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INTRODUCTION
Scorpion sting is one of the common sponsible for high mortality associated with
life threatening acute medical emergencies and scorpion bite are poor health services, difficult
also can be considered as a neglected public and untimely transportation facilities, wrong
health problem in tropical and sub-tropical traditional beliefs, delay in anti-scorpion ve-
countries including India.[1]From the ancient nom administration. It is estimated that in In-
times poisonous animal bites is a serious issue dia, the annual number of scorpion stings cas-
in world. Millions of people die every year es exceeds 1.23 million, of which over 32,250
because of poisonous animals bites. Scorpion may be fatal. In Asia, epidemiological data on
bite is also a common and global public health scorpion stings is scarce. India is the most af-
problem associated with substantial morbidity fected, with a reported incidence of 0.6 % [2].
and mortality. It constitutes an occupational
hazard especially in field of agriculture for The estimates are arbitrary as the major-
farmers, farm labors, villagers, migrating pop- ity of cases go unreported. In rural areas,
ulation and hunters. The factors mainly re- where most of the scorpion bite cases occurs,
How to cite this URL: Dr. Shweta Hegde Et Al: Chandas - A Tool For Shloka Recitation W.S.R. To Sushruta Samhita.
International Ayurvedic medical Journal {online} 2016 {cited 2016 July} Available from:
http://www.iamj.in/posts/images/upload/3354_3360.pdf
Deshmukh Sunil Dnyaneshwar & Chalakh Sonali: A Critical Review On Anti-Scorpion Activity Of Herbs
the victims are mostly taken to traditional hea- ments has been practiced since ancient times.
lers, who neither documents the case nor re- Various cultural traditions are associated with
port them to the authorities, hence paucity of use of wild plants as medicinal herbs. In
reliable epidemiological data. Numerous en- Ayurveda numerous medicinal plants are men-
venomation cases remain unreported making it tioned in the management of Vrishchika Dam-
difficult for calculating true incidence. Case sha (Scorpion bite).
fatality rates of 3-22% were reported among
Aim and Objective
the children hospitalized for scorpion stings in
To present a comprehensive account of nu-
India [3-7].
merous Indian medicinal plants used in the
Globally, 1988 species of scorpions treatment of scorpion bite.
are known to occur of which, 113 valid spe- Scorpion Venom
cies of 25 genera under 6 families exist in In- scorpion venom is a cocktail of several neuro-
dia [8]. Among the 86 species of scorpion in toxins, cardiotoxins, nephrotoxins, hemolytic
India, Mesobuthus tamulus and Palamneus toxins, nucleotides, amino acids, oligopep-
swammer-dami are of medical importance [9]. tides, phospholipase-A, hyaluronidase, acetyl-
There are different opinions regarding the choline esterase, histamine, serotonin, 5-
treatment of scorpion sting. In the past years, hydroxyptamine and proteins that inhibit pro-
various regimens have been tried including tease, angiotensins and succinate dehydroge-
lytic cocktail, insulin, atropine, nifedipine, be- nase.[11]
tablockers and captopril, but all these have Mechanism of action Scorpion venom
failed to reduce mortality and morbidity sub- Scorpion venom is a potent sodium channel
stantially. Even Serotherapy has been a matter activator. [13] It causes, delay in closing of neu-
of debate and controversy in this matter. [10] ronal sodium channels, which results in auto-
nomic storm leading to sudden pouring of
In Scorpion bite cases, it is necessary
endogenous catecholamines into circulation
to give immediate treatment but the patient
leading to transient sympathetic and parasym-
cannot receive treatment immediately due to
pathetic stimulation. [13]
lack of transport facility and the Scorpion An-
ti-venom used for Scorpion bite is not availa- Scorpion bite symptoms
ble easily on village. The administration of Scorpion venom (sting) causes massive release
anti-scorpion venom (ASV) is the only specif- of neurotransmitters, which result in various
ic treatment available for scorpion bite, but clinical features resulting from envenomation.
[14]
has been a matter of debate and controversy Scorpion bite Symptoms such as profuse
during last five years [11]. In this context, the sweating, vomiting, increased salivation, bra-
only available option for scorpion bite treat- dycardia, priapism, cold extremities or tran-
ment is herbal treatment as these herbs are sient hypertension followed by development
common, easily available. of severe cardiovascular manifestations such
as hypotension, tachycardia, pulmonary ede-
Herbal medicine also referred to as al- ma, tingling numbness and restlessness. [9]
ternate medicine/traditional medicine, has Morbidity and mortality are result due to acute
been in use in India since time immemorial. refractory pulmonary edema, cardiogenic
Nearly 80% of the human population is re- shock and multi-organ failure [15].
ported to be dependent on plant-based medi-
cines in India [12]. The use of different parts of PLANTS USED FOR SCORPION BITE
several medicinal plants to cure specific ail- TREATMENT:
Important plants which are being used for sting wound healing purpose are mentioned in
scorpion bite treatment in any form i.e. oral the accompanying table. Various Samhita, in-
form for pain relief and venom neutralization dexed, non-indexed Indian journals were stu-
and local application form for pain relief or dies for the precise information.
Table No- 1. Medicinal plant use for Scorpion bites mention in Samhita.
Sr Botanical Verna- Rasa Veery Vipak Guna Karma Form of
no Name cular a Applica-
. Name tion
1 Valeriana Tagara Katu, Usha- Katu Laghu, Vedanastha- Lepa, Pa-
[16,17,
wallichii Tikta, na Snigdha pan Vranro- na.
18,19]
Kashay. pan Vishag-
hana
2 Terminalia Haritaki Madhur, Usha- Mad- Laghu, Vedanastha- Lepa, Pa-
chebu- Amla, na hur Ruksha pan Shotha- na.
[16,17,20]
la Katu, har Hridya
Tikta,
Kashay.
3 Zingiber of- Sounth Katu Usha- Mad- Laghu, Vedanastha- Lepa, Pa-
ficinale[16,18, na hur Snigdha pan Shotha- na.
21,22]
har Hridya