FDTD Electromagnetic Theory

Integrantes:
Nelly Catherine Barbosa Caldern 2080621

David Andrs Sarmiento Nova 2080281
Ivn Daro Corredor Garca 2081537
COMPUTACIN EN TEORA ELECTROMAGNTICA

DIFERENCIAS FINITAS EN EL DOMINIO DELTIEMPO
CAPITULO 1
1)Programa en C++
/* FD1D_1.1C. 1D FDTD simulation in free espace */
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define KE 200 /* KE is the number of cells to be used*/
void main ()
{
float ex [KE], hy [KE];
int n,k,kc,ke,NSTEPS;
float T;
float to, spread, pulse;
FILE *fp, *fopen (const char[3],const char[3]);
/* initialize*/
for ( k=1; k<KE; k++)
{
ex[k] =0;
hy [k] =0; }
kc=KE/2; /*Center of the problem space */

to=40.0; /* center of the incident pulse*/
spread=12; /* width of the incident pulse */
T=0;
NSTEPS=1;
while (NSTEPS>0)
{
printf ("NSTEPS -->"); /*NSTEPS is the number of times the*/
scanf ("%d", &NSTEPS); /* main loop has executed */
printf ("%d \n", NSTEPS);
n=0;
for (n=1; n<=NSTEPS; n++)

{
T=T+1; /* T keeps track of the total number */
/* T keeps track of the total number */
/* Main FDTD loop*/
/* calculate the EX field */
for (k=1; k<KE; k++)
{ ex [k]= ex[k] +.5*(hy[k-1]-hy[k]);}
/* put a gaussian pulse in the middle */
pulse = exp(-.5*(pow( (to-T)/spread,2)));
ex[kc]= pulse;
printf ("%5.1f %6.2f\n",to-T, ex[kc]);
/*Calculate the Hy filed */
for (k=0; k<KE-1; k++)
{
Integrantes:
hy [k]=hy[k]+ .5*(ex[k]-ex[k+1]);}
}
/* End of the Main FDTD loop */
/* At the end of the calculation, print out the Ex and Hy fields */

for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)
{ printf ("%3d %6.2f %6.2f\n",k,ex[k],hy[k]); }
/* write the E field out to a file Ex */

fp=fopen ("Ex", "w");
for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)
{ fprintf (fp,"%6.2f \n",ex[k]); }
fclose (fp);
/* write the H field out to a file Hy */

fp=fopen ("Hy","w");
for (k=1; k<=KE; k++)
{ fprintf (fp,"%6.2f \n",hy[k]); }
fclose(fp);
printf ("T= %5.0f\n",T);
}
}
Programa en Matlab
c=1:200;
KE=200;
ex(1,200)=0;
hy(1,200)=0;
ex_low_m1=0;
ex_low_m2=0;
ex_high_m1=0;
ex_high_m2=0;
y=2;
%/* Initializate */
kc=KE/2; %/* Center of the problem space*/

t0=40; %/* Center of the incident pulse */
spread=12; %/* Width of the incident pulse */
T=0;
NSTEPS=1;
while(NSTEPS>0)
NSTEPS= input ('Ingrese el nmero de pasos: ');

for n=1:NSTEPS
T=T+1;
%/* Main FDTD loop*/
% /* Calculate of Ex field*/
for(k=2:KE)
ex(k)=ex(k)+0.5.*(hy(k-1)-hy(k));
end
%/* put a Gaussian Pulse in the midle */
pulse=exp((-0.5)*((t0-T)/spread)^y);
ex(kc)=ex(kc)+pulse;
Integrantes:
%/* Absorbing boundary Conditions */

ex(1)=ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m2=ex_low_m1;
ex_low_m1=ex(2);
ex(KE)=ex_high_m2;
ex_high_m2=ex_high_m1;
ex_high_m1=ex(KE-1);
%/* Calculate of Hy field*/
for(k=1:KE-1)
hy(k)=hy(k)+0.5*(ex(k)-ex(k+1));
end
end
%/* End of the main FDTD loop*/
%/* At the end of the calculation, print out the Ex and Hy fields*/
end
figure
plot (c,hy)
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Hy');
title('Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos');
figure
plot (c,ex)
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Ex');
title('Campo elctrico vs. Numero de pasos');
Graficas
Integrantes:
(NSTEPS) nmero de pasos= 100
hy Vs. T
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
hy
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
ex Vs. T
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
ex
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T

Integrantes:
hy Vs. T
0.4
0.2
-0.2
hy
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
ex Vs. T
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
ex
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Integrantes:
Diagramas de flujo
DFD
2) Programa en C++
Integrantes:
/* FD1D_1.2C. 1D FDTD simulation in free espace */
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main ()
{
int n,k,kc,ke,NSTEPS;
float T;
float ex_low_m1,ex_low_m2,ex_high_m1,ex_high_m2;
/* initialize*/
for ( k=1; k<KE; k++)
{
ex[k] =0;
hy [k] =0; }

T=0;
NSTEPS=1;
while ( NSTEPS>0)
{
n=0;
{
{ T=T+1;
/* Main FDTD loop*/
/* Calculate the Ex field */

for ( k=1; k< KE; k++ )
{
ex[k]=ex[k]+.5*(hy[k-1]-hy[k]); }
/* Put a gaussian pulse in the middle */
pulse= exp(-.5*(pow( (to-T)/spread,2)));

ex[kc] = ex[kc] +pulse;
float arg;
printf ( "%5.1f %6.2f cn", to-T,arg,ex[kc]);
/* Absorbing Boundary conditions */
ex[0] = ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m2 = ex_low_m1;
ex_low_m1 = ex[1];
Integrantes:
ex[ KE-1] = ex_high_m2;

ex_high_m2 = ex_high_m1;
ex_high_m1 = ex[KE-2];
/* calculate the Hy field */

for (k=0; k<KE-1; k++)
{
hy[k]=hy[k]+ .5*(ex[k]- ex[k+1]);}}
/* End of the main FDTD loop */
for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)

for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)
fclose (fp);

for (k=1; k<=KE; k++)
fclose(fp);
}
}
}
Programa en Matlab
c=1:200;
KE=200;
ex(1,200)=0;
hy(1,200)=0;
cb(1,200)=0;
ex_low_m1=0;
ex_low_m2=0;
ex_high_m1=0;
ex_high_m2=0;
y=2;
%/* Initializate */
kc=KE/2; %/* Center of the problem space*/

t0=40; %/* Center of the incident pulse */
spread=12; %/* Width of the incident pulse */
T=0;
NSTEPS=1;
while(NSTEPS>0)
NSTEPS= input ('Ingrese el nmero de pasos: ');

for n=1:NSTEPS
Integrantes:
T=T+1;
%/* Main FDTD loop*/
% /* Calculate of Ex field*/
for(k=2:KE)
ex(k)=ex(k)+0.5.*(hy(k-1)-hy(k));
end
%/* put a Gaussian Pulse in the midle */
pulse=exp((-0.5)*((t0-T)/spread)^y);
ex(kc)=ex(kc)+pulse;

ex(1)=ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m1=ex(2);
ex(KE)=ex_high_m2;
%/* Calculate of Hy field*/
for(k=1:KE-1)
hy(k)=hy(k)+0.5*(ex(k)-ex(k+1));
end
end
%/* End of the main FDTD loop*/
%/* At the end of the calculation, print out the Ex and Hy fields*/
end
figure
plot (c,hy)
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Hy');
figure
plot (c,ex)
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Ex');
Integrantes:
GRAFICAS
Campo elctrico vs. Numero de pasos
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
Ex
0.3
0.2
0.1
-0.1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Hy
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Integrantes:
NSTEPS = 100

1.2
0.8
0.6
Ex
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T

1.5
0.5
Hy
-0.5
-1
-1.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Integrantes:
NSTEPS = 225

1
0.8
0.6
Ex
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T

1.5
0.5
Hy
-0.5
-1
-1.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Diagrama de flujo
DFD 2
Integrantes:
1 2
Integrantes:
3) Programa en c++
PROGRAMA 3
/* FD1D_1.3.c. */
/* Simulation of a pulse hitting a dielectric medium */
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main ()
{
int n,k,kc,ke,nsteps,kstart;
float ddx,dt,T,epsz,epsilon,sigma,eaf;
float cb[KE];
/* initialize*/
Integrantes:
for ( k=1; k<KE; k++)

{
ex[k] =0;
hy [k] =0; }

T=0;
nsteps=1;
for (k=1; k<=KE; k++) { /* Initialize to free espace */

cb [k]=.5;
}
printf ( "Dielectric starts at - - -> ");
scanf ("%d", &kstart);
printf ("Epsilon - - > ");
scanf ("%f", &epsilon);
printf ("%d %6.2f \n", kstart, epsilon);
for (k=kstart; k<=KE; k++)

{cb[k]=.5/epsilon;
}
for (k=1; k<=KE; k++)
{ printf ("%2d %4.2f\n",k,cb[k]);}
/* Main part of the program */
while (nsteps>0)
{
printf ("nsteps- - - >");
scanf ("%d", &nsteps);
printf ("%d \n", nsteps);
for (n=1; n<=nsteps; n++)

{
T=T+1;
/*calculate the Ex field*/
{ ex[k]=ex[k]+cb[k]*(hy[k-1]-hy[k] );}
/* Put a Gaussian pulse at the low end */

pulse = exp(-.5*(pow( (to-T)/spread,2)));
ex[5]=ex[5]+pulse;
printf ("%5.1f %6.2f %6.2f\n", T,pulse, ex[5]);
ex[0] = ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m1 = ex[1];


for (k=0; k<KE-1; k++)
Integrantes:
{
hy[k]=hy[k]+ .5*(ex[k]- ex[k+1]);}}
for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)

for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)
fclose (fp);

for (k=1; k<=KE; k++)
fclose(fp);
}
}
}
Programa (matlab)
c=1:200;
KE=200;
ex(1,200)=0;
hy(1,200)=0;
cb(1,200)=0;
y=2;
ex_low_m1=0;
ex_low_m2=0;
ex_high_m1=0;
ex_high_m2=0;
%%Initializate to free space
for k=2:KE
cb(k)=0.5;
end
kstart= input ('Constante dielectrica de inicio: ');

Epsilon= input ('Epsilon: ');
for(k=kstart:KE)
cb(k)=((0.5)./Epsilon);
Integrantes:
end
kc=KE/2; % Center of the problem space

t0=40; % Center of the incident pulse
spread=12; % Width of the incident pulse
T=0;
NSTEPS=1;
% Main part of the program
while(NSTEPS>0)
NSTEPS = input ('Ingrese el nmero de pasos: ');
for(n=1:NSTEPS)
T=T+1;
%Calculate of Ex field
for k=2:KE,
ex(k)= ex(k)+ (0.5).*(hy(k-1)-hy(k));
end
% put a Gaussian Pulse at the low end
pulse=exp((-.5)*((t0-T)/spread)^y);
ex(6)=ex(6)+pulse;
% Absorbing boundary Conditions1*/
ex(1)=ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m1=ex(2);
ex(KE)= ex_high_m2;
ex_low_m1 = ex(KE-1);
% Calculate of Hy field*/
for k=1:KE-1,
hy(k)= hy(k)+ (0.5).*(ex(k)-ex(k+1));
end
end
end
%End of the main FDTD loop

Integrantes:
figure
plot(c,hy)
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Hy');
figure
plot (c,ex)
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Ex');
GRAFICAS
K DIELECTRICA = 4
EPSILON = 4
NSTEPS = 100

1.2
0.8
0.6
Ex
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Integrantes:

1.2
0.8
0.6
Hy
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
K DIELECTRICA = 4
EPSILON = 4
NSTEPS = 220

1.2
0.8
0.6
Ex
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Integrantes:

1.2
0.8
0.6
Hy
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
K DIELECTRICA = 4
EPSILON = 4
NSTEPS = 320

1.2
0.8
0.6
Ex
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Integrantes:

1.2
0.8
0.6
Hy
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Diagramas de flujo
DFD
Integrantes:
1 2
Integrantes:
4) Programa en c++
/* FD1D_1.4.c. */
/* Simulation of a sinusoidal wave hitting a dielectric mdium */
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main ()
{
float freq_in;
float cb[KE];
Integrantes:

ddx=.01; /* set the cell size to 1cm*/
dt=ddx/(2*3e8); /* calculate the time step*/
/* These parameter sepecify the input pulse*/

printf ("Input freq (MHz) - - -> ");
scanf ("%f", &freq_in);
freq_in=freq_in*1e6;
printf ("%8.0f \n", freq_in);
T=0;
nsteps =1;
/*Main part of the program */
while (nsteps>0) {
printf ("nsteps - -> ");
scanf ("%d", &nsteps);
printf ("%d \n", nsteps);
for (n=1; n<=nsteps; n++)

{
T=T+1;
/* Calculate the Ex field */

{ ex[k]=ex[k]+ cb[k]*(hy[k-1]-hy[k]); }
/* put a sinusoidal source at cell 5 po*/
pulse = sin(2*3.14159*freq_in*dt*T);
ex[5]=ex[5]+pulse;
printf ("%5.1f %6.2f %6.2f\n", T,pulse, ex[5]);
ex[0] = ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m1 = ex[1];


for (k=0; k<KE-1; k++)
{
hy[k]=hy[k]+ .5*(ex[k]- ex[k+1]);}}
for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)

for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)
fclose (fp);
Integrantes:

for (k=1; k<=KE; k++)
fclose(fp);
}}}
Programa en Matlab
c=1:200;
KE=200;
ex(1,200)=0;
hy(1,200)=0;
cb(1,200)=0;
ex_low_m1=0;
ex_low_m2=0;
ex_high_m1=0;
ex_high_m2=0;
y=2;
ddx=0.01;
dt=ddx./(2.*3e8);
freq_in = input ('Ingrese la frecuencia (MHz): ');

freq_in= freq_in.*(1e6);
%% Initializate to free space
for(k=2:KE)
cb(k)=0.5;
end
kstart= input ('Constante dielectrica: ');

epsilon= input ('Ingrese el valor de epsilon: ');
for(k=kstart:KE)
cb(k)=0.5/epsilon;
end
kc=KE/2;% Center of the problem space*/
t0=40; % Center of the incident pulse */
spread=12; % Width of the incident pulse */
T=0;
NSTEPS=1;
% Main part of the program */
while(NSTEPS>0)
NSTEPS= input ('Ingrese el numero de pasos: ');
for(n=1:NSTEPS)
T=T+1;
Integrantes:
for(k=2:KE)
ex(k)=ex(k)+cb(k)*(hy(k-1)-hy(k));
end
%%/* put a sinusoidal Pulse at the cell 5 p0 */
pulse=sin(2*pi*freq_in*dt*T);
ex(6)=ex(6)+pulse;
ex(1)=ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m1=ex(2);
ex(KE)=ex_high_m2;
%% /* Calculate of Hy field*/
for(k=2:KE-1)
hy(k)=hy(k)+0.5*(ex(k)-ex(k+1));
end
end
end
%%/* End of the main FDTD loop*/

figure
plot(c,ex)
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Ex');
title('Campo electrico vs. T');
figure
plot(c,hy)
grid on;
xlabel('Hy');
ylabel('T');
title('Campo magnetico vs. T');
GRAFICAS
NSTEPS=425
Epsilon=4
Kdielectrica = 4
Frecuencia (MHz)=700
Integrantes:
Campo electrico vs. T

3
0
Ex
-1
-2
-3
-4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Campo magnetico vs. T

5
0
T
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Hy
5) Programa c++
/*FD1D_1.5.c. 1D FDTD simulation of a lossy dielectric mdium */

#include<iostream>
Integrantes:
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace System;
using namespace std;
void main ()
{
float ca[KE], cb[KE];
epsz=8.85419e-12;
for (k=1; k<=KE; k++)

{ /* Initialize to free space */
ca[k]=1.,
cb[k]= .5;
}
printf ( "Dielectric starts at - - -> ");
scanf ("%d", &kstart);
printf ("Epsilon - - > ");
scanf ("%f", &epsilon);
printf ( "conductivity- - ->");
scanf ("%f", &sigma);
printf ("%d %6.2f %6.2f \n", kstart, epsilon, sigma);
eaf=dt*sigma/(2*epsz*epsilon);
printf (" %6.4f \n", eaf);
for (k=kstart; k<=KE; k++)
{
ca[k]=(1.-eaf)/(1+eaf);
cb[k]=(.5/epsilon*(1+eaf));
}
while (NSTEPS>0)
{
n=0;

{
T=T+1; /* T keeps track of the total number */
/* T keeps track of the total number */
/*Main part of the program */

/*calculated the Ex field */

{
ex[k]=ca[k]*ex[k]+cb[k]*(hy[k-1]-hy[k]);}
Integrantes:
ex[0] = ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m1 = ex[1];


for (k=0; k<KE-1; k++)
{
hy[k]=hy[k]+ .5*(ex[k]- ex[k+1]);}}
for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)

for (k=1; k<= KE; k++)
fclose (fp);

for (k=1; k<=KE; k++)
fclose(fp);
}}}
Programa en MATLAB
c=1:200;
KE = 200;
ex(1,200)=0;
hy(1,200)=0;
cb(1,200)=1;
ca(1,200)=1;
ex_low_m1 = 0;
ex_low_m2 = 0;
ex_high_m1 = 0;
ex_high_m2 = 0;
epsz = 8.85419e-12;
% These parameters specify the input pulse
freq_in = input('Ingrese frecuencia (MHz)=');

freq_in = freq_in.*1e6;
% Initializate to free space

cb = 0.5;
Integrantes:
ca=1;
ddx = 0.01;
dt = ddx./(2.*3e8);
kstart=input('Constante dielectrica de inicio --> ');

epsilon=input('Epsilon --> ');
sigma=input('Conductividad --> ');
eaf = dt.*sigma/(2.*epsz.*epsilon);
for (k=kstart:KE)
cb(k) = 0.5./epsilon;
ca(k) = (1-eaf)./(1+eaf);
end
kc = KE/2;% Center of the problem space

t0 = 40; % Center of the incident pulse
spread = 12; % Width of the incident pulse
T = 0;
NSTEPS = 1;
%Main part of the program

while NSTEPS > 0
NSTEPS=input('Ingrese numero de pasos: ');
for n = 1:1:NSTEPS;
T = T+1;
%Calculate of Ex field
for k=2:1:(KE);
ex(k) = ca(k).*ex(k) + cb(k).*(hy(k-1)-hy(k));
end
% put a sinusoidal Pulse at the cell 5 p0
pulse = sin(2.*pi.*freq_in.*dt.*T);
ex(6) = ex(6) + pulse;
%Absorbing boundary Conditions
ex(1) = ex_low_m2;
ex_low_m1 = ex(2);
ex(KE) = ex_high_m2;
ex_low_m1 = ex(KE-1);
%Calculate of Hy field
for k=1:1:(KE-1);
hy(k) = hy(k) + 0.5.*(ex(k)-ex(k+1));
end
end
end
figure();
plot(c,ex);
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Campo electrico');
title('Campo electrico vs. T');
figure
plot(c,hy);
Integrantes:
grid on;
xlabel('T');
ylabel('Campo magnetico');
title('Campo magnetico vs.T');
GRAFICAS
NSTEPS=500
Epsilon=4
Kdielectrica = 4
Conductividad = 0.04
Frecuencia (MHz)=700
Campo electrico vs. T

2
1.5
0.5
Campo electrico
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T
Integrantes:
Campo magnetico vs.T

8
4
Campo magnetico
-2
-4
-6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T

FDTD Electromagnetic Theory

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FDTD Electromagnetic Theory

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Integrantes:

Nelly Catherine Barbosa Caldern 2080621

COMPUTACIN EN TEORA ELECTROMAGNTICA

kc=KE/2; /*Center of the problem space */

for (n=1; n<=NSTEPS; n++)

/* At the end of the calculation, print out the Ex and Hy fields */

/* write the E field out to a file Ex */

/* write the H field out to a file Hy */

kc=KE/2; %/* Center of the problem space*/

NSTEPS= input ('Ingrese el nmero de pasos: ');

%/* Absorbing boundary Conditions */

(NSTEPS) nmero de pasos= 100

(NSTEPS) nmero de pasos= 300

/* FD1D_1.2C. 1D FDTD simulation in free espace */

kc=KE/2; /*Center of the problem space */

/* Calculate the Ex field */

/* Put a gaussian pulse in the middle */

pulse= exp(-.5*(pow( (to-T)/spread,2)));

/* Absorbing Boundary conditions */

ex[ KE-1] = ex_high_m2;

/* calculate the Hy field */

/* write the E field out to a file Ex */

/* write the H field out to a file Hy */

kc=KE/2; %/* Center of the problem space*/

NSTEPS= input ('Ingrese el nmero de pasos: ');

%/* Absorbing boundary Conditions */

Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo elctrico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo elctrico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos

for ( k=1; k<KE; k++)

kc=KE/2; /*Center of the problem space */

for (k=1; k<=KE; k++) { /* Initialize to free espace */

for (k=kstart; k<=KE; k++)

/* Main part of the program */

for (n=1; n<=nsteps; n++)

/* Put a Gaussian pulse at the low end */

/* Absorbing Boundary conditions */

ex[ KE-1] = ex_high_m2;

/* calculate the Hy field */

/* write the E field out to a file Ex */

/* write the H field out to a file Hy */

%%Initializate to free space

kstart= input ('Constante dielectrica de inicio: ');

kc=KE/2; % Center of the problem space

% Main part of the program

NSTEPS = input ('Ingrese el nmero de pasos: ');

% put a Gaussian Pulse at the low end

% Absorbing boundary Conditions1*/

%End of the main FDTD loop

Campo elctrico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo elctrico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo elctrico vs. Numero de pasos

Campo magntico vs. Numero de pasos

float to, spread, pulse;

/* These parameter sepecify the input pulse*/

/*Main part of the program */

for (n=1; n<=nsteps; n++)

/* Calculate the Ex field */

/* put a sinusoidal source at cell 5 po*/

kc=KE/2; /Center of the problem space /

kc=KE/2; /Center of the problem space /

kc=KE/2; /Center of the problem space /

/Main part of the program /

/FD1D_1.5.c. 1D FDTD simulation of a lossy dielectric mdium /

/Main part of the program /