SPE-185506-MS

Five Years of Drilling with Casing in Argentina and Bolivia. Lessons Learned
from the Field

C. Espinosa, D. Codega, A. Caglieri, S. Grill, H. Guttner, and C. Roldan, Tenaris

Copyright 2017, Society of Petroleum Engineers

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18-19 May 2017.

This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents
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consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may
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Abstract
Drilling with Casing (DWC) has been used in over 500 strings in the last 5 years in Argentina and Bolivia.
The objective of this paper is to summarize the experiences and share the lessons learnt in those years from
the perspective of casing connections manufacturer.
Within this paper several cases where drilling with casing technology has been used in Argentina and
Bolivia. For each case there will be an explanation of the drivers behind the use of the technology, the
challenges that arose during the field implementation and the lessons learned. Special attention will be given
to the casing connections, the tools and services required and the limitations.
In Argentina and Bolivia drilling with casing has been used in extensively, in mature fields and shale
applications. In all cases the objective was to reduce cost and improve efficiency during drilling. However
the drivers where not always identical, in some cases the technology aimed to overcome drilling difficulties
as wellbore stability and circulation loss; in others reduce NPT and increase efficiency.
The analysis of the experiences with drilling with casing technology indicates that there are two critical
stages for the project: engineering and field operation. In the first, the analysis of fatigue, torque and buckling
shall be done properly to reduce risks and hazards, being fatigue the less known and more difficult to assess.
Regarding the second, the experience shows that improper handling and use of connections could lead to
sudden and unexpected failures compromising the project sustainability. The results are summarized in a
list of recommendations.
The experiences from the field have led to the development of specific tools and services aimed to extend
the benefits of the technology to other areas. Furthermore, the data collected will shape the design of next
generation of casing connections.
A guideline to select and operate casing connections in drilling with casing applications based on
extensive field experience.

Drilling with Casing in Argentina and Bolivia 2011-2016

Argentina and Bolivia have had several experiences with drilling with casing (DWC) during the period from
2011 to 2016, during this time the technology has become mainstream, used in a wide range of applications
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by different operators. The following map shows the location of main basins where the projects of DWC
have been deployed.

Figure 1Basins and DWC projects

More than 1'400.000 mts which represent more than 100.000 connections have been delivered to DWC
projects delivered in Argentina and Bolivia during the period 2011-2016. The following picture shows the
evolution of casing delivered to DWC applications in the mentioned period.
SPE-185506-MS 3

Figure 22011-2016 - Casing delivered for DWC applications - Argentina and Bolivia

During 2014-2105 the delivery of material for DWC reached a maximum, mostly related to the project of
vertical wells in shale oil applications where premium connection with metal to metal seal in 5" (magenta)
was used.
From 2014 there is a rise in the quantity of production casing (5.5" blue) in DWC, mostly for mature
fields.
Surface and intermediate casing in 9 5/8" and 13 3/8" used for DWC applications remain relatively
constant through 2013.

Scope
This paper objective is to summarize the experiences with DWC projects in Argentina and Bolivia in the last
5 years, from the perspective of the casing manufacturer. For that reason the focus of this document are the
casing connections and their performance. Based on these experiences the document includes a guideline
for selection casing connections for DWC projects and recommendations for field operations.

Golfo San Jorge

Case GSJ1 Surface Casing 9 5/8" - Operator 1
Well Schematic.

Figure 3Case GSJ1 - Well Schematic

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Objective. The main objective to perform DWC in this project was aimed to reduce NPT related to drill
pipe tripping. The target was set to drill 300-350m surface casing in less than 16 hours (Bazan 2012) (Gigera
2011). After pilot testing the technique become standard for the operator. Key advantages for the success
of the project was the rig type that included top drive and casing running tool.
Casing Connections. The first strings used BTC casing connections with torque rings installed in the J area
of the connections. The next step to improve operational performance was the use of premium shouldered
connections. From 2011 a more cost efficient semi premium shouldered connection was used.
Results. From 2011 to 2016 more than 200 strings were drilled with this technology. No failures of casing
were reported and average section drilling cost was reduced 10%. (Bazan 2012). From 2015 rig contract
expired and were replaced by conventional rigs that could not perform DWC and project stopped.

CASE GSJ2 Surface Casing Operator 2

Well Schematic.

Figure 4Case GSJ2 - Well Schematic

Objective. As the previous operator the project aimed to reduce flat times by reducing drill pipe tripping,
at the same time reducing the time to drill the section. In the case of deep intermediate sections (@1500m)
some sections with drilling difficulties are expected.
Casing connections
The project started using semi premium threaded and coupled shouldered connections with field proven
experience for surface casing.
Results. The results indicate that the better economics are for deeper sections where tripping time reduction
compensates the additional costs for DWC.

CASE GSJ3 Production Casing Operator 2 and 3

Well Schematic.
SPE-185506-MS 5

Figure 5Case GSJ3 - Well Schematic

Objective. Golfo San Jorge is a mature basin where the first projects of water flooding started more than 30
years ago. Currently most of the oil fields in the basin have water flooding projects on going, with more than
40% of the production of the basin coming from water flooding projects (Hirschfeldt 2012). Additionally
this basin has multilayer reservoirs of reduced lateral extension, with some wells producing or injecting to/
from 30 different pay zones (Hirschfeldt 2006). On top of this, there is presence of highly reactive clays the
react with water base mud. All of these aspects make drilling in these areas very challenging, in the same
column highly pressurized water flood formations are encountered with depleted formations and permeable
areas. The result is that loss of circulation, influx and wellbores instability are common during drilling,
especially in areas where water flooding is present.
Advantages. The use of DWC technology aimed to reduce the Non Productive Time related to the problems
mentioned previously. The technology would contribute from several aspects:

Elimination of wellbore calibration trips with drill pipe previous to logging and running casing

Reduce circulation losses by smear effect

Casing Connections. The projects for both operators started semi premium threaded and coupled
shouldered connections. However in one case there issues regarding over torqued connections, resulting in
a migration to a premium connection with variable thread pitch and dovetail.
Results. From 2011 to 2016 over 80 strings where installed using DWC by two operators in the basin.
Both operators will continue with their DWC projects in the basin during 2017; the value of the technology
is recognized for drilling in difficult areas.

Neuquina Basin
CASE NQN1 Surface Casing 9 5/8" - Operator 1
Well Schematic.
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Figure 6Case NQN1 - Well Schematic

Objective. An important operator faced several issues of total loss of circulation when drilling surface
casing section in tight gas and conventional oil fields. The consequences ranged from long NPT to stuck
drill strings.
In 2010 the operator decided to explore the use of DWC technology to address these problems.
Casing Connections. The project initiated with the use of torque rings, to migrate later to a more reliable
solution of shouldered premium connection. Finally, once it became available, a semi premium threaded
and coupled connection compatible with API BTC connections was set as the standard.
Results. More than 120 surface casing strings were drilled with DWC technology from 2010 to 2014. Only
one event of casing failure was registered during an operation with complete loss of circulation.
SPE-185506-MS 7

CASE NQN2 Surface Casing 9 5/8" Operator 2

Well Schematic.

Figure 7Case NQN2 - Well Schematic

Objective. This project is a gas tight project and the first objective of using DWC technology was the
reduction of NPT associated to drill pipe tripping and casing running. A pilot started and after several strings
the economics of the project justified the use of the technology.
Casing Connections. The first operation involved the use of BTC connections and torque rings but a
failure occurred and the operator decided to migrate to semi premium shouldered connections based in the
experience from other DWC projects.
Results. The use of DWC for surface casing contributed to the reduction of time and cost of drilling of the
section (Fernandez, et al. 2015). Currently more than 40 strings have been drilled with this technology.

CASE NQN3 Production Casing Operator 3

Well Schematic.

Figure 8Case NQN3 - Well Schematic

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Objective. The drilling of shale oil wells in the Loma Campana area in Neuquina basin in development
stage started in 2013 with vertical wells as shown in figure XX. The drilling of Quintuco and Vaca Muerta
poses the challenges of naturally fractured formations and overpressurized formations. The result is a very
narrow threshold of equivalent mud density. The strategy to drill these formations was the use of Under
Balanced Drilling (UBD). However new problems developed when casing need to be run and cemented,
the well control was precarious and in some cases, there was the need to let the formations to produce
until pressure dropped. After these problems the operator decided to use drilling with casing technology in
addition to UBD. (Hechem, Caprini y Abraham 2015)
Advantages of DWC. The use of DWC coupled with UBD brought several benefits to the operator (Romero
Mc Intosh, et al. 2015):

Improved well control during drilling through fractured formations

The elimination of flat times required to condition well bore and kill the well to run casing.

The increased range of pressure operating windows through the use of UBD with the reduced
wellbore of DWC.
Connections. For this project the operator required gas-tight connections to provide well integrity
during production with high gas production and during high pressure hydraulic fracturing. Given the loads
generated during the completion, the connection should have 100% efficiency in tension and compression.
When DWC operations were decided the operative torque of the connection was validated to assure proper
functioning during rotation. The connection chosen is a premium connection threaded and coupled with
metal to metal seal.
Results. From 2013 to mid 2015 214 wells were drilled using DWC + UBD. During 2014 a cost and time
comparison was performed by the operator and published in 2015 (Romero Mc Intosh, et al. 2015):

Parameter Conventional DWC+UBD Difference

Drilling

Average time per well 17.5 8.5 52%

Average cost per well 2.207 1.288 42%

Wells analyzed 14 22

Currently the operator is drilling horizontal wells and the DWC technology is no longer used in these
wells. Nevertheless, the cost and time reduction using the technique resulted in the technology being applied
in all wells that did not require open hole logs.
SPE-185506-MS 9

CASE NQN4 Surface Casing 9 5/8" and Production Casing 5.5" Operator 3
Well Schematic.

Figure 9Case NQN4 - Well Schematic

Objective. The main objectives to implement DWC technology is the reduction of NPTs associated to
tripping, wellbore conditioning and in some cases circulation losses.
Connections. From the first well the operator selected threaded and coupled semi premium shouldered
connections compatible with BTC, based in experience in other fields.
Results. A pilot started with 3 wells drilled where connection and services where evaluated. In particular
the makeup quill tool was used and connections were delivered clean, measured and drifted to location.
The results were successful with connection time 4 minutes average and without incidents. Up to 2016 11
strings of 5.5" production casing and 6 strings 9 5/8 surface casing were installed with the technology. 2 of
these wells had both sections drilled using DWC technology.
10 SPE-185506-MS

Bolivia
CASE BOL1 Surface Casing 13 3/8" Operator 1
Well Schematic.

Figure 10Case BOL1 - Well Schematic

Objective. In northern fields in Bolivia when drilling the hole for surface casing some problems arise:
loss of circulation and water influx from shallow formations (approx. 150m). The problems derived in
controlling influxes and circulation losses translated in more days for drilling and NPTs.
The use of DWC has resulted in savings of approximately 200 KUSD and drilling time reduction of 65%
for surface section (Campos Pinto, et al. 2015). The reduced annular space reduced circulation losses by
reducing mud flow rates, while influxes could be controlled without stopping drilling. (Paper WFT)
Connections. The initial operations were performed with API BTC connections and torque rings. To
increase reliability and to reduce risks related to fatigue performance and operational simplicity the operator
migrated to semi premium BTC compatible connection.
Results. More than 11 wells were drilled successfully using 13 3/8" casing. The technology has been
standardized for the surface casing section in all northern fields of the operator. During 2016 a trial was
performed drilling intermediate section with 9 5/8" casing, reaching final depth of 1800 mts considered a
regional record for this type of technology.

Connections Description
The present section describes the attributes of the casing connections that have been used in DWC operations
in Argentina and Bolivia

Semi premium Threaded and Coupled shouldered connection compatible with BTC
Tenaris developed a semi premium connection with a shoulder in the coupling that will allow the application
of torque for operations where rotation of the string was required. The fatigue performance of the connection
was validated through full scale tests (FST). The connection was designed to be compatible with API BTC
connections reducing the need for cross overs.
SPE-185506-MS 11

This connection is the most used in DWC in Argentina y Bolivia, for surface casing sections is the only
connection that currently is being used with the satisfactory results.
The torque shoulder incorporated in the coupling allows three things:

Transmit torque

Covers "J" area of the coupling reducing erosion

Increases compression efficiency to 100%

Figure 11Semipremium threaded and coupled shouldered connection

Premium Threaded and Coupled shouldered connection with metal to metal seal
As mentioned above, for the particular case of vertical wells in shale applications the operator required a
connection with gas-tight capabilities able to transmit torque with fatigue resistance validated through full
scale test. The option selected was a threaded and coupled shouldered connection with metal to metal seal.
This connection has been subjected to full scale testing to guarantee gas sealability.

Figure 12Premimum Threaded and Coupled shouldered connection with metal to metal seal
12 SPE-185506-MS

Premium Threaded and Coupled connection with variable dovetail thread profile with metal to
metal seal
For reduced wall thickness where torque of shouldered connections is limited, the alternative is a threaded
and coupled connection with variable dovetail thread profile.

Figure 13Premium Threaded and Coupled connection with variable dovetail thread profile with metal to metal seal

Failures
The number of connections that have failed in service has been very low, less than 0.002% of all joints
delivered to the field failed. Nevertheless the analysis of these failures is important to reduce the risk of
repeating them.

Cut in 9.625 semi premium joint

The following example summarizes the failure analysis performed in a failed s joint of semi premium
shouldered connection during DWC operation.
Background. When the connection failed it was operating in a condition of full circulation loss. The
registered operating parameters indicated very high torque values at the surface.
Material condition. The following pictures show the condition of the sample. The damage in section D
occurred after the failure and during fishing operations. In sample A it can be seen that pin is still made
up in the box.
SPE-185506-MS 13

Figure 14Failed connections retrieved from the well

Failure Analysis. The samples were analyzed and characterized using nondestructive testing, electronic
microscopy and laboratory testing. Some of the findings are listed below with pictures.
The pin and shoulders showed plastic deformation associated to high torque loads.

Figure 15Failed connection - middle cut

In one section after removing the coupling a mark was found using wet magnetic particles inspection.
14 SPE-185506-MS

Figure 16Connection with cracks

Using proper techniques the crack was opened for investigation. Highly deformed thread was encountered
close to the crack.

Figure 17Connection with cracks - cut sample

The analysis of crack surface indicated the presence of ratchet marks that could be associated to cyclic
fatigue loads.
SPE-185506-MS 15

Figure 18Crack surface analyzed with electronic microscope

The analysis of the sample identified that over torque and extreme loads conditions resulted in a premature
failure of the component.
Over torque in 5.5" semi premium joint. Several drift restrictions were encountered in wells that were
drilled with casing 5.5" with semi premium casing connections. The analysis concluded that the most
probable origin of the problem was excessive torque applied. There are several origins of over torque during
drilling:

Improper operative practices during make-up (Tenaris s.f.)

Dynamic forces applied by the top drive (Abrahamsen 2008)

Torsional vibrations (Spanos, et al. 2009)

Preventive actions during operation shall be taken to prevent the occurrence of these events. The
following image shows an over torqued connection were it can be seen how drift could be affected.

Lessons Learned
Guide for Selecting Connections for Drilling with Casing
One of the key outputs for this paper is to propose a guide to select connections for Drilling with Casing
and rotating operations. These guide is based in research and development performed by Tenaris and the
field experience.
Additional Requirements for rotating tubulars. Compared to standard "static" casing design, there are
additional loads that shall be analyzed and verified when casing will be rotated. The following table
summarizes those new loads:
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Table 1Design considerations for casing connections

Type of Service Service Conditions Axial Load Burst Collapse Torque Fatigue

As installed

Drilling next section

Static Well Control

Completion

Production

Running in hole (w/o rotation)

Reaming in/out
Dynamic
Drilling

Cementing

: Conventional casing design : Casing design for rotating strings

Torque and Drag. During DWC operations the rotating string will be subjected to drag forces originated
in the motion of itself and the interaction with the wellbore and fluids. It is of great importance to evaluate
those forces during planning phase for two reasons:

Torque might reach large magnitudes and exceed the operational limits of connections. In fact, one
of the critical aspects for selecting a connection is the torque that will be developed during the
operations in rotation.
Buckling status. It has been stated (Mitchell 2006) that helical buckled strings shall not be rotated
as the effects of fatigue and wear increase beyond acceptable limits and will probably result in
early failures. (Rodriguez Jordan, Grittini, et al. 2014)
Even though several models have been developed it is important to understand that there are limitations
and that those are approximations to reality. There is plenty of information discussing the aptitude of current
Torque and drag models that is beyond the scope of this paper. (Mitchell and Robello 2009).
Fatigue. Anytime a string is rotated in a tortuous hole there is potential for fatigue induced damage. While
the string is rotating the pipe body and connections are subjected to alternate loads that may provoke failure
even when nominal mean stress is below yield stress of the material.

Figure 19Alternative loads in rotating casing strings From (Rodriguez Jordan, Grittini, et al. 2014)
SPE-185506-MS 17

The fatigue resistance of casing connections is a relatively new field where casing manufacturers are
researching. (Rodriguez Jordan, Grittini, et al. 2014) (Rodriguez Jordan, Merliahmad, et al. 2014). The main
conclusions of those investigations are:

The fatigue of casing connections is a very complex problem

The use of finite element analysis and the use of Stress Concentration Factor have limited
application
The only reliable method currently available to assess casing connections fatigue life are full scale
testing (Rodriguez Jordan, Grittini, et al. 2014)
Tenaris has performed several full scale tests on their proprietary connections, which have been traduced
in full scale testing validated Stress Cycles curves. The authors consider that a fatigue resistance analysis
shall be performed during engineering phase using data as real as possible in order to reduce risks during
operational phase.
Limitations and Uncertainties. As mentioned in the paragraphs above it is paramount to simulate as best as
possible the different loads the drilling string will be subjected during the different operations. Nevertheless
there are still several uncertainties that are not possible to simulate:

Variation of operations parameters. The actual value of rpm, torque, hook loads and weight on bit
are not known in advance. If those values peak above the connection limits they may probably
damage them and provoke earlier failures.
Real wellbore geometry and formation properties. The actual trajectory, caliper and formation
properties may be different from previous experiences. High unexpected and non-detectable
tortuosity could cause premature failures in the string.
Vibrations and transitory effects. It has been documented (Spanos, et al. 2009) that during drilling
there are vibrations that can affect the performance of drilling and in some cases provoke premature
failure of drill pipe and drill collars. The same effects could lead to premature failure of casing
connections when used for drilling.
Actual buckling condition. The buckling simulation is done by considering input data that may be
different from the actual conditions in the well. Excessive buckling could lead to premature failure
of the casing.

Field Operation
Along with planning and engineering phases the operations in the field are extremely important. Especially
those related to proper condition and make-up of the connections. A proper assembly of the connections is
vital to obtain the expected performance. The effects of improper handling, preparation and make-up are
magnified exponentially in operations where connections are rotated thousands of cycles.

Connections Preparation
As indicated in API 5C1 and running manuals of all connections manufacturers (Tenaris s.f.) The correct
removal of storage compound is mandatory for a correct make-up. One key difference of drilling with
casing is that the cleaning and drifting of casing cannot be made while the rig is drilling, and could delay
the operation. In some cases to maximize the savings of DWC the connections are sent to the rig cleaned,
drifted and measured ready for make-up.

Make-Up
The make-up of connections is the most important operation in DWC to assure the proper performance of
the connections. Among the most important things to be aware are the following:
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Prevent damage during manipulation. Damaged thread profiles could create high concentration
points prone to premature failure.
Apply dope correctly. In Annex 2 there are some examples of improper thread compound
application. The use of improper thread compound type or an inadequate application may result in
galling of thread flanks and reduced fatigue life of connections.
Apply proper make-up torque. The proper application of torque is directly related to connection
performance. Low torque may let connections loose resulting in reduced life under rotation, while
over torque may affect shoulder or seals affecting performance during drilling or in service.
Experience from field showed that proper calibration of top drive is important, especially for low
rpm as required to make-up connections. Additionally dynamic effects of top drive could result in
over torque connections (Abrahamsen 2008)

BHA and Accessories

The correct specification of the connection in BHA elements and accessories: bit, float collars, short pipe,
circulation subs, etc. shall be done during planning phase. Once in the rig is extremely difficult to obtain
the proper accessory. If the connection in bit and/or float collars are different from the casing it may require
the use of crossovers not always readily available, or in some cases may limit the applicable torque / cycles.

Make-up Quill
In 2014 there was a peak in activity related to drilling worldwide and tools and services were scarce. Several
customers asked Tenaris to develop an alternative to casing running tools for DWC operations. The answer
was crossover called make-up quill that allows the connection of top drive's drill pipe connection (typically
NC50) to each casing connection. The tool included carefully selected tolerances and surface treatment to
withstand multiple make and breaks while maintaining enough lifting capacity for operations. The service
included the presence of a field service specialist that guaranteed the proper condition of the threads and
the inspection after each job. The following photos show the tool on rig floor.

Figure 20Make-up quill mounted on rig

SPE-185506-MS 19

The advantages of the tool became evident:

Quick installation in the rig, typically less than 20 minutes. The tool usually is connected to the top
drive with the iron rough neck of the rig and the weight allows easy manipulation. Non electrical
nor hydraulic lines need to be connected
Full flow rate capability. The internal diameter is the same of the casing so there are not restrictions
for flow rate.
Comparable joint time. With proper practice of drillers the time to make up each joint was
comparable to casing running tools.

Conclusions
The DWC technology has been validated in multiple projects in main basins in Argentina and Bolivia. Over
1'400.000 meters of casing delivered for these projects which represent more than 500 strings.
The main benefits associated with DWC technology is the reduction of nonproductive times and the
enhanced well control for complicated areas.
DWC has been used in several types of projects: shale oil, tight gas and mature oil fields.
Semi premium shouldered connection has been the preferred solution when gas sealability was not
required.
Premium shouldered connection with metal to metal seal was widely used in shale applications where
gas sealability was required.
Sound engineering analysis is necessary for successful DWC. An important aspect of this phase is the
appropriate selection of casing connection which shall include additional analysis compared to conventional
casing design. The connection selection shall evaluate torque and drag effects, and fatigue damage analysis
based on actual full scale test of connections.
Adequate field practices are mandatory to assure the performance of connections in the field including:
cleaning and preparation, application of thread compound and make-up.
Uncertainties and risks remain present as actual conditions on the well cannot always be simulated or
foreseen. As with standard drill pipe, severe loss of circulation, excessive weight on bit, over torque and
vibrations can reduce casing connections life and result in premature failures.

Glossary
DWC : Drilling with casing
UBD : Under Balanced Drilling
MUQ : Make up quill
NPT : Nonproductive time

Bibliography
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by IADC/SPE. IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. Jakarta, Indonesia: IADC /
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de Perforacion, Terminacion, Reparacion y Servicio de Pozos. Buenos Aires, Argentina: IAPG, 2012.
Campos Pinto, Jose, Marco Dominguez Mendez, Julio Toro Ibaez, and Edwin Badani Aguirre. "Aislando problemas de
prdidas de circulacin, influjo de agua y estabilidad de pozo a travs de la aplicacin de la tecnologa de perforacin
con casing perforando dos secciones continuas, ahorrando hasta 5 dias de perforacin en los campos del Norte de."
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Aires, Argentina: IAPG, 2015.
Gigera, Maximiliano. "Perforacion con Casing en Secciones de Superficie de la CGSJ." Jornadas de Perforacin,
Terminacin y Reparacin de Pozos. Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina: IAPG, 2011.
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Hechem, Juan Ignacio, Juan Jose Caprini, and Facundo Abraham. "Combination of Managed Pressure Drilling and Casing
While Drilling Techniques: Comparison, Advantages and Operational Challenges." 2do Congreso Latinoamericano y
del Caribe de Perforacion, Terminacion, Reparacion y Servicio de Pozos. Buenos Aires, Argentina: IAPG, 2015.
Hirschfeldt, Marcelo. "Artifitial Lift in Mature Fields Case Study of the Golfo San Jorge Basing, Argentina." Artifitial
Lift Conference. Jakarta, Indonesia, 2006.
Hirschfeldt, Marcelo. "Water Management Experience in Mature Basin in South Argentina. Case Study of Golfo San
Jorge Basin, Argentina." 3rd Annual World Congress of Well Stimulation and EOR. Xin, China: BIT Congress Inc.,
China, 2012.
Mitchell, Robert F. "Tubing Buckling - The State of the Art." Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. San Antonio,
TX: SPE, 2006. 24-27 September.
Mitchell, Robert F., and Samuel Robello. "How Good Is the Torque/Drag Model?" Edited by Society of Petroleum
Engineers. SPE Drilling & Completion, March 2009: 6271.
Rodriguez Jordan, Gonzalo, Mustafa Merliahmad, Santiago Grittini, and Gaston, Tenaris Mazzaferro. "Fatigue Analysis of
OCTG Premium Connections: Theory, Laboratory Testing and Application." Offshore Technology Conference Asia.
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Rodriguez Jordan, Gonzalo, Santiago Grittini, Gaston Mazzaferro, and Esteban Urdaneta. "Rotating Casing Strings:
Overview of Fatigue Assessment Methodology Based in Full Scale Lab Testing, and Application Case Stories." IADC/
SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition. Fort Worth, Dallas: IADC/SPE, 2014.
Romero Mc Intosh, Cristian, Jonatan Medina, Nicolas Calegari, and Rodrigo Martin. "Perforacion con Casing en Pozos
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SPE-185506-MS 21

Annex 1
2011-2016 Casing for DWC Argentina and Bolivia
The annex includes the amount of casing meters delivered to DWC projects according to the end and basin:
22 SPE-185506-MS

Annex 2
Casing Connections Preparation

Cleaning
This annex exemplifies the recommended practices for cleaning and preparing connections for running.

Figure 21Casing Connections with storage compound

Figure 22Casing connections with adecuate cleaning

Additionally Figure 23 shows connections that are especially prepared to be run without addional work
in the rig, pin is cleaned and protected with a compound compatible with thread compound. The effective
length of the connection is marked on couplings.

Figure 23Casing connections with protective wax and effective length marked on coupling - ready for running
SPE-185506-MS 23

Thread Compound Application

Figure 24Improper thread compound application

Figure 25Adecuate thread compound application