Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
X Hn (x) n
exp s2 + 2xs = s ,
n
n!
(a) Show that the Hermite polynomials obey the dierential equation
Hn00 (x) 2xHn0 (x) + 2nHn (x) = 0
and = m/~x,
p
1
(a) Compute uncertainties x and P in position and momentum. [Hint: To calculate
expectation values, rst write X and P in terms of the lowering operator a and its
adjoint.]
(b) Show that the average kinetic energy is equal to the average potential energy (Virial
Theorem).
8. A particle of mass m in the harmonic oscillator potential, starts out at t = 0, in the state
2
(x, 0) = A (1 2)2 e
where A is a constant and = m/~x.
p
Solutions:
1. Since V (x) = for x 0, (x) = 0 for x 0. The Schrodinger time-independent
equation is then
~2 00 1
+ m 2 x2 = E x0
2m 2
(0) = 0
and must be square integrable. This problem is same as usual harmonic oscillator except
that we must choose only those eigenfunction which satisfy the bc of the half harmonic
oscillator, that is (0) = 0. If n (x) = Hn () exp( 2 /2), then we know that n satises
the above de and bc if n is odd. Thus, the energy eigenvalues of the half harmonic oscillator
are
1
En = n+ ~ n = 1, 3, 5, . . .
2
2
2. The potential energy can be written as
1
V (x) = m 2 x2 qE0 x
2
qE0 2 q 2 E02
1 2
= m x
2 m 2 m 2
H0 is just a number.
3. Then ~ = 2170 cm1 = 2170 1.24 104 eV. Calculate force constant K = m 2 .
4. See Arfken.
5. Prove this by using the recurrence relations given in problem 4.
6. Note
r
~
X = a + a
2m
r
m~
P = 1
i a a
2
The matrix elements are
D E
Xmn = m , Xn
r
~ D E
= m , a + a n
2m
r
~
= m , nn1 + n + 1n+1
2m
r
~
= = nm,n1 + n + 1m,n+1
2m
Simillarly
D E
Pm,n = m , P n
r
m~
= (i) nm,n1 n + 1m,n+1
2
7. Note
r
~
X = a + a
2m
r
m~
P = 1
i a a .
2
Then D E
X = Xn,n = 0
and D E
P = Pn,n = 0.
3
Now
D E ~ D E
X 2 = n , a + a a + a n
2m
~ D E
= n , a2 + a2 + aa + a a n
2m
~ ~
= (0 + 0 + (n + 1) + n) = (2n + 1).
2m 2m
Simillarly D E ~m
P 2 = (2n + 1)
2
(a) Thus,
1
X P = n + ~
2
(b) Note:
1 D 2 E ~ 1
hKi = P = (n + )
2m 2 2
and
1 D E ~ 1
hV i = m 2 X 2 = (n + )
2 2 2
8. Now,
1
(x, 0) = 30 2 21 + 2 22
5
where n is the nth eigenfunction of energy operator.
1 1
30 eiT /2 2 21 ei3T /2 + 2 22 ei5T /2 = 30 + 2 21 + 2 22
5 5
9. Given:
||2 X n
= e 2 n
n=0 n!
4
(a) Now
||2 X n
a = e 2 an
n=0 n!
||2 X n
= e 2 nn1
n=1 n!
||2 X n1
= e 2 p n1
n=1 (n 1)!
=
Then,
h , a i =
D E
, a = ha , i = .
q
Now, X = a + a ,
~
2m
D E r
~ D E
, X = , a + a
2m
r r
~ 2~
= ( + ) = (Re)
2m m
And, X2 = a2 + a + 2a a + 1 , so
2 2
~
2m a + a = 2m
~
D E ~
X 2 2 + 2 + 2||2 + 1
=
2m
~
= (2Re)2 + 1
2m
Finally,
~ 2~
x2 = (2Re)2 + 1 (Re)2
2m m
~
=
2m
Now, simillary, p2 = ~2 m
and
2 ~
~
x p = .
2
Here the product of uncertainties is as minimum as it can get!
5
(c) If (0) = , then
X n
||21
(t) = e ei(n+ 2 )t n
2
n=0 n!
it n
||2 X e
it/2 2
= e e n
n=0 n!
= eit/2 0
where 0 = eit .
(d) Now if we write (x) in space represenetation, we need to substitute
1/2 1
2
n (x) = e /2 Hn ()
n
2 n!
1/2
(1)n 2 /2 dn 2
= = e e
2n n! dxn