Chapter5

DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

LearningObjectives

1. Understandtheconceptsofarandomvariableandaprobabilitydistribution.

2. Beabletodistinguishbetweendiscreteandcontinuousrandomvariables.

3. Beabletocomputeandinterprettheexpectedvalue,variance,andstandarddeviationforadiscrete
randomvariable.

4. Beabletocomputeandworkwithprobabilitiesinvolvingabinomialprobabilitydistribution.

5. BeabletocomputeandworkwithprobabilitiesinvolvingaPoissonprobabilitydistribution.

6. Knowwhenandhowtousethehypergeometricprobabilitydistribution.

51
Chapter5

Solutions:

1. a. Head,Head(H,H)
Head,Tail(H,T)
Tail,Head(T,H)
Tail,Tail(T,T)

b. x=numberofheadsontwocointosses

c.
Outcome Values of x
(H,H) 2
(H,T) 1
(T,H) 1
(T,T) 0

d. Discrete.Itmayassume3values:0,1,and2.

2. a. Letx=time(inminutes)toassembletheproduct.

b. Itmayassumeanypositivevalue:x>0.

c. Continuous

3. Let Y=positionisoffered
N=positionisnotoffered

a. S={(Y,Y,Y),(Y,Y,N),(Y,N,Y),(Y,N,N),(N,Y,Y),(N,Y,N),(N,N,Y),(N,N,N)}

b. LetN=numberofoffersmade;Nisadiscreterandomvariable.

c.

Experimental Outcome (Y,Y,Y) (Y,Y,N) (Y,N,Y) (Y,N,N) (N,Y,Y) (N,Y,N) (N,N,Y) (N,N,N)
Value of N 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 0

4. x=0,1,2,...,12.

5. a. S={(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3)}

b.

Experimental Outcome (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,1) (2,2) (2,3)

Number of Steps Required 2 3 4 3 4 5

6. a. values: 0,1,2,...,20
discrete

b. values: 0,1,2,...

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 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

discrete

c. values: 0,1,2,...,50
discrete
d. values: 0x8
continuous

e. values: x>0
continuous

7. a. f(x)0forallvaluesofx.

f(x)=1Therefore,itisaproperprobabilitydistribution.

b. Probabilityx=30isf(30)=.25

c. Probabilityx25isf(20)+f(25)=.20+.15=.35

d. Probabilityx>30isf(35)=.40

8. a.
x f (x)
1 3/20 = .15
2 5/20 = .25
3 8/20 = .40
4 4/20 = .20
Total 1.00

b.
f(x)
.4

.3

.2

.1

x
1 2 3 4
c. f(x)0forx=1,2,3,4.

f(x)=1

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Chapter5

9. a.
Age NumberofChildren f(x)
6 37,369 0.018
7 87,436 0.043
8 160,840 0.080
9 239,719 0.119
10 286,719 0.142
11 306,533 0.152
12 310,787 0.154
13 302,604 0.150
14 289,168 0.143
2,021,175 1.001

b.

f(x)

.16
.14
.12
.10
.08
.06
.04
.02

x
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

c. f(x)0foreveryx

f(x)=1

Note:f(x)=1.001inpart(a);differencefrom1isduetoroundingvaluesoff(x).

10. a.
x f(x)
1 0.05
2 0.09
3 0.03
4 0.42
5 0.41
1.00

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 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

b.
x f(x)
1 0.04
2 0.10
3 0.12
4 0.46
5 0.28
1.00

c. P(4or5)=f(4)+f(5)=0.42+0.41=0.83

d. Probabilityofverysatisfied:0.28

e. Seniorexecutivesappeartobemoresatisfiedthanmiddlemanagers.83%ofseniorexecutiveshave
ascoreof4or5with41%reportinga5.Only28%ofmiddlemanagersreportbeingverysatisfied.

11. a.
DurationofCall
x f(x)
1 0.25
2 0.25
3 0.25
4 0.25
1.00
b.

f(x)
0.30

0.20

0.10

x
0 1 2 3 4

c. f(x)0andf(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)=0.25+0.25+0.25+0.25=1.00

d. f(3)=0.25

e. P(overtime)=f(3)+f(4)=0.25+0.25=0.50

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Chapter5

12. a. Yes;f(x)0forallxandf(x)=.15+.20+.30+.25+.10=1

b. P(1200orless) =f(1000)+f(1100)+f(1200)

=.15+.20+.30=.65

13. a. Yes,sincef(x)0forx=1,2,3andf(x)=f(1)+f(2)+f(3)=1/6+2/6+3/6=1

b. f(2)=2/6=.333

c. f(2)+f(3)=2/6+3/6=.833

14. a. f(200) =1f(100)f(0)f(50)f(100)f(150)

=1.95=.05

ThisistheprobabilityMRAwillhavea$200,000profit.

b. P(Profit) =f(50)+f(100)+f(150)+f(200)

=.30+.25+.10+.05=.70

c. P(atleast100) =f(100)+f(150)+f(200)

=.25+.10+.05=.40

15. a.
x f (x) x f (x)
3 .25 .75
6 .50 3.00
9 .25 2.25
1.00 6.00

E(x)==6.00

b.
x x (x)2 f(x) (x)2f(x)
3 3 9 .25 2.25
6 0 0 .50 0.00
9 3 9 .25 2.25
4.50
Var(x)=2=4.50

c. = 4.50 =2.12

16. a.
y f (y) y f (y)
2 .20 .40
4 .30 1.20
7 .40 2.80
8 .10 .80

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 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

1.00 5.20
E(y)==5.20

b.
y y (y)2 f(y) (y)2f(y)
2 3.20 10.24 .20 2.048
4 1.20 1.44 .30 .432
7 1.80 3.24 .40 1.296
8 2.80 7.84 .10 .784

4.560

Var ( y ) 4.56
4.56 2.14

17. a/b.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
0 .10 .00 2.45 6.0025 .600250
1 .15 .15 1.45 2.1025 .315375
2 .30 .60 .45 .2025 .060750
3 .20 .60 .55 .3025 .060500
4 .15 .60 1.55 2.4025 .360375
5 .10 .50 2.55 6.5025 .650250
2.45 2.047500

E(x) ==2.45
2 =2.0475
=1.4309

18. a/b.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
0 0.04 0.00 1.84 3.39 0.12
1 0.34 0.34 0.84 0.71 0.24
2 0.41 0.82 0.16 0.02 0.01
3 0.18 0.53 1.16 1.34 0.24
4 0.04 0.15 2.16 4.66 0.17
Total 1.00 1.84 0.79

E(x) Var(x)

c/d.
y f(y) yf(y) y (y)2 (y)2f(y)
0 0.00 0.00 2.93 8.58 0.01
1 0.03 0.03 1.93 3.72 0.12
2 0.23 0.45 0.93 0.86 0.20
3 0.52 1.55 0.07 0.01 0.00
4 0.22 0.90 1.07 1.15 0.26
Total 1.00 2.93 0.59

E(y) Var(y)

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Chapter5

e. Thenumberofbedroomsinowneroccupiedhousesisgreaterthaninrenteroccupiedhouses.The
expectednumberofbedroomsis1.09=2.931.84greater.And,thevariabilityinthenumberof
bedroomsislessfortheowneroccupiedhouses.

19. a. E(x)=xf(x)=0(.50)+2(.50)=1.00

b. E(x)=xf(x)=0(.61)+3(.39)=1.17

c. Theexpectedvalueofa3pointshotishigher.So,iftheseprobabilitiesholdup,theteamwill
makemorepointsinthelongrunwiththe3pointshot.

20. a.
x f (x) x f (x)
0 .90 0.00
400 .04 16.00
1000 .03 30.00
2000 .01 20.00
4000 .01 40.00
6000 .01 60.00
1.00 166.00

E(x)=166.Ifthecompanychargedapremiumof$166.00theywouldbreakeven.

b.
Gain to Policy Holder f (Gain) (Gain) f (Gain)
-260.00 .90 -234.00
140.00 .04 5.60
740.00 .03 22.20
1,740.00 .01 17.40
3,740.00 .01 37.40
5,740.00 .01 57.40
-94.00

E(gain)=94.00.Thepolicyholderismoreconcernedthatthebigaccidentwillbreakhimthan
withtheexpectedannuallossof$94.00.

21. a. E(x) =xf(x) =0.05(1)+0.09(2)+0.03(3)+0.42(4)+0.41(5)=4.05

b. E(x) =xf(x) =0.04(1)+0.10(2)+0.12(3)+0.46(4)+0.28(5)=3.84

c. Executives: 2 = (x)2f(x)=1.2475

MiddleManagers:2 = (x)2f(x)=1.1344

d. Executives: =1.1169

MiddleManagers: =1.0651

e. Theseniorexecutiveshaveahigheraveragescore:4.05vs.3.84forthemiddlemanagers.The
executivesalsohaveaslightlyhigherstandarddeviation.

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 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

22. a. E(x) =xf(x)=300(.20)+400(.30)+500(.35)+600(.15)=445

Themonthlyorderquantityshouldbe445units.

b. Cost: 445@$50 = $22,250

Revenue: 300@$70 = 21,000
$1,250Loss
23. a. Laptop:E(x)=.47(0)+.45(1)+.06(2)+.02(3)=.63

Desktop:E(x)=.06(0)+.56(1)+.28(2)+.10(3)=1.42

b. Laptop:Var(x)=.47(.63)2+.45(.37)2+.06(1.37)2+.02(2.37)2=.4731

Desktop:Var(x)=.06(1.42)2+.56(.42)2+.28(.58)2+.10(1.58)2=.5636

c. Fromtheexpectedvaluesinpart(a),itisclearthatthetypicalsubscriberhasmoredesktop
computersthanlaptops.Thereisnotmuchdifferenceinthevariancesforthetwotypesof
computers.

24. a. MediumE(x) =xf(x)

=50(.20)+150(.50)+200(.30)=145

Large: E(x) =xf(x)

=0(.20)+100(.50)+300(.30)=140

Mediumpreferred.

b.
Medium
x f(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
50 .20 95 9025 1805.0
150 .50 5 25 12.5
200 .30 55 3025 907.5

2 = 2725.0

Large
y f(y) y (y)2 (y)2f(y)
0 .20 140 19600 3920
100 .50 40 1600 800
300 .30 160 25600 7680
2=12,400

Mediumpreferredduetolessvariance.

25. a.

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Chapter5

S F

F
S

2 2!
b. f (1) (.4)1 (.6)1 (.4)(.6) .48
1 1!1!

2 2!
c. f (0) (.4)0 (.6) 2 (1)(.36) .36
0
0!2!

2 2!
d. f (2) (.4) 2 (.6)0 (.16)(1) .16
2
2!0!

e. P(x1)=f(1)+f(2)=.48+.16=.64

f. E(x)=np=2(.4)=.8

Var(x)=np(1p)=2(.4)(.6)=.48

= .48 =.6928

26. a. f(0)=.3487

b. f(2)=.1937

c. P(x2)=f(0)+f(1)+f(2)=.3487+.3874+.1937=.9298

d. P(x1)=1f(0)=1.3487=.6513

e. E(x)=np=10(.1)=1

f. Var(x)=np(1p)=10(.1)(.9)=.9

= .9 =.9487

27. a. f(12)=.1144

b. f(16)=.1304

c. P(x16) =f(16)+f(17)+f(18)+f(19)+f(20)

=.1304+.0716+.0278+.0068+.0008=.2374

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 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

d. P(x15)=1P(x16)=1.2374=.7626

e. E(x)=np=20(.7)=14

f. Var(x)=np(1p)=20(.7)(.3)=4.2

= 4.2 =2.0494

6
28. a. f (2) (.33) 2 (.67) 4 .3292
2

b. P(atleast2) =1f(0)f(1)

6 6
= 1 (.33) (.67) (.33) (.67)
0 6 1 5

0
1

= 1.0905.2673=.6422

10
c. f (0) (.33) 0 (.67)10 .0182
0

29. P(AtLeast5) =1f(0)f(1)f(2)f(3)f(4)

=1.0000.0005.0031.0123.0350=.9491

30. a. Probabilityofadefectivepartbeingproducedmustbe.03foreachpartselected;partsmustbe
selectedindependently.

b. Let: D=defective
G=notdefective
Experimental Number
1st part 2nd part Outcome Defective
D (D, D) 2

D G
(D, G) 1 .

G
D (G, D) 1

G
(G, G) 0

c. 2outcomesresultinexactlyonedefect.

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Chapter5

d. P(nodefects)=(.97)(.97)=.9409

P(1defect)=2(.03)(.97)=.0582

P(2defects)=(.03)(.03)=.0009

31. Binomialn=10andp=.09

10!
f ( x) (.09) x (.91)10 x
x !(10 x )!

a. Yes.Sincetheyareselectedrandomly,pisthesamefromtrialtotrialandthetrialsare
independent.

b. f(2)=.1714
c. f(0)=.3894

d. 1f(0)f(1)f(2)=1(.3894+.3851+.1714)=.0541

32. a. .90

b. P(atleast1)=f(1)+f(2)

f(1)= 2! (.9) (.1)

1 1

1!1!
=2(.9)(.1)=.18

f(2)= 2! (.9) (.1)

2 0

2!0!
=1(.81)(1)=.81
P(atleast1)=.18+.81=.99

Alternatively

P(atleast1)=1f(0)

f(0)= 2! (.9) (.1) =.01

0 2

0!2!
Therefore,P(atleast1)=1.01=.99

c. P(atleast1)=1f(0)

f(0)= 3! (.9) (.1) =.001

0 3

0!3!
Therefore,P(atleast1)=1.001=.999

d. Yes;P(atleast1)becomesverycloseto1withmultiplesystemsandtheinabilitytodetectan
attackwouldbecatastrophic.

512
 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

20!
33. a. f(12)= (.5)12 (.5)8
12!8!

Usingthebinomialtables,f(12)=.0708

b. f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)+f(5)

.0000+.0000+.0002+.0011+.0046+.0148=.0207

c. E(x)=np=20(.5)=10

d. Var(x)=2=np(1p)=20(.5)(.5)=5

= 5 =2.24

34. a. f(3)=.0634(fromtables)

b. Theanswerhereisthesameaspart(a).Theprobabilityof12failureswithp=.60isthesameas
theprobabilityof3successeswithp=.40.

c. f(3)+f(4)++f(15) = 1f(0)f(1)f(2)
= 1.0005.0047.0219
=.9729

35. a. f(0)+f(1)+f(2)=.0115+.0576+.1369=.2060

b. f(4)=.2182

c. 1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)]=1.2060.2054=.5886

d. =np=20(.20)=4

36.
x f(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
0 .343 .9 .81 .27783
1 .441 .1 .01 .00441
2 .189 1.1 1.21 .22869
3 .027 2.1 4.41 .11907
1.000 =.63000
2

37. E(x)=np=30(.49)=14.7
Var(x)=np(1p)=30(.49)(.51)=7.497
= 7.497 =2.738

3x e 3
38. a. f ( x)
x!

513
Chapter5

32 e 3 9(.0498)
b. f (2) .2241
2! 2

31 e 3
c. f (1) 3(.0498) .1494
1!

d. P(x2)=1f(0)f(1)=1.0498.1494=.8008

2 x e 2
39. a. f ( x)
x!

b. =6for3timeperiods

6 x e 6
c. f ( x)
x!

22 e 2 4(.1353)
d. f (2) .2706
2! 2

66 e 6
e. f (6) .1606
6!

4 5 e 4
f. f (5) .1563
5!

40. a. =48(5/60)=4
3 4

f(3)= 4 e = (64)(.0183) =.1952

3! 6

b. =48(15/60)=12
10 12

f(10)= 12 e =.1048
10!

c. =48(5/60)=4Iexpect4callerstobewaitingafter5minutes.
0 4

f(0)= 4 e =.0183
0!

Theprobabilitynonewillbewaitingafter5minutesis.0183.

d. =48(3/60)=2.4
0 2.4

f(0)= 2.4 e =.0907

0!

Theprobabilityofnointerruptionsin3minutesis.0907.

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 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

41. a. 30perhour

b. =1(5/2)=5/2

(5 / 2)3 e (5 / 2)
f (3) .2138
3!

(5 / 2)0 e (5 / 2)
c. f (0) e (5 / 2) .0821
0!

7 0 e 7
42. a. f (0) e 7 .0009
0!

b. probability=1[f(0)+f(1)]

71 e 7
f (1) 7e 7 .0064
1!

probability=1[.0009+.0064]=.9927

c. =3.5

3.50 e 3.5
f (0) e3.5 .0302
0!

probability=1f(0)=1.0302=.9698

d. probability =1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)]

=1[.0009+.0064+.0223+.0521+.0912]=.8271

Note:ThePoissontableswereusedtocomputethePoissonprobabilitiesf(0),f(1),f(2),f(3)andf(4)
inpart(d).

100 e 10
43. a. f (0) e 10 .000045
0!

b. f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)

f(0)=.000045(parta)

101 e10
f (1) .00045
1!

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Chapter5

Similarly,f(2)=.00225,f(3)=.0075

andf(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)=.010245

c. 2.5arrivals/15sec.periodUse=2.5

2.50 e 2.5
f (0) .0821
0!

d. 1f(0)=1.0821=.9179

44. Poissondistributionapplies

a. =1.25permonth

1.250 e 1.25
b. f (0) 0.2865
0!
1.251 e 1.25
c. f (1) 0.3581
1!

d. P(Morethan1)=1f(0)f(1)=10.28650.3581=0.3554

18
45. a. averagepermonth= 1.5
12

1.50 e 1.5
b. f (0) e 1.5 .2231
0!

c. probability =1[f(0)+f(1)]

=1[.2231+.3347]=.4422

3 10 3 3! 7!

1 4 1 1!2!
3!4! (3)(35) .50
46. a. f (1)
10 10! 210
4!6!
4

3 10 3

2 2 2 (3)(1)
b. f (2) .067
10 45

2

3 10 3

0 2 0 (1)(21)
c. f (0) .4667
10 45

2

516
 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

3 10 3

2 4 2 (3)(21)
d. f (2) .30
10 210

4
4 15 4

3 10 3 (4)(330)
47. f (3) .4396
15 3003

10

48. HypergeometricwithN=10andr=6

6 4

2 1 (15)(4)
a. f (2) .50
10 120

3

b. Mustbe0or1preferCokeClassic.

6 4

1 2 (6)(6)
f (1) .30
10 120

3

6 4

0 3 (1)(4)
f (0) .0333
10 120

3

P(MajorityPepsi)=f(1)+f(0)=.3333

49. Partsa,b&cinvolvethehypergeometricdistributionwithN=52andn=2

a. r=20,x=2

20 32

2 0 (190)(1)
f (2) .1433
52 1326

2

b. r=4,x=2

4 48

2 0 (6)(1)
f (2) .0045
52 1326

2

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Chapter5

c. r=16,x=2

16 36

2 0 (120)(1)
f (2) .0905
52 1326

2

d. Part(a)providestheprobabilityofblackjackplustheprobabilityof2acesplustheprobabilityof
two10s.Tofindtheprobabilityofblackjackwesubtracttheprobabilitiesin(b)and(c)fromthe
probabilityin(a).

P(blackjack)=.1433.0045.0905=.0483
50. N=60n=10

a. r=20x=0

F
20IF
G JG40I
J b1gF
G 40! I
J
H0KH10K H 10!30!K F 40! IF
G
10!50!I
f(0) =
F60I

60! H10!30!KH60! JK
JG
G
H J
10K 10!50!

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31
=
60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51

.01

b. r=20x=1

F
20IF
G 40I
HKH9 JK 20F
JG
G 40! IF10!50!I
H9!31!JKG
H60! JK
1
f(1) =
F
G 60I
J
H 10K

.07

c. 1f(0)f(1)=1.08=.92

d. SameastheprobabilityonewillbefromHawaii.Inpartbthatwasfoundtoequalapproximately.
07.

11 14

2 3 (55)(364)
51. a. f (2) .3768
25 53,130

5

518
 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

14 11

2 3 (91)(165)
b. f (2) .2826
25 53,130

5

14 11

5 0 (2002)(1)
c. f (5) .0377
25 53,130

5

14 11

0 5 (1)(462)
d. f (0) .0087
25 53,130

5

519
Chapter5

52. HypergeometricwithN=10andr=2.

Focusontheprobabilityof0defectives,thentheprobabilityofrejectingtheshipmentis1f(0).

a. n=3,x=0

28

0 3 56
f (0) .4667
10 120

3

P(Reject)=1.4667=.5333

b. n=4,x=0

2 8

0 4 70
f (0) .3333
10 210

4

P(Reject)=1.3333=.6667

c. n=5,x=0

2 8

0 5 56
f (0) .2222
10 252

5

P(Reject)=1.2222=.7778

d. Continuetheprocess.n=7wouldberequiredwiththeprobabilityofrejecting=.9333

53. a/b/c.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
1 0.07 0.07 2.12 4.49 0.31
2 0.21 0.42 1.12 1.25 0.26
3 0.29 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00
4 0.39 1.56 0.88 0.77 0.30
5 0.04 0.20 1.88 3.53 0.14
Total 1.00 3.12 1.03

E(x) Var(x)

= 1.03 =1.01

d. Theexpectedlevelofoptimismis3.12.Thisisabitaboveneutralandindicatesthatinvestment
managersaresomewhatoptimistic.Theirattitudesarecenteredbetweenneutralandbullishwiththe
consensusbeingclosertoneutral.

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 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

54. a/b.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
1 0.24 0.24 2.00 4.00 0.97
2 0.21 0.41 1.00 1.00 0.21
3 0.10 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.21 0.83 1.00 1.00 0.21
5 0.24 1.21 2.00 4.00 0.97
Total 1.00 3.00 2.34

E(x) Var(x)

c. Forthebondfundcategories:E(x)=1.36Var(x)=.23

Forthestockfundcategories:E(x)=4Var(x)=1.00

Thetotalriskofthestockfundsismuchhigherthanforthebondfunds.Itmakessensetoanalyze
theseseparately.Whenyoudothevariancesforbothgroups(stocksandbonds),theyarereduced.

55. a.
x f (x)
9 .30
10 .20
11 .25
12 .05
13 .20

b. E(x) =xf(x)

=9(.30)+10(.20)+11(.25)+12(.05)+13(.20)=10.65

Expectedvalueofexpenses:$10.65million

c. Var(x) =(x)2f(x)

=(910.65)2(.30)+(1010.65)2(.20)+(1110.65)2(.25)

+(1210.65)2(.05)+(1310.65)2(.20)=2.1275

d. LooksGood:E(Profit)=1210.65=1.35million

However,thereisa.20probabilitythatexpenseswillequal$13millionandthecollegewillruna
deficit.

56. a. n=20andx=3

20
f (3) (0.04)3 (0.04)17 0.0364
3

b. n=20andx=0

521
Chapter5

20
f (0) (0.04) 0 (0.96) 20 0.4420
0

c. E(x)=np=1200(0.04)=48

Theexpectednumberofappealsis48.

d. =np(1p)=1200(0.04)(0.96)=46.08

= 46.08 =6.7882

57. a. WemusthaveE(x)=np10

Withp=.61,thisleadsto:

n(.61)10

n16.4

So,wemustcontact17peopleinthisagegrouptohaveanexpectednumberofInternetusersofat
least10.

b. Withp=.03,thisleadsto:

n(.03)10

n333.34

So,wemustcontact334peopleinthisagegrouptohaveanexpectednumberofInternetusersofat
least10.

c. 17(.61)(.39) 2.01

d. 334(.03)(.97) 3.12

58. Sincetheshipmentislargewecanassumethattheprobabilitiesdonotchangefromtrialtotrialand
usethebinomialprobabilitydistribution.

a. n=5

5
f (0) (0.01) 0 (0.99) 5 0.9510
0

5
b. f (1) (0.01)1 (0.99) 4 0.0480
1

c. 1f(0)=1.9510=.0490

522
 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

d. No,theprobabilityoffindingoneormoreitemsinthesampledefectivewhenonly1%oftheitems
inthepopulationaredefectiveissmall(only.0490).Iwouldconsideritlikelythatmorethan1%
oftheitemsaredefective.

523
Chapter5

59. a. E(x)=np=100(.0499)=4.99

b. Var(x)=np(1p)=100(.0499)(.9501)=4.741

4.741 2.177

60. a. E(x)=800(.41)=328

b. np(1 p) 800(.41)(.59) 13.91

c. Forthisonep=.59and(1p)=.41,buttheansweristhesameasinpart(b).Forabinomial
probabilitydistribution,thevarianceforthenumberofsuccessesisthesameasthevarianceforthe
numberoffailures.Ofcourse,thisalsoholdstrueforthestandarddeviation.

61. =15

probof20ormorearrivals =f(20)+f(21)+

=.0418+.0299+.0204+.0133+.0083+.0050+.0029
+.0016+.0009+.0004+.0002+.0001+.0001=.1249

62. =1.5

probof3ormorebreakdownsis1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)].

1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)]

=1[.2231+.3347+.2510]

=1.8088=.1912

63. =10f(4)=.0189

33 e 3
64. a. f (3) 0.2240
3!

b. f(3)+f(4)+=1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)]

0 3

f(0)= 3 e =e =.0498
3

0!

Similarly,f(1)=.1494,f(2)=.2240

1[.0498+.1494+.2241]=.5767

65. HypergeometricN=52,n=5andr=4.

F
4IF
G 48I
HKH3 JK 6(17296) .0399
2
J G
a.
F
G52I
J 2,598,960
H5 K

524
 DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

F
4IF
GJ G48I
H
1K H4 JK 4(194580) .2995
b.
F
G52I
J 2,598,960
H5 K
F
4IF
GJ G48I
H
0K H5 JK 1,712,304 .6588
c.
F
G52I
H5 JK
2,598,960

d. 1f(0)=1.6588=.3412

7 3

1 1 (7)(3)
66. a. f (1) .4667
10 45

2

7 3

2 0 (21)(1)
b. f (2) .4667
10 45

2

7 3

0 2 (1)(3)
c. f (0) .0667
10 45

2

525