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Home Frequently Asked Questions configure BIND Server with Ubuntu 16.04

configure BIND Server with Ubuntu

16.04

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 16.04
By Rajneesh Upadhyay
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Introduction
All of Linux users are already families with BIND service, already
a lots of articles has been published with recent Ubuntu Linux
versions , you can go through all of them, BIND is a dns service
which assign a unique name to your IP Address which is termed
a domain name, so that it becomes easy to resolve some ip
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 address over the internet or even on a local area network. A
network con possess only one specific domain name. When
some IP Domain Name is resolved to its IP Address then it is
know as forward zone and when a IP address is back to its
name it is known as reverse zone. Only to purpose of dns is to
simply network queries, imagine a world where all websites are
knows with their ip addresses only, there will be a big chaos as
human memory can no memories so many IP Address digits,
but it is always easy to remember some name that is why we
assign name to IP Address on any network.

How to install DNS on Ubuntu Server 16.04 ?

Installation
Requisites

Our domain name : www.rajneesh.com

IP Address: 192.51.12.250

forward zone configuration file name:

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 /etc/bind/db.rajneesh.com

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reverse zone configuration file name: /etc/bind/db.192

First of all download a fresh piece of Ubuntu 16.04, make a

bootable device and install to server/desktop of your choice.

update system

# apt-get update

Check your IP addresses:

# ip a

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Installed required packages

# apt-get install bind9 bind9utils

Have a look in installed directory

# cd /etc/bind && ls

Directory will look something like

Let us create caching only name server first

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 Open /etc/bind/named.conf.options, find forwards and put dns
address of your ISP

Sample output

forwarders {
8.8.8.8;
};

Now let us resolve google.com and see what difference this

caching only server will make, note down time query time in first
attempt.

# dig google.com

Output will be something like

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 Let us repeat same dig command again and see the difference
in output

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 Query time is zero, you can see that how quick caching only
bind service can resolve dns server.

Let us configure BIND master server now, first of all make some

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 settings in /etc/resolv.conf. Open file and type:

# vim /etc/resolv.conf

Sample:

search rajneesh.com
nameserver 192.51.12.250

Replace your domain name and your IP address mentioned in

demo.

Change directory to /etc/bind

# cd /etc/bind

Open named.conf.local

# vim named.conf.local

Our con configuration file is something like below

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 // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are
not used in your
// organization
//include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
zone "rajneesh.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.rajneesh.com";
};
zone "12.51.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.192";
};

Now, our zone name is rajneesh.com which will be our dns

name, server is master server, so we have defined server type
as master. Configuration file will be db.rajneesh.com. Similarly
for reverse lookup we have do define ip-addr.arpa for our ip
address, type first three digits of yor ip address in reverse order
before .in-arddr.arpa. File for reverse zone will be db.192.
Make sure your have provided appropriate location for your
zone configuration files.

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 Configure Forward zone

copy db.local sample file to db.rajneesh.com

# cp db.local db.rajneesh.conf

Open and edit db.rajneesh.com

# vim /etc/bind/db.rajneesh.com

Configure file

;
; BIND data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA www.rajneesh.com. admin.rajneesh.com. (
2 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
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 ;
@ IN NS www.rajneesh.com.
@ IN A 192.51.12.250
www IN A 192.51.12.250

www.rajneesh.com. is domain name which we are willing to

resolve, make sure that you have put dot (.) after every domain
name definition. admin.rajneesh.com. is email id for this domain.
NS will be name server for this domain. Put A record for your
host e.g. www.

Save and quit, restart bind service.

# /etc/init.d/bind9 restart

Let us check whether this are working proper or not.

# /etc/init.d/bind9 status

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 Thing looks good at this stage.

Resolve dns name.

# dig @127.0.0.1 rajneesh.com

Sample output

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P2-Ubuntu <<>> @127.0.0.1

rajneesh.com
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:
37282
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 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1,
AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;rajneesh.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
rajneesh.com. 604800 IN A 192.51.12.250

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
rajneesh.com. 604800 IN NS www.rajneesh.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
www.rajneesh.com. 604800 IN A 192.51.12.250

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Mar 14 20:34:43 IST 2016
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 91

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 We have a green signal in ANSWER section. so let us move to
configure reverse zone.

copy db.127 sample file to db.192 and edit

# cp db.127 db.192

Edit file

; BIND reverse data file for local loopback

interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA www.rajneesh.com. admin.rajneesh.com. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS www.rajneesh.com.
250 IN PTR rajneesh.com.
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 File is almost a replica of forward zone file, except PTR or
pointer record, which we have to mention in reverse zone file.
250 is the last digit of our ip address. Save and exit.

Restart server

# /etc/init.d/bind9 restart

nslookup IP address of your domain server.

#nslookup 192.51.12.250

Sampe output

Server: 192.51.12.250
Address: 192.51.12.250#53
250.12.51.192.in-addr.arpa name = rajneesh.com.

Things are working good. This is all for now, Have fun!

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