Solutions to Chapter 1 Measurement

-1 -1
1. [k] = J K , [c] = m s , [h] = J s, from data booklet
[ ] [A]

[ ][ ]
2. [ ] [D]
[ ][ ]

3. [ ] [ ][ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ] [D]
[ ]

[ ]
4. [ ] [A]
[ ]

[ ]
5. [ ] [A]
[ ][ ]

[ ][ ]
6. [ ] [D]
[ ][ ][ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ]
7. [ ] [D]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ]
8. [ ]
[ ][ ]
[ ] [ ] [B]

[ ] [ ][ ]
9. [ ] [C]
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]

10. [D], quite simply so.

[ ][ ] [ ] [ ]
11. [ ] [ ] [A]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

-23
12. A: mass of atom should be in the order of (10 g) divide by Avogadro constant, so 10 g
0 8
B: Wavelenght of radio wave is upwards of the order of 10 - 10 m. So frequency should be
0 8
also between 10 - 10 Hz. 500 pHz is too small.
C: Visible light has wavelengths between 400-700 nm. Somewhere in the middle of this band is
green, so 500 nm is realistic
-1
D: Speed of sound in air is the well-known ~330 m s
Answer: [C]

13. Common sense eliminates choice [A] and [C]. [B] and [D] seem to be contenders. Lets calculate:
2
B: KE of man = (60) (5 ) = 750 J
D: Energy consumed by 10 W bulb = 10 x (3600 x 2) = 72000 J
Answer: [D]

14.
Value suggested by question Our calculations Discrepancy
9 12 3
Human life ~ 10 s 80 x 365 x 24 x 3600 ~ 10 s ~ 10
11
Distance between Earth and Sun Indeed 10 m. No discrepancy
11
~ 10 m
-26 23 26
Mass of N2 ~ 10 kg 0.028 / (6 x 10 ) ~ 10 kg No discrepancy
6
Time for light to travel across eye Eyeballs diameter ~ 2-3 cm ~ 10
-4 8 -10
ball ~ 10 s Time = 0.03 / (3 x 10 ) ~ 10 s
Answer: [D]

1
15. [C]

16.
( )

[D]

17.
[C]

18. [C], quite simply so.

19.
[A]

20. When 1/r = 0 (at very large distance), then B should be zero too. Hence, an accurate set of data
should have the best fit line passing through origin. Precise simply means that the points are
close to the BFL.
So answer: [B]

21.

So answer: [B]

22. The type of If you know, you know; you dont know, you dont know question. [A]

23.
[A]

24. Average value = 891.5 mm True value = 895 mm

So, all readings are precise to 1mm, but not accurate to 1mm. [B]

25.
( )
[C]

26.
[D]

27.
[C]

28. [C]

29. A: Air resistance will modify the acceleration and it will not be uniform, so the graph wouldnt be
a straight line.
B: An error in the timer to make it run faster will lead to the gradient being different, but we
could not tell from this graph anyway.

2
 C: A delay in releasing the ball and starting the timer means that when t = 0, s is non-zero. This
explains the y-intercept.
2
D: Plotting s vs t will mean gradient correspond to g.
Answer: [C]

30. Largest systematic error will mean that the measured value is furthest away from the true value of
-2
9.8 m s . The size of the uncertainty reflects the random error present, so no need to consider
that.
Answer: [A]

31.
[C]

32. (a) Random error. This is because as different pressures are applied in closing the gap of the vernier
calipers, the readings will be fluctuate around the average reading.

[ ]
(b)(i) [ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
(b)(ii)
( ) ( )

[ ]
33. (a) [ ]
[ ][ ]
(b)(i)
( ) ( )

(b)(ii) Measurement of the timing might not be accurate as it will be hard to determine when the
object has passed the length. Use light gates.
Any other reasonable (workable) answers.

34. (a)

( ) ( ) ( )
(b) The measurement of mass should be improved as it has the largest fractional uncertainty.

35. Any answer between and inclusive of (8 5) = 3 N and (8 + 5) = 13 N are acceptable. [C]

36. For resultant force to be along PQ, the net force along the y-direction must be zero.
o o
Currently, Fy = 200 sin 30 400 sin 60 = 246 N
So, the added force must be able to have a y-component of 246 N in the +ve y-direction.
So answer: [B]