YIM UW KPATKU TPAH3UT Y KACHOJ AHTMIM HA TIPAMEPY MYHbCKOYr BPA MW POPATMUE Pagmuna 3orosuh, Apxeonomxn mucraryr, Beorpay YY cynxnonncawy pueke ekonomuje jenant on Hajpaxnujux caxropa yrmaja Guo je ‘spancnopr. Y pamy ce pacnpassa o cbyHKAMoHNcaly gyror H KpaTkor TpaHsiTa ja ekovloekoj penauuju rpag — ceo — ewia pycruxa. Hamas KepamuKe ca noKanurera y oKxomuunt Poraraue 1 Myssckor Gpya koa Toxere noxasyjy a je cHerem Kpatkor Tpan3ura Ht CKOHOMCKIE NPHHAHITL MOAONPKEpERHE H 3aRATCKE MPOHSBORHE MPH BHIaMa pycTuKaMa cbyuxuonuca my mepuogy KacHe aNTuKe. Kmysne peu: exonowslja, Tpakicropr, rprosaiia, saHaTcrso, omompuspera. TMocroje yraasnom ypa yoOwiajena munubewa KaKo je cbyaKunonncana exoxomuja y nepuony Pumckor uapersa. To jenuuma, (byakunoHucasta je Kao jacam ogHoc Ha pesauuju nposMHunja — Hopes ~ apMuja m rnaBHH rpay, WTO CYMITHHCKM HAM cHcTeM MonuTHIKe exoHoMuje. pyri je BUye Kao AoGpO MuTerpHical CKOHOMCKH ciICTeM YHYTap Kora MONMTHYKA eKOHOMuja urpa BaKHY YNOTY, aH KOju je TaKObe Guo yHMCpuIUMpaH TPrOBUHOM y SeMsbULLITY, KpeqHTHMa 1 HomOMpuBpemHOM npousBORHOM.! IIpeMa nocnesiBeM MHILbe- Wy, PUMCKa eKOHOMMja je Moria qa Oyme MTerpHcaHa y NPYUITBY H BAH TonMTHKe eKoHOMje.? Ho, OHIO Kako fa CxBATHMO ¢bYHKUMOHHICAHe eKO- vomuje y PHMcKoM waperry, cpaKaKo je jena on Hajpaxnujnx cbaxropa yrnuaja 6uo tpancnopr; y OKBupy Kora je puMcka eKOHOMuja pasmuKonara yea npununa: npumm xyror 4 KpaTkor TpaKsHa. 1G, Woots, Imperialism, empire and integration of the Roman economy, World Archeology 3 K GREEN, The archaeology of the Roman Economy, University of Califort Los Angelos 1986, 17. Press, Berkley and Tnacuuk Cpnckor apxeonourxor apyurrsa / Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society 20 (2004) 85-92TCALVISAS 20 (2004) Ckynosn cexwuija: — Autuuka apxeoxornja Tneqano 43 _pyror yria, pHMcKa €KOHOMHja, Hy OKBMpy He TpaH3HT Kao Hajpaxuuju dbaxtop yrumaja, Guta je 3aucHa on onMoca Ha penayuja rpay — ceno ~ Buna pycraKa. Opakas oyoc Kapono je GMO BaxkaH ¥ carsepaBarsy (byHkuvonvcama nomonpuspeye M TproBMHe NOmOMpUBpeAHUM apTHKMHMa, au Hisje GHO HH ON HapouHTo Maker 3HaYAja 3a (byHKNHOHHCaWe 3anaTeTBA VW TpropHne pa3nwuMTHM 3aHaTCKHM MpOUsBONWMa. OBakBa Besa u3Meby romonpuspeye Mi 3aHaTcrBa cacTojana ce y ToMe urro je xpaHa Kao Haj- HenaaTHenjM apTHKan Ha TpXULITY Gva TOTOBO yBeK cacTaBHE leo passe unTor Tpancnopra, 6ux10 Na ce pajuto O JYTOM HAM KpaTKOM TpaHcnopTy. Tako, Ha IpuMep, KepaMH4KH NPOHSBOAM HUCY HMKaga “nyToBanH” can, Beh cy yrnaBHoM Tpaxcnoprosanu 3ajenHo ca xpanom.! Hujeqar oy oa ypa aprukaa Huje mpsmajao MpaMapHoM ceKropy exouomuje aHTHUKOT nepuosta, aa je crlajao y TpKUMIMO HajNcraaTuBHie. C ypyre crpaxe, yoOuajeHo je na ce cMaTpa fa je puMcKa Buna Onna mpHumnujeriu micrpyMeHT T0%0- TIpHEpesHe eKcMMOATANHje H HCH EKOHOMCKH OHOC MIpeMa FpajlcKOM LeRTpPy ce nojpasyMeBa Kao OfHOC Ha pesalujM Mpou3BO_ra — TpaHcHopT ~ Tp- -xunTe. Maine nosuat je ogHoc ceno ~ rpayl, jep 360r cnaGe OvyRaHocTH cena HMje MO3HaT YeCTO HM HHXOB NpHOAWKAK Gpoj y oKoNMHM O_pehexor rpan- cKor UeHTpa, 1a caMUM THM Huje HOBOHO jaca HM HUXOB yrumaj Ha cTavoBHMUITRO Hf TproBaaK cucTem. TpayMUMOHANHO cxBaTaibe aHTHIKOr rpaga jecte qa je on crenumre 3anata u TprosnHe. CynpoTHo TOMe, HoBUja HcTpaxunatsa npecrapmajy ocHony 3a craHoBuurre ya rpaqoBu HMCY GH y OCHOBHOM CMMCHY WeHTPH 3aHaTCKe NPOH3BORHe, HATH TproBwHe, Beh a cy MHCIpyMeHTH yripabe Koj ce jaBmajy KaO OpraHU3aTOpH MpOH3BOAHe 1 ‘repuropuje ceockux ra3quacraba,> OK yrpasa BHIaMa cllajla y JOMeH npH- BaTHOr arepa, Kao H T3B. apcroxparcKe TpropuHe. TuMe ce Ha u3BecTaH HauHH Bue “cxBarajy” Kao MOKagaTebH ONHOCA H3Meby rpaya M cena, LOK 6an3una, 1j. oAHOC BHA NpeMa PHMcKHM ]PyMOBEMa H rpayjoBHMa MOKasyje norpeGy 3a TpaHcnopTom H Moxkqa opujeHTaujy mpemMa TpxKMMHO} eKOHO- uju.® [lepwog kacHe aHTHKe yclleq BeENVKe CKOHOMCKe KpH3e JOHOCH Ha TOM HOY CBAKAKO HIMCHE, aM KAKBe HM KONMKe MM TO joul yReK He 3Hamo. C jee crpave nocrojm TpanMMoHaNHo MHULUBeHE ja cy Youe, eKOHOMCKe Kpiise Mulore Bie “MuNyeane”, a upyre ce ‘Tpaccbopmucame y ceocKe WeHTpe WM oricTane 3axpaxyjyhu TOMe ITO cy MoTMane no_ mpoyec “doprH- qpuxaunje”.’ Taxobe ce yoOnuajeno cmarpa ja je Ayr Tpacnopr roToBO 4G. Pucci, Potery and trade in the roman period, in: Trade in the Ancient Economy, University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angelos 1983, 112. 5 Jl Hukonon, Oprarursanna wa rpanognte & puncKa Tpaxis, y “JTocemayen aeusom 6 Tpaxux”, Cumnosirym 14-17 centemGpu 1982, SouGom, 95-96, 6 R, Hausster, The Romanisation of the civitas Vangionum, Institut of Archaelogy, Bulletin, London 1994, 69. 7B, B, JIanycruna, Buwisr 8 sara mposKHUE pHnicKolt Hamepus, Becmuuk Opesnett uc- ‘mopuu, Mocksa 1985, 166, 177 86P. 3oropuh Jlyru « Kparku Tpansir y KacHoj anni MOTNyHO HeCTAO, M Fa Cy rpaslOBH NOCcTeNeHO OX*KMB_ABATH cBojy WekajleH- nujy y ypOanuamy, y cmucsry ot rpaycKor yo pypastuor.S Hacyupor oBakBom cranopMmrTy crojH Wonnje carmenaparwe Koje cRefOHH O MpHBpeMcHoj yeKa- jeHnuju rpajlcKor 2*KHBOTA, M TaKObe O TOME fla AYTH TPaHsHT HUje muIYesA0, neh ROxHBEO HaMeHe Y MPOMeHM pyTa, Kao U KBAHTHTeTA, Na caMUM THM 1 cmaisentoj yuecranocti werowor npakTHKonarsa.? Taxo je Hy MepHojly KacHe aHTHKe (yHKNMOHHCAO HpHHUMN YyrOr TpaHsuTa, 1a je adypHIKO ysbe H Warbe W3BOXeHO y HCTOWRM MepwrepaH H ganaqHe MpoBHANuje, a adppuuKe samme y Ilmannjy, Panujy, Arannjy, wa ipso ope, Kunap, Eranar uy Bpwranuijy.'? ‘Anu mma ce y MepHony Kacke aHTHKe jleulaBa ca KpaTKHM TpausHToM? Ou HeOcHopHo oncraje # pyHKUMOHMIEe Kao CKOHOMCKO HicILNaTHBHjH, aH KAKO on sanpano ¢bynxionmme yKonMKo ce ne pycTHKe Tpaxccbopmuuly, a rpanonk JOxuBmanajy peKanenunjy? JIpa, nomao saGopansena, Hasasa, jenan ca Mytscxor 6pya Koy Moxkere (cu. 1),!! a ypyri #3 oKonuHe PoraTHue (cn. 2),!2 Mory a Mlocmyxe Kao MpHMepH 3a pasMHULbae O MpUMcHH KpaTkor Tpanavra M penatujm rpax ~ Bua pycruKa ~ ceo. Ha 06a noKaan- ‘veTa WeHTHUHH cy Hamas WBA KepaMMUKa Kpyara M TOTOBO HyCHTHIHH Hamasn noHMa, 7). Wome ca WBE ApUIKe, OcuM OMX KepaMMUKUX Haylaza Ha noxkanuTety Koy Porarune esijienTupana cy jou! Tp KepaMMaKa cyjta: Wosba ca jeqHoM puIKoM, “GoKacta” oma 6e3 ApIIKe H WoIa ca “3Be3acTOM” nporpunanujom. Hanasu ca 06a noKamrera qatyjy ce y mepuon IV Bexa.'* Kepamuuxn cyjonit crranajy y THnMuNe KepaMHuKe Hama3ze KaKBH ce Haase cpyna 10 PuMcKoM UapeTRy y Mepuony Kacue anTuKe, HajOmmxe anaaoruje cuny Kpyara 3 Porarnye « MyscKor 6pya HaasHMo Ha HexporionH KO Ceunoma y Cpemy, anu wa Hexpononama Cnanros m Ante HeKponone y Pymynuju.4 Ha Hexponoam Cnanros rakobe wana3mmo m aHasornje 3a ocrane Kepammuxe oGunke ca Myssckor Gpaa u Porataye.!5 HecyMmupo ya cy 06a JOKamutera, Tj. HUXOBa OKOMHHA, OHIN H YeHTpH Kepammuke mpousnopiwse. Oxommna Poraraue 6pojM fo caya ornpusNKe uekux 7 BHaa pycTukal® HeKomMKO TOKaluja ca HeompeheHOM O3HaKOM 8°T, Lewrr, Agricultural Production in the Roman Economy A.D. 200 - 400, Oxford 1991, 57 9 Ibid, 55. 10 phid., 52m nave. 11M. 3oTopith, Hooweza w oxomna, Toxera 1978, 118. 12 F, Fiat, Romische Brandgriber bei Rogatica, Wissenschafiligen Mitteilungen aus Bosnia und Herzegowina 5, Wien 1897, 261. 13 Hanas 1a oKomme Po (520-350. r,), 14 B, Mrrrea~C. PREDA, Necropole din secotulal IVlea.n. in Muntenia, Bucuresti 1966,231, fig. 44,2, 360, fig. 22 15 Jbid., 207, fig. 9,4; 213, fig. 18,25 229, fig. 42,4. 16 J, BosaNovski, Atheolosko-epigrafske biljeske sa Drine, Clanci i grada 7, Tuzla 1967, 162. ume yaryje ce 6ponsaimm nosyeM y neputon napa Koucrawria 87TCAJVISAS 20 (2004) Ckyntos cexuuja: - Autauka apxeonoruja Ca. 1 Hanas ca Mysexor Gpra (npeyseto #3 M. 3oronmth, MoxeFa u oxoauna, Toxera 1978, 118) Fig. 1 Finds from Munjsko Brdo (after M. Zotovié, Poiega i okolina, Pozega 1978, 118) 88P. 3oronmth Jlyrw m Kparxu Tpansir y KacHoj awry Ca. 2. Poratia — Kepawmkn Hasasn (npeyzevo 13 F. Fiala, WMBH 5 (1897) 259-62) Fig. 2 Rogatica ~ pottery finds (after F. Fiala, WMBH 5, 1897, 259-62) “naceme”.!7 Ha nogpysiy cera Bucu6aGe Koa Hoxere yo capa je epupen- -mpana jequa Buna y Baxnonnun,!® 1 HeKomMKO soKauuja Taxohe ca HeEORpe- HexoM o3HaKom “Hacema”.! [pasa mpapopa ayqMUEMcTpaTHBHe oprannsa- uuje 06a nogpy4ja, a HapownTo Noxpyyja cena Bucu6aGe um oKomMHe, OAHO- cHo mupe oGuacTH jaHamte Toxere, Huje no3HaTa. Jaco je na je Ha 06a Tompy'ja ¢pyHKUMOHHCAD EKOHOMCKH cHCTeM OfHOCa Tpajl — CeO (ako O3Ha- Ky “Hacerbe” cxpaTHMo Kao ces10 ITO HajpeponaTuuje jecre) — BHA pycruKa. Ha nogpysjy Porataye anmmincrparmsno-ynpaum cucrem opranusannje rpasurupao je Ka MYHMUUNUjyMy 4 cReHTyaNHO KacHnjoj KomOHUjH y Po- ratunm. 3a nompyyje BucnGaGe nocroja mpeTmocrasKa ja je Ona opranu- 30BaHa y BHILe HORONpMBpeAHUX HMawa, T). BILIA pycTHKa, la je Moro 6uTH opranusosano Kao conciliabula — kyr puMcKUx rpabana Koj ce KOHCTH- ‘Tyupa y HeKOM HepuMCKOM Hacesby, y OBOM cayyajy BapBapcKoM.”0 Y opraHHi- samMoHOM cMucry conciliabula TaKOhe NoApasyMeBa M PomOBCKe OMTLITHHE Koje cy Kachuje npepacse y Teputopujamie, Tj. ceocke onnrriie npepemeHe y gajeuMMue ca mpasom myHMuyatHe ayToHOMnje, Yemy je oroBapano mt 17 E, PaSaLic, Naselja i komunikacije, Sarajevo 1960, 72. 18 J, Byoun iI. Iletpoait, Puwieke mersapexe nehit Mpa y Baxuonuun xox Moxere, Vrcwuxu sGopnux 13 (1984). 19 M. 3oToain, op. cit, 32, 34; Jyrosanansa CpOnja y 06a Pmnenana, Yorwurw s6opuux 2 (1973) 12.13. P. 3oropuh, Hacema ucrounor jena puncKe nposnaunje Yanmaunje — Kavanourkn npernen sroKanurera, Yuku s6opxux 18 (1989) 24, 20 P, Zoronti, Thiraise Hacessenocta Moxere 1 okonie ¥ axutkom neproay, MToarceuxw 20- dursaK 2, 2002, 32. 89TCAI/ISAS 20 (2004) Ckynosn cexiuja: ~ Anruuka apxeonornja mpaBo UpHBaTHOr MOceWOBarba 3eMybMINTAa, KAO BUNA, WTO je OMeT Kao ager privatus cilajano y KoMneTeHyHjy MyHwuMnanne 3ajeqnuye uTq.2! Ospakap CHCTeM ayMHHUCTpaTHBHE opranu3ayuje oncrao je curypHo uy TepHopy kacHe auTuke, a jla 2M je # KOAMKH 6poj BUNA MIIYe3A0, a KOMMKH HOTTAO TIO, mpoyec “opruuxannje” Mu To jou He 3Hamo. [ponsnoqwa TanMIHUX Kepammuxux “y3opaka” va o6a nogpyyja rosopu o nocTojamy noKannux TpoUsBONMUX eHTapa H-TpaHcHOpToBaY KepaMuKe y3 npexpamOene apTuK- ne CBaKaKO Ha KpaTKHM penaljHjama. OsakaB BH TProBMHe cilajfa NOL T3B. apucroKparcky Tprosnny, y Kojoj ce Mpou3BoAra H MpeBo3 WO TPKHUTA (punancupa of Gorarux au poOpocrojehux BenenoceumKa, anu KakaB je WeH MpaBu KapakTep y MepHony KacHe aHTHKe ocTaje jour yReK HenecHHN- caHo. JefHEM jle710M cBaKaKo JJa je Mopasa Guru, Gap y Bpeme JmoKxenHjaHa, OrpaHWueHa MaKCHMa/IHOM BHCHHOM YeHa apTHKana Ha TpxuMTy Ja On ce cnpesiio jase “quamarse” mncbaamuje Tpumepu Mysscxor Opa n Porataue ropope HeyBocmucneHo o caesehem. Y nepnony kacte axTuke nocrojano je opranv3oparse 3anatcKe Npou3Bomme Koje je cbyHKuMOHMcan0 y carmacjy ca NosONpuBpe_HOM Mpou3sBoqHOM. OHO Huje Gu10 OpraHusoBaHo Ha perauujH ApkaBHO — MpuBaTHo, Beh y oKBUpy mpuparuor, jep 6u y cynpotHom TpomKosu npomsBogwe u Tpancnopra Gut emo ycknahenu, Hapounro 360r BeaMKUX ocHMManuja y uncbnaTopHuM ‘TpomkoBuMa, THMe OBa ABa NOKANMTETA NpeKO MpUMepa MOKAsHE MPOU3BOA- We M KpaTKor Tpar3ura Mory H TpeOa fla MOcHy:Ke Kao MOKa3aTeMH MOCTO- jarba Kako MpuBarHe TOONPUBPeHe MpOUsBONIe, TAKO MH 3aHaTcKe, Na je TPKUILHA EKOHOMHJa NOOPUM eTOM cbyHKyMONHcana nyTeM “apHcTOKpaT- coke” Tpropune, H Ha Kpajy fa MepHoy Kacte anTuke OcUM sMuHe “HOryGse- HOCTH” nojeqMHata y ycnOBUMa BeAHKe CKOHOMCKe KpH3e Huje npeycrassbao i Mepuog M3ryOseHOCTH cBera OCTalor: rpayoBa, ceva H BINIa pycrmKa. YHK: 904-03(497.11):330.342.12(37) 21 Idem. 90P. 3oronath Jlyrm w Kparku TpansuT y KacHoj aura RADMILA ZOTOVIC LONG- AND SHORT-DISTANCE TRANSIT IN LATE ANTIQUITY: THE EXAMPLE OF MUNISKO BRDO AND ROGATICA Summary Generally, there are two different opinions as to how the Roman economy functioned under the Empire. Some see it as a clearly organized connection along the line province-taxation-army and the capital, which basically constitutes politi- cal economy. Others see it as a connection between major local economic systems, which involves political economy, but which was integrated by trade, land, credits and agricultural production. But regardless of how the functioning of the Roman economy under the Empire is seen and which of its part is in question, transport was among the major factors influencing the functioning of the economy. Tt is habitually held that the costs of transport may have brought about radical change in the economy, agriculture in particular. Such radical change in agriculture is mainly associated with the Late Empire, i.e. the period of a severe economic cri- sis, It is usually held that the period of Late Antiquity witnessed a drastic loss of long-distance transit to short, but more recent research shows that this was a de- crease in quality and thus in the number of transport lines rather than a total fail- ure. It is traditionally held that short-distance transit was on the increase, espe- cially because of the necessity of supplying agricultural products, and, thereupon, that villae rusticae were not only centres of agricultural production but also of crafts. Although the true nature of trade under the Late Empire is difficult to es- tablish — whether it was more of a state-organized or the so-called “aristocratic” type - it is certain that rich landowners were interested in making profit on agricul- tural produce from their estates. ‘Two somewhat forgotten finds, one from a grave in the Rogatica area, recov- ered in the late nineteenth century (Fiala, WMBH 5, 1897, 259-62), and the other from Munjsko Brdo near Pozega (Zotovié, Pozega i okolina 1978, 118), show some identical components, each containing an oinochoe, hammer-axe and iron knife The oinochoes belong to the widespread fourth-century type of jugs, occurring throughout the Empire, whose production centre is only identifiable in terms of lo- cal potteries. On the other hand, Rogatica and the PoZega area, to the territory of which belongs the site of Munjsko Brdo, were centres of agricultural production and of some crafts as well. The area of Rogatica contained some 7 or 8 villae, while the environs of Pozega may be presumed to have been organized into farming es tates, and perhaps even as a conciliabulum, i.e. that it had a council of Roman citi- zens in a structured community gravitating towards an urban centre and, as some recent research shows, that it may have had a certain form of self-government, sim- ilar to the “partial” organization of municipal administration. It is certain that both areas were production centres, especially agricultural. Agricultural products were 91TCAJVISAS 20 (2004) Cxynosu cexnuja: — Antuxa apxeonornja the most profitable for transport in any one period, and especially during severe economic crises. Pottery also belonged among commodities that had never been too expensive on the market. These two goods were regularly transported together. It is not difficult to assume therefore that in the period of Late Antiquity the arcas of Rogatica and Pozega retained their primary role as centres of agricultural and some forms of craft production, constituting zones where the economic principle of short-distance transit functioned. 92