah segaris. Kedai K terletak di paksi-x. Diberi HK berserenjang dengan GJ.
G(p, 25)
H(18, q)
J(29, 13)
K
x
(a) Town H lies between town G and town J such that GH = 2HJ.
Find the value of p and of q.
Bandar H terletak di antara Bandar G dan J dengan keadaan GH = 2HJ.
Cari nilai p dan nilai q.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Find the equation of the straight line HK.
Cari persamaan bagi garis lurus HK.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c) Find the shortest distance from town K to line GJ.
Cari jarak terpendek dari bandar K kepada garis GJ.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
17
All in One Page 9.CIRCULAR MEASURES
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
0.8 rad
It is given that the area of the sector AOB is 36.72 cm2. Find the radius of the semicircle.
Diberi luas sektor AOB ialah 36.72 cm2. Cari jejari separuh bulatan tersebut.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
Diagram 2 shows two sectors, MOL and NOK of a circle with centre O.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua buah sektor, MOL dan NOK bagi sebuah bulatan yang berpusat O.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
18
3 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
O M L
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
In the Diagram 3, KOL is a circular sector with centre O and a radius of 17 cm. Point M is on
the straight line OML such that ML = 5 cm. Calculate
Dalam Rajah 3, KOL ialah sektor bulatan dengan pusat O dan jejari 17 cm. Titik M terletak di
atas garis lurus OML yang mana ML = 5 cm.
19
4 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
In Diagram 4, AOBC is a semicircle with centre O and radius 5 cm. Triangle OBC is an equilateral
triangle.
Dalam Rajah 4, AOBC ialah sebuah semi bulatan berpusat O dengan jejari 5 cm. Segi tiga OBC
ialah segi tiga sama sisi.
A O B
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
[ Use / Guna = 3.142 ]
Calculate
Hitung
(a) the value of , in radians.
nilai , dalam radian.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) the perimeter, in cm, of the shaded region.
perimeter, dalam cm, kawasan berlorek.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(c) the area, in cm 2 , of the shaded region.
luas, dalam cm 2 , kawasan berlorek.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
20
5 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 2 shows a circle of radius 7 cm with centre O. KM and LM are two tangents to the
circle at K and L. (Use = 3.142).
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah bulatan berjejari 7 cm dengan pusat O. KM dan LM adalah dua garis
tangen kepada bulatan di K dan L. (Guna = 3.142).
24 cm
7 cm
O M
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
21
6 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 3 shows a sector OAB with centre O. Given that AOB 36 and the arc length
AB 9 cm. Calculate
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sektor OAB berpusat O. Diberi bahawa AOB 36 dan panjang
lengkok AB 9 cm. Hitung
A
B Diagram 3
Rajah 3
22
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Given that the length of the major arc PQ is 31.2 cm, find the length, in cm, of the radius.
Diberi panjang lengkok major PQ ialah 31.2 cm, kira panjang, dalam cm, jejari bulatan itu.
[Use / Guna = 3.142]
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
S
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
O
P Q
23
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 3 shows a circle ADBC , with centre O and diameter 12 cm and a sector ADC with
centre A and radius AD.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah bulatan ADBC berpusat di O dan berjejari 12 cm dan sektor ADC
dengan pusat A dan jejari AD.
D
O
B A
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Given that AD = AC = 10 cm .
Diberi bahawa AD = AC = 10 cm.
Find / Cari
Use/ Guna 3.142
(a) BAC , in radian ,
BAC , dalam radian.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b) the length of arc DC,
panjang lengkok DC,
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) the area of a shaded region.
luas kawasan berlorek.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
24
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
(ii) Solving simultaneous equations means finding the values of x and corresponding y which satisfy BOTH the equations.
SKILL 2
SKILL 1 SKILL 3
Expansion Of Algebraic Equation To Get Quadratic
Changing The Subject Of Solving Quadratic Equations
Equation Ax2+Bx+C=0
The Formula ax2+bx + c = 0
Examples Examples
Examples
1 (2 + x)2 =1 7 3x( 3 2x = 0
1 3x + y = 6 y= 1 By factorization
Solve
2 (4x - 5)2 =2 8 (x 4 )(2x) =x+2 x2 3x 10= 0
2 2x y = 3 y=
(x + 2)(x 5) = 0
3 (3 2x)2=0 9 (x + 1)(2x 3) =3 x = -2, x = 5
3 x
3y 9 x =
2
4 1 2x
2 10 (2x 3 )(2x + 3) = 1 2 By using formula
2x 3y = 2 0
b b2 4ac
4 x = 3
5 2
11 x
5 3x 2 1 2a
5 7x 2y = 5 x =
3
2 2 Solve 2x2 8x + 7 = 0
3x 3 3x
( 8 ) ( 8 )2 4( 2 )( 7 )
6 y= 6 3x 4
2
12 2 x
x y
1 1 1 3x 3x 2( 2 )
2 3 4x =0
2 3 2 2 = 2.707 or 1.293
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
The diagram shows a rectangular-shaped landscape painting. Given the area and perimeter of the
landscape painting are 1200 cm2 and 140 cm respectively. Find the length and breadth of the landscape
painting.
Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah lukisan berbentuk segiempat tepat. Diberi luas dan perimeter
bagi lukisan tersebut adalah 1200 cm2 dan 140 cm masing-masing. Cari panjang dan lebar bagi
lukisan tersebut.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
25
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Find the length and width of a rectangle with a perimeter of 18 m and the square of its diagonal is
48.5 m.
Cari ukuran panjang dan lebar sebuah segiempat tepat yang perimeternya 18 m dan kuasa dua
panjang perpenjurunya adalah 48.5 m.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
3y cm
x cm
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Pak Ali wants to cut the plank into two triangular planks. The perimeter of each triangular plank is
24 cm and the measurement of the longest side of the triangle is x y cm. Calculate the area, in
cm2, of the plank.
Pak Ali ingin memotong papan itu kepada dua keping papan berbentuk segi tiga. Perimeter setiap
segi tiga ialah 24 cm dan ukuran sisi terpanjang segi tiga itu ialah x y cm. Hitung luas, dalam
cm2, papan itu.
[7 marks]
[7 markah]
26
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 4 shows an isosceles triangle PQR and a rectangle PRST. The perimeter of the diagram is
22 cm and its area is 30 cm2.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan sebuah segitiga sama kaki PQR dan sebuah segiempat tepat PSRT. Perimeter
rajah itu ialah 22 cm dan luasnya ialah 30 cm2.
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
27
5 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
Diagram 5 shows an equilateral triangle ABE and right angle triangle ADC. AB = BE = AD = x cm
and AE = 2DC = y cm. Given the perimeter and the area of a triangle ABE is 10 cm and 13 cm2
respectively and the area of a shaded region is 11 cm2. Calculate the values of AB and BE.
Rajah 5 di bawah menunjukkan segitiga sama kaki ABE dan ADC adalah segitiga bersudut tepat di
D. AB = BE = AD = x cm dan AE = 2DC = y cm. Diberi perimeter dan luas segitiga ABE adalah
10 cm dan 13 cm2 masing-masing dan luas kawasan berlorek adalah 11 cm2. Hitungkan nilai-nilai
yang mungkin bagi AB dan BE.
[7 marks]
[7 markah]
6 Find the coordinates of points of intersection between the line 2y x = 1 and the curve
xy + x2 = 26.
Cari koordinat titik-titik persilangan antara garis lurus 2y x = 1 dan lengkung
xy + x2 = 26.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
28
SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLES
B B B
c c
c a a a
A C A C A
b C
b b
C C
i) Use Pythagoras Theorem
Use Sine Rule Use Cosine Rule
to find side
a b c i) When given two sides
sin A sin B sin C and one included angle
c2 a2 b2
OR a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A ii) Use Trigonometric Ratios
(SOH,CAH, TOA)
sin A sin B sin C
a b c To find side or angle
ii) When given three sides a
when given sin A
c
b2 c2 a 2 b
i) two angles and one sides cos A cos A
2bc c
ii) two sides and one non- a
tan A
included angle. b
Areas Of Triangles
1
i) When base (b)and height are given , use : A base height .
2
1
ii) When two sides and one included angle are given , use: A ab Sin C
2
Ambiguous Case will occur when Problems Involving Three Dimensional Objects
48
64
L N
O
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Diagram 1 shows a triangle LMN with O as the midpoint of LN and LO = 9.5 cm. Calculate
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah segitiga LMN dengan O adalah titik tengah bagi LN dan LO = 9.5
cm. Kira
29
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
7 cm
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
30
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 3 shows two triangles, PQT and QRS. PQT is an isosceles triangle.
Given that PT = 40 cm , PQ = QR, QT = 3 QS, TPQ = 50o and SQR = 100o. PQR and QST are
straight lines.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua segitiga, PQT dan QRS. PQT ialah segi tiga sama kaki.
Diberi PT = 40 cm , PQ = QR, QT = 3 QS, TPQ = 50o dan SQR = 100o.
40 cm
S
50o 100o
P Q R
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a) Find,
Carikan,
(i) the length of QT,
panjang QT,
31
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
7cm
4.72cm
4.72cm
38.2o
B D C
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(c) By using an acute angle DEC ,calculate the area in cm2 of quadrilateral ADEC
Dengan menggunakan sudut tirus DEC , hitung luas dalam cm2 luas sisi empat ADEC.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
32
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
970
C 250250
E B
1500
D
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(b) (i) Sketch a triangle A ' B ' C ' which has a different shape of ABC such that
A ' C ' AC , A ' B ' AB and A ' B ' C ' ABC .
Lakarkan sebuah segitiga A ' B ' C ' yang mempunyai bentuk yang berbeza
daripada ABC dengan keadaan A ' C ' AC , A ' B ' AB dan
A ' B ' C ' ABC .
33
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 3 shows a quadrilateral ABCDE such that BCD is a straight line. Given that ACB is
an obtuse angle and the area of the ADE = 20cm2.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah sisi empat ABCDE dengan keadaan BCD adalah satu garis lurus.
Diberi bahawa ACB adalah cakah dan luas ADE = 20cm2.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
34
LINEAR LAW
BASIC CONCEPT
To establish a relationship between variables, the corresponding values of the variables are
measured under different situations and the results are plotted as a graph.
If a straight line graph is obtained, then we say the variables obey the linear law.
Otherwise, the relation is said to be non-linear.
BASIC SKILLS
Obtaining information
44
SLOT 6
LINEAR LAW // HUKUM LINEAR
1 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
Diagram 1/ Rajah 1
xy (a) Express y in terms of x.
10 1/x
Ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x.
O (b) Hence, find the value of y when x = 1/5
Seterusnya, cari nilaiy apabila x = 1/5
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
-6
O
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
35
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Table 1 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x and y
b
are related by the equation y a x , where a and b are constants.
x
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nilai nilai bagi dua pembolehubah, x dan y yang diperoleh daripada satu
b
eksperimen. Pembolehubah x dan y dihubungkan oleh persamaan y a x , dimana a dan b
x
adalah pemalar.
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Plot y x against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 0.2 unit on the x -axis and 2 cm to 0.2 units
on the y x -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
Plot y x melawan x, menggunakan skala 2 cm kepada 0.2 unit pada paksi x dan 2 cm
kepada 0.2 unit pada paksi y x . Seterusnya, lukis garis penyuaian terbaik.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
36
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
2 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
Diagram 2 shows the straight line graph obtained by
log 5 y plotting log 5 against log 5 .
(3,7) The variables x and y are related by the equation
= where a and n are constants. Find the value
of a and n.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf 5 melawan 5 .
Pemboleh-pemboleh ubah x dan y dihubungkan oleh
persamaan y = dengan keadaan a dan n ialah
(1,1) pemalar. Cari nilai a dan nilai n.
log 5 x
O
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
37
3 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
4 PAPER 1/ KERTAS 1
y
The variables, x and y are related by the equation x2y = 6x - 8x2.
1/x Diagram 4 shows the straight line GH obtained by plotting y
O 1
G against
Pemboleh ubah x dan y dihubungkan oleh persamaan x2y =
6x- 8x2. Rajah 6 menunjukkan garis lurus GH yang diperoleh
1
dengan memplot y melawan
Diagram 4
Rajah 4 (a) Express the equation x2y = 6x- 8x2 in the linear form used
H
to obtain the straight line graph shown in Diagram 4
Ungkapkan persamaan x2y = 6x - 8x2 dalam bentuk linear
yang digunakan untuk memperoleh graf garis lurus seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4
38
5 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Table 5 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x and y
are related by the equation xy ax 2 bx, where a and b are constants.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan nilai nilai bagi dua pembolehubah, x dan y yang diperoleh daripada satu
eksperimen. Pembolehubah x dan y dihubungkan oleh persamaan xy ax 2 bx, dimana a dan b
adalah pemalar.
Table 5
Jadual 5
y 1 1
(a) Plot against , using a scale of 2 cm to 0.2 unit on the -axis and 2 cm to 0.5 units
x x x
y
on the -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
x
y 1 1
Plot melawan , menggunakan skala 2 cm kepada 0.2 unit pada paksi dan 2 cm
x x x
y
kepada 0.2 unit pada paksi . Seterusnya, lukis garis penyuaian terbaik.
x
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
39
6 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Table 1 shows some values of two variables, x and y, obtained from an experiment. Variables x and
y are related by the equation = 2 where n and k are constants.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan beberapa nilai bagi dua pemboleh ubah, x dan y, yang diperoleh melalui suatu
eksperimen. Pemboleh ubah x dan y dihubungkan oleh persamaan, = 2 dengan keadaan n dan
k ialah pemalar.
(a) Based on Table 1, construct a table for the values of nilai log10 and log10
Berdasarkan Jadual 7, bina satu jadual bagi nilai-nilai log10 dan log10
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Plot log10 against log10 with a scale of 2 cm to 0.1 unit on both axes. Hence, draw the
line of best fit.
Plot 10 melawan 10 dengan menggunakan skala 2 cm kepada 0.1 unit pada
kedua-dua paksi. Seterusnya, lukis garis penyesuaian terbaik.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c) Using the graph in 9(b), find the value of
Menggunakan graf di 9(b), cari nilai bagi
40
INDEX NUMBER
4
BASIC CONCEPT DISCUSS
1) The index number of the year
1. The table shows the price of 3 types of goods: A, B and C
5) The price of a flate in Taman Rasa Sayang in the
2004 based on the year 2001. in the year 2005 and 2006. year 2008 is RM 82 500. The price index of the flat in the
year 2006 and 2008 based on the year 2004 is 130 and 165
Q2004 Types Price Price index in 2006
I 2004 100 respectively. Find the price of the flat in the year 2006 .
Q2001 of 2005 2006 (Base year = 2005)
2001
good
6) .Table shows the price indices and percentage usages of four
A RM 1.20 RM 1.60 z
items, P, Q, R and S, which are the ain ingredients in the
B x RM 2.30 110 production of a type of biscuits.
2) The composite index
C RM 0.60 y 102 Price index in Change of price
the year 2010 index from the year Percentage
I
IW Item based on the 2010 to the year
Find the value of x, y and z.
W year 2008 2012
2001 2003 2005 Index number, I 120 110 105 R 125 Unchanged 15
Weightage, W 3 4 3
x y S 150 Decreased by 10% 15
3. In the year 1995, the price for one kilogram of a certain a) Calculate the cost of item P in the year 2008 if its cost in the
z grade of rice is RM2.40. year 2010 is RM180. [2 marks]
Given that its price index for the year 1995 based on the
(b) Calculate
year 1990 is 160 .Calculate the price per kilogram of the
xy
z rice in the year 1990. (i) the composite index of the cost of making these biscuits. in the
100 year 2010 based on the year 2008. [3 marks]
where x I 03 , (indexno.of 2003 based on 2001) 4) The composite index for the production cost of a certain type (ii) the production cost of the badminton racket in the year 2010 if
of toys in the year 2006 based on the year 2004 is 130. The
01 productions cost of the toys then increases by 20% from the its corresponding production cost in the year 2008 is RM400.
y I 05 , (indexno.of 2005 based on 2003) year 2006 to the year 2008.
[2 marks]
03 Calculate the composite index of the productions cost of the (c) Find the composite index in the year 2012 based on the year
and z I 05 , (indexno.of 2005based on 2001) toys for the year 2008 based on the year 2004. 2008. [3 marks]
01
SLOT 7
NUMBER INDEX // NOMBOR INDEKS
1 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Diagram 1 shows a bar chart indicating the weekly expenditure of the items P, Q, R, S and T for the year
2009. Table 12 shows the prices and the price indices for the items.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan carta palang bagi perbelanjaan mingguan untuk barangan P, Q, R, S dan T pada
tahun 2009. Jadual 12 menunjukkan harga dan indeks harga barangan tersebut.
Weekly Expenditure (RM)
Perbelanjaan Mingguan (RM)
12
11
Items
Barangan
P Q R S T
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
41
(a) Find the value of
Cari nilai bagi
(i) x,
(ii) y,
(iii) z.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b) Calculate the price index for the items in the year 2009 based on the year 2007.
Hitungkan indeks harga bagi barangan pada tahun 2009 berasaskan tahun 2007.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c) The total monthly expenditure of items in the year 2007 was RM 22 500. Calculate the
corresponding total monthly expenditure for the year 2009.
Jumlah perbelanjaan bulanan bagi barangan pada tahun 2007 adalah RM 22 500.
Hitungkan jumlah perbelanjaan bulanan yang sepadan pada tahun 2009.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) The cost of the item increases by 5% from the year 2009 to the year 2011. Find the
composite index for the year 2011 based on the year 2007.
Kos barangan tersebut meningjat sebanyak 5% dari tahun 2009 ke tahun 2011. Cari indeks
gubahan untukl tahun 2011 berasaskan tahun 2007.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
42
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Table 2 shows the prices and the price indices of four ingredients, A, B, C and D used to make a type of
cake. Diagram 2 shows a pie chart which represents the relative quantity of the ingredients used.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan harga dan indeks harga bagi empat bahan, A, B, C dan D, yang digunakan untuk
menghasilkan sejenis kek. Rajah 2 menunjukkan carta pai yang mewakili kuantiti relatif bagi
penggunaan bahan-bahan itu.
Table 2
Jadual 2
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
[4 marks/ 4 markah]
43
3 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Table 3 shows the prices, the price indices and weightages of four ingredients A, B, C and D used in the
making a kind of ice cream.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan harga, indeks harga dan pemberat bagi empat bahan A, B, C dan D yang
digunakan untuk membuat sejenis ais krim.
Price (RM) for the year Price index for the year 2012
Ingredient Harga (RM) pada tahun based on the year 2010 Weightage
Bahan Indeks harga pada tahun 2012 Pemberat
2010 2012
berasaskan tahun 2010
A RM1.25 RM1.40 112 400
B p RM2.00 125 200
C RM1.00 q 110 150
D RM0.75 RM1.20 r 250
Table 3
Jadual 3
(c) The cost of making a packet of the ice cream in the year 2010 is RM4.00. Calculate the
corresponding cost in the year 2012.
Kos untuk membuat satu paket ais krim dalam tahun 2010 ialah RM4.00. Hitung kos yang
sepadan dalam tahun 2012.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) If the cost all of the ingredients in the year 2013 are expected increases by 20% from the year
2012. Find the composite index for the year 2013 based on the year 2010.
Jika kos semua bahan pada tahun 2013 dijangka meningkat sebanyak 20% dari tahun 2012.
Cari indeks gubahan pada tahun 2013 berasaskan tahun 2010.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
44
ENRICHMENT // PENGUKUHAN
1 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Table 14 shows the price and the price indices of 4 components used in the production of an electric
kettle.
Jadual 14 menunjukkan harga dan indeks harga bagi 4 komponen yang digunakan dalam
pengeluaran suatu cerek elektrik.
(a) The price of component C in the year 2005 and 2007 are RM 2.40 and RM 2.88
respectively. Find the value of h.
Harga komponen C pada tahun 2005 dan 2007 ialah RM 2.40 dan RM 2.88 masing-masing.
Cari nilai h.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(b) The price index of component B in the year 2007 based on the year 2003 is 123.9. Find
the price index of component B in the year 2005 based on the year 2003.
Indeks harga bagi komponen Bpada tahun 2007 berasaskan tahun 2003 ialah 123.9. Cari
indeks harga bagi komponen B pada tahun 2005 berasaskan tahun 2003.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(c) The composite index for the cost of production of an electric kettle in the year 2007 based
on the year 2003 is 116.8.
Indeks komposit bagi kos pengeluaran sebuah cerek elektrikpada tahun 2007 berasaskan
tahun 2005 ialah 116.8.
(i) Calculate the value of k.
Hitung nilai k.
(ii) If the price of an electric kettle in the year 2005 is RM 35, find its price in the year
2007.
Jika harga sebuah cerek elektrik pada tahun 2005 ialah RM 35, cari harganya
pada tahun 2007.
[4 marks/ 4 markah]
(d) If the price of all the components increase by 30%, find the composite index for the
cost of production in the year 2009 based on the year 2005.
Jika harga semua komponen meningkat sebanyak 30%, cari indeks komposit bagi
kos pengeluaran pada tahun 2009 berasaskan tahun 2005.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
45
2 PAPER 2/ KERTAS 2
Table 2 shows the price indices, change in price indices and weightages of four items, E, F, G and H
used in making a type of shoes.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan indeks harga, perubahan indeks harga dan pemberat bagi empat bahan E, F,
G dan H yang digunakan untuk membuat sejenis kasut.
Item Price index for the year Change in price index from Weightage
Bahan 2012 the year 2012 to 2014 Pemberat
based on the year 2010 Perubahan indeks harga
Indeks harga pada tahun dari tahun 2012 ke tahun
2012 berasaskan tahun 2014
2010
8% decrease
E 125 5
Menyusut 8%
No change
F k 2
Tidak berubah
No change
G 140 9
Tidak berubah
15% increase
H 108 4
Menokok 15%
Table 2
Jadual 2
(ii) the price of item H in the year 2012 if its price in the year 2014 is RM 3.68.
harga item H pada tahun 2012 jika harganya pada tahun 2014 ialah RM 3.68.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(b) The composite index for the cost of making a pair of shoes in the year 2012 based on the
year 2010 is 127.05. Calculate the value of k.
Indeks gubahan bagi kos membuat sepasang kasut pada tahun 2012 berasaskan tahun 2010
ialah 127.05. Hitung nilai k.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(c) Hence, calculate the cost of making a pair of shoes in the year 2014 based on the year 2010.
Seterusnya, hitung kos membuat sepasang kasut pada tahun 2014 berasaskan tahun 2010.
[3 marks/ 3 markah]
(d) Calculate the cost of making a pair of shoes in the year 2014 if its corresponding cost in the
year 2010 is RM 35.00.
Hitung kos membuat sepasang kasut tersebut pada tahun 2014 jika kos sepadannya pada
tahun 2010 ialah RM 35.00.
[3 marks/ 3 markah]
46
ANSWERS ENRICHMENT // JAWAPAN PENGUKUHAN
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS // PERSAMAAN KUADRATIK
1 x 2 11x 2 0 4 (a) 3 x 2 5 x 2 0
2
(b)
3
(c) Dua punca berbeza
2 8 5 2 , p 4
P= ,2
9
3 m = -9, n = 5 6 h 8
3 k=-9 6 (a) f ( x) 3( x 2) 2 6
(b) Maximum point (2, 6)
(c) f(x)
(2, 6)
O x
-6
(d) m = 6
47
COORDINATE GEOMETRY // GEOMETRI KOORDINAT
1 1 3 (a) p = -4 , q = 17
(a) y x6
4 11 65
(b) y x
4 2
(b) S (8, 4)
(c) 18.09 unit2
2
(c) 17 unit
(d) R (6, 13)
2 4 16
(a) y x
3 3
3 7
(b) y x
4 6
48
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES // PENYELESAIAN SEGITIGA
1
(a) DC = 3.76 cm
(b) CED = 68.12 , 111.68
(c) Luas ADEC = 12.72 cm
2 (a) (i) BC = 14.33 cm
(ii) CE = 4.16 cm
(iii) Area = 37.07 cm2
(b) (i)
A
C C B
49
INDEX NUMBER // NOMBOR INDEKS
1 (a) 120
(b) 118
(c) (i) k=4
(ii) RM40.88
(d) 151.84
2 (a) (i) 7.75
(ii) 3.20
(b) 112
(c) 133.4
(d) 46.69
50