Solutions to Chapter 5 Work Energy & Power

Level 1
2 2
1) Since v = u +2as
Gain in KE = Loss in GPE
Final KE Initial KE = Loss in GPE
2 2
mv - mu = mgh
mv = mu + mgh
2 2
2
= (0.100)(5.00) + (0.100)(9.81)(1.00) = 2.23 J
C
F
k (l2 lo)
Energy stored when it is stretched to l1 = k (l1 lo)
2
2)
Energy stored when it is stretched to l2 = k (l2 lo)
2

B k (l1 lo)

0 Extension
l1 lo l2 lo

3) Effective force supplied by motor to keep the weights at rest, Fm = 30 N

Output power = Fmv = Fm(2r)(f) = (30)(0.5)(20) = 300 W
A

4) EPE when the spring is compresses = KE of ball + GPE at the point where the spring is relaxed
2 2
kx = mv + mgh
2 2 o
(250)(0.05) = (0.150)v + (0.150)(9.81)(0.05 sin45 )
-1
v = 1.86 m s
C

5) Gain in KE = Loss in GPE

v = gh
2 2
mv = mgh
Since g and h are constant, v will be the same for both.
C

6) The total resistive force on the car = 600N

Power provided = power used to overcome resistive force in order to travel at constant speed
25 000 = (600)v
-1
42 m s
D

7) Along the slope : F = ma

F mgsin = ma
Driving force F = ma + mgsin
Power supplied when traveling with speed v = Fv = mav + mgvsin
C

8) Consider a column of air of length L and cross sectional area A approaching the windmill perpendicularly.
KE per unit time contained in this column = (mv ) / t = [(AL)v ] / t = Av
2 2 3

Since efficiency is 60%, power harnessed = (0.6)( Av ) = (0.6)( )(1)(60 )(8 ) = 1.74 MW
3 2 3

9) Pi = Pf

-1
(0.020)(200) + 0 = (0.020 + 1.98)v v = 2 ms
mv + mgh
2 2 2
v + gh (2) + (9.81)h 0.204 m
B

10) Ei = Ef
2
mgh fx = mv

2
(50)(9.81)(5) f(10) = (50)(4.90) f = 185 N
A
2
11) W = Fx = F(at )
Plotting W against t yield a quadratically increasing graph.
B

12) Gain in KE = lost in GPE

2 2 2 o
mv = mgh v = g(L Lcos) v = (9.81)(0.850)(1 cos7.8 )
-1
v = 0.393 ms
D
 2
13) Drag force, D = kv

3
30 000 = D(15) 30 000 = k(15 )
2
T = k(20 )
T = 3600 N
D

14) B

15) Rate of increase of GPE = mgv = (5)(0.6/3)

Power supplied = (1/0.1)(5)(0.6/3) = 10 W
D

16) Drag force at this speed = 200 N

Along the slope : F = ma
F D mgsin = 0
Driving force F = D + mgsin = 200 + (800)(9.81)(1/8) = 1181 N
Power supplied when traveling with this speed = 1181(20) = 23 600 W
D
2
17) Drag force, D = kv

2
2(36 000) = D(12) 2(36 000) = k(12 )(12)

3
36 000 = Dv 36 000 = kv
-1
v = 9.52 ms
D

18)

19a) Product of a force on a body and displacement of the body in the direction of the force

bi) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the system.

GPE = 2.00 (9.81) (0.500 sin 30) 5.00 (9.81) (0.500 sin 60) = 16.3 J

bii) Work done by frictional force on system = 2.00 (3.00) (0.500) = 3.00 J

biii) KE = GPE work done against friction = 16.3 3.00 = 13.3 J

2 -1
mv = 13.3 where m = 2.00 + 5.00 kg v = 1.95 m s
2
biv) Total energy gained by body A = [(2.00) (9.81) (0.500 sin 30) + (2.00) (1.95) ] = 8.71 J

20ai) Let be the mass of sugar deposited on the belt per unit time.
Mass of sugar deposited in time interval t =(t)
Net force on this mass of sugar = rate of change of its momentum over t
= (t)[v 0] / (t) = v = 18 x 3 = 54 N
since the initial horizontal velocity of sugar is = 0

aii) During time interval t, the belt would move by a distance of v(t)
During which the force on the belt = 54 N
Work done per unit time = Fv = 54 v = 54 x 3 = 162 W
2 2
aiii) Rate of increase of KE of sugar = v = (18)(3) = 81 W
Only half the power supplied goes into the increase in KE per unit time of the sugar.
The sugar did not immediately assume the speed of the belt. During the period when it is still not at the speed
of the belt, power is still being supplied to the belt but not translated into the KE of sugar. The dropped sugar
exerts a backward force on the belt. If there is no energy input to the belt then the belt will slow down.
 o o
b) Rate of increase of GPE = mgv sin20 = (36)(9.81) (3.0sin20 ) = 362 W
If the belt is unloaded then power is required by the motor only to overcome the friction of the machine parts.
-1
With (1) the inclination with 36 kg on it and (2) the dropping of 18 kg s of sugar on the belt,
Total power needed = (answer to aii) + 362 = 524 W

Level 2
1) After first impact, it rises to a height of (0.8)h
3
After 3 impacts, it rises to a height of (0.8) h
rd rd 3
Hence its KE after 3 = GPE gain after 3 impact = mg(0.8) h
A

2) Area under force-displacement graph represents energy.

E

3) Let h be the height of jump.

If the rope stretches immediately after the fall, total extension = L
2
If the rope obeys Hookes law, total EPE at the bottom = kL = 24 J
2 2
At half-way point, EPE = k(L/2) = (kL ) = (24) = 6 J
Since the rope does not stretch immediately, the EPE of the rope should not exceed 6 J.
D

o
4i) Work done by P = (320 cos15 ) x 30 = 9273 J P
Work done by N = 0 J
Work done by D = 53 x 30 = 1590 J N
o
Work done by W= (750sin20 )(30) = 7695 J

ii) Total work done by all forces = 12 J which is insignificant given the
D
magnitude of each work done. W

5)

6i) Energy generated by friction = Fx

ii) By Conservation of energy,

Lost in GPE of M = Gain in GPE of m + gain in KE of system + Fx
Mgx = mgxsin + gain in KE of system + Fx
gain in KE of system = Mgx mgxsin Fx