Holy Angel University

Angeles City
College of Nursing

A Report of DIABETES MELLITUS

PREVENTION PROGRAM
of the Department Of Health of the
Republic of the Philippines

Submitted by:
Alambra, Carlo Raphael R.
Angeles, Jocelyn Lois
Chua, Mark Renelle

Submitted to:
Mr. Gideon B. Moral, RN, MAeD, MAN

Date Submitted:
July 23, 2010
 The National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program was a master plan
formulated by the National Diabetes Commission and later, by the Oversight Committee
for Diabetes Program in 1998. The program aims to decrease the cases and deaths
from diabetes mellitus, which became the leading cause of 9th leading cause of death in
1995 and 5th in 1998.

Although diabetes mellitus is a controllable disease, the combination of diabetes

and other risk factors decreases your chance of living a normal life span. It is very
important that you take steps before you are diagnosed with diabetes to prevent its
onset or to delay the onset as long as possible.

The single most important step you can take in the prevention of diabetes is to
live a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes many different aspects of your life.
Eating a healthy diet is essential to helping your body to perform its normal tasks as
naturally as possible. A regular exercise routine is essential to maintaining a healthy
weight and in keeping your muscles toned, which allows your muscles to assist your
internal organs in performing their tasks. Avoiding stress, or learning how to deal with
stress in a healthy manner, helps your brain and nervous system to work with other
parts of your body to perform the tasks needed to sustain life.

What are the types of diabetes?

Type 1 – Insulin dependent diabetes

It results from the body's failure to produce insulin. Develops during
childhood or adolescence and affects about 10% of all diabetic patients.
Sufferers require a lifetime of insulin injection for survival since their pancreas
cannot produce insulin.
Type 2 – Non-insulin dependent diabetes
It results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use
insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency.
How will you know if you are a diabetic?
• If you urinate frequently, experience excessive thirst and unexplained weight
loss.
• If your casual blood sugar (plasma glucose) level is higher than 200mg/dl.
• If you have fasting plasma glucose level of not more than 126mg/dl.
• If you have any these symptoms, especially if you are overweight or
hypertensive, you should see your doctor right away for proper guidance and
treatment.

Who are at risk of diabetes?

• children of diabetics
• obese people
• people with hypertension
• people with high cholesterol levels
• people with sedentary lifestyles

What can you do to control your blood sugar?

1. Diet Therapy
Avoid simple sugars like cakes and chocolates. Instead have complex
carbohydrated like rice, pasta, cereals and fresh fruits.
o Do not skip or delay meals. It causes fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
o Eat more fiber-rich foods like vegetables.
o Cut down on salt.
o Avoid alcohol. Dietary guidelines recommend no more than two drinks for
men and no more than one drink per day for women.

2. Exercise
o Regular exercise is an important part of diabetes control.
o Improves cardiovascular fitness
 o Helps insulin to work better and lower blood sugar
o Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels
o Reduces body fat and controls body weight Exercise at least 3 time a
week for at least 30 minutes each session. Always carry quick sugar
sources like candy or soft drink to avoid hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
during and after exercise.

3. Control your weight

o If you are overweight or obese, start weight reduction by diet and exercise.
This improves your cardiovascular risk profile.
o It lowers your blood sugar
o It improves your lipid profile
o It improves your blood pressure control

4. Quit smoking.
o Smoking is harmful to your health. 5. Maintain a normal blood pressure.
o Since having hypertension puts a person at high risk of cardiovascular
disease, especially if it is associated with diabetes, reliable BP monitoring
and control is recommended. See your doctor for advice and
management.
o If there is no improvement in blood sugar what advice can I expect my
doctor to give?
o There are drug therapies using oral hypoglycemic agents. Your doctor can
prescribe one or two agent, depending on which is appropriate for you.
 Sulfonylurea – Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glimepiride,
Repaglinide
 Biguanide – Metformin
 Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors – Acarbose
 Thiazolidindione – Troglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Proglitazone.
Remember
If you have the classic symptoms of diabetes:
o See your doctor for blood sugar testing
o Start dieting
o eat plenty of vegetables
o avoid sweets such as chocolates and cakes
o cut down on fatty foods
o Exercise regularly
o If you are obese, try to lose some weight
o Avoid alcohol drinking and stop smoking
o If you are hypertensive, consult your doctor for advice and management