FINAL PROJECT

STATISTICS

By:
KOMANG AYU MIRAH YULIARSIANITA
1629081005

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
SINGARAJA
2016
 1. Descriptive Analysis

Descriptive analysis of data was done to find out mean, median, mode, standard deviation

from data obtained through posttest conducted to control group or experiment group. Testing of

descriptive analysis using SPSS 22.0 with test result as follows.

Table
The result of Descriptive analysis
Descriptive Statistics

N Range Minimum Maximum Sum Mean

Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error

Control 25 27 49 76 1607 64.28 1.568

Experiment 25 20 68 88 1935 77.40 1.137

Valid N (listwise) 25

From the table above obtained the maximum and minimum values for the control class 76

and 49 with the standard deviation 1.568. While for the experimental class is obtained maximum

and minimum value 88 and 68 with standard deviation 1.137. If it is compared, the mean in the

control class is smaller than the average of the experimental class score which shows that the

treatment in the experimental class is better than the control class.

2. Frequency of distribution and precentile

3. Statistics

Control Experiment

N Valid 25 25

Missing 26 26

Mean 64.28 77.40

Std. Error of Mean 1.568 1.137

Median 65.00 78.00

Mode 68 80

Std. Deviation 7.840 5.686

Variance 61.460 32.333

Skewness -.440 .024

Std. Error of Skewness .464 .464

Kurtosis -.698 -.623

Std. Error of Kurtosis .902 .902

Range 27 20

Minimum 49 68

Maximum 76 88

Sum 1607 1935

Percentiles 25 59.50 73.50

50 65.00 78.00

75 70.50 80.00

100 76.00 88.00

Control

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid 49 1 2.0 4.0 4.0

50 1 2.0 4.0 8.0

52 1 2.0 4.0 12.0

54 1 2.0 4.0 16.0

56 1 2.0 4.0 20.0

59 1 2.0 4.0 24.0

60 2 3.9 8.0 32.0

 61 1 2.0 4.0 36.0

62 1 2.0 4.0 40.0

63 1 2.0 4.0 44.0

65 2 3.9 8.0 52.0

67 1 2.0 4.0 56.0

68 3 5.9 12.0 68.0

70 2 3.9 8.0 76.0

71 1 2.0 4.0 80.0

72 2 3.9 8.0 88.0

73 1 2.0 4.0 92.0

76 2 3.9 8.0 100.0

Total 25 49.0 100.0

Missing System 26 51.0

Total 51 100.0

4. Distribution
From the image above it can be seen that the distribution is nornal.
From the image above it can be seen that the distribution is nornal.
 From the image above it can be seen that the distribution is nornal.

5. Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing in this case is done by independent T-Test because it involves two

classes that are mutually free and independent. The t test is a further test of ANOVA.

Testing is done by application SPSS 22.0 with test result as follows.

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error Difference
F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper
Total score Equal variances
.635 .430 -14.984 38 .000 -9.000 .601 -10.216 -7.784
assumed
Equal variances not
-14.984 37.208 .000 -9.000 .601 -10.217 -7.783
assumed

From the table above, obtained the value of T is 14.984 and the value of T with a

significant of 0.05 with the degrees of freedom N1 + N2 - 2 = 20 + 20 - 2 = 38 obtained,

the T value in the t table is 2.024 . Because the value of T more than T table so it can be

concluded that the treatment in the experimental class is better than the treatment in the

control class. It also can be seen from the significant value in the table of 0.000 <0.05

which gives the same conclusion that the treatment in the experimental class is better than

the treatment in the control class. The Cohens d is -4.86145 with effect size 0.92 that is

categorize given the moderate effect.

6. Validity And Reliability

1. TRIAL TEST INSTRUMENTS

The test of the instrument is done by validity test and instrument reliability test, in order to know
how feasible the instrument made to be used in the research. The instrument test was used on
different students from the research sample. In this case there are 50 students as samples with 5
essay questions for testing.

1.1 Test Validity

In this research, used in 5 items the form of essay with a minimum score of 0 and maximum
score 5. Exact validity test for the essays item are using the validity test of Carl Pearson. Validity
test is done using SPSS 22.0 for windows application with test result as follows.

Table 2 Validity Instrument

Correlations
Q_1 Q_2 Q_3 Q_4 Q_5 TOTAL_Q
Q_1 Pearson Correlation 1 .313* .298* .217 .362** .683**
Sig. (2-tailed) .027 .036 .131 .010 .000
N 50 50 50 50 50 50
Q_2 Pearson Correlation .313* 1 .167 .405** .224 .640**
Sig. (2-tailed) .027 .247 .004 .119 .000
 N 50 50 50 50 50 50
Q_3 Pearson Correlation .298* .167 1 .166 -.022 .537**
Sig. (2-tailed) .036 .247 .250 .878 .000
N 50 50 50 50 50 50
Q_4 Pearson Correlation .217 .405** .166 1 .200 .650**
Sig. (2-tailed) .131 .004 .250 .164 .000
N 50 50 50 50 50 50
Q_5 Pearson Correlation .362** .224 -.022 .200 1 .590**
Sig. (2-tailed) .010 .119 .878 .164 .000
N 50 50 50 50 50 50
TOTAL_Q Pearson Correlation .683** .640** .537** .650** .590** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 50 50 50 50 50 50
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

From the correlations table above we get the value of r arithmetic, where the value of r arithmetic
compared with r table value at 0.05 significance level and degrees of freedom N + N- 2 = 20 +
20-2 = 38 then r table value of 0.3120 . It can be seen that all r values count more than r table so
that it can be concluded the five items are valid. In addition it can also compare p-value value in
the table, if the value of p-value is smaller than 0.05 then the item is declared valid. It can be
seen above that the overall p-value value is 0,000 <0.05 so it can be inferred that all items are
valid.

1.1 Test Reliability

After performing the validity test of the instrument, the reliability test is performed to determine
the consistency of the instrument made by the researcher. The proper test of reliability is a
cronbach alpha test. Reliability testing is done using SPSS 22.0 For windows application with
test result as follows.
Table 3
The result of reliability test of instrument

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.581 5

From the table above, it can be seen that the score of alpha cronbach is 0,581, which is mean that the

instrument used categorize as a good instrument

5 Normality and Homogeneity

Before performing hypothesis testing with T test, it must be fulfilled 2 preconditions that the data
comes from the normal population and the data comes from the homogeneous variance.
5.1 Normality of Data Distribution Test
Testing the normality of data distribution used is Kolmogorov-Smirnov test using SPSS 22.0 for
windows application with the following results.
Table 4
The result of normality of data distribution
Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

control Group .171 20 .128 .937 20 .212

*
experiment Group .132 20 .200 .962 20 .595

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

From table above it can be seen that the significant value for control group equal to
0,128> 0,05 and for experiment group equal to 0,200 which mean that both of them are bigger
than 0,05. So it can be concluded that both the experimental and control classes come from
normally distributed populations.
5.2 Homogeneity Test of Variance
Levene test using SPSS 22.0 used for Testing the homogeneity of data variance with the
following results.
Table 5
The result of Homogeneity test of variance

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa

Dependent Variable: total score
F df1 df2 Sig.
.635 1 38 .430
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance
of the dependent variable is equal across
groups.
a. Design: Intercept + code

From the table above, it can be seen that the significant is 0.430 > 0.05 so it can be

concluded that the control group and experiment group are come from homogeny varians.

7. ANOVA and TWO WAY ANOVA

ANOVA
 Multiple Comparisons
Readingcomprehension
Tukey HSD

Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval

(I) grade (J) grade (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound

grade x grade xi -16.800* 5.976 .039 -32.74 -.86

grade xii -17.800* 5.976 .029 -33.74 -1.86

grade xi grade x 16.800* 5.976 .039 .86 32.74
grade xii -1.000 5.976 .985 -16.94 14.94
*
grade xii grade x 17.800 5.976 .029 1.86 33.74

grade xi 1.000 5.976 .985 -14.94 16.94

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

A one-way between-groups analysis of variance was conducted to explore the impact of

grade on reading comprehension. The sig. 003 indicates that there is a significant different on the

mean score on the dependent variable. In the multiple comparison, group 1 to group 2 and group

1 to group 3 there is asterisk, this means that the two groups being compared are significantly

different from one another at the p<.05 level. But the comparison of group 2 to 3 are not

significantly different because there is no asterisk. The eta score is .48 it means small effect of

dependent variable.

TWO WAYS ANOVA

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

Type III Sum of

Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 2129.646a 3 709.882 46.721 .000

Intercept 245961.244 1 245961.244 16187.823 .000
Flipped_Clasroom 590.783 1 590.783 38.882 .000
Attitude 761.750 1 761.750 50.134 .000
Flipped_Clasroom * Attitude 288.766 1 288.766 19.005 .000
Error 698.934 46 15.194
Total 275003.000 50
Corrected Total 2828.580 49

a. R Squared = .753 (Adjusted R Squared = .737)

Interpretation
1. Corrected Model significant 0.000 <0,05 there is influence attitude and flipped classroom
together towards listening skill.
2. Significant flipped classroom 0.000 <0.05 so that affect on listening skill
3. Significant attitude 0.000 <0,05 so that influence to listening skill
4. Big influence of 0.737 * 100% = 73.7%

From the data in the table above, there is a positive interaction of a flipped classroom model and
attitude to the students listening skills. When the attitude of the students is high, the score is also
higher. That is means that the Ho is accepted.
FINAL PROJECT
Normality Test

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

Listening_Experiment .142 25 .200* .934 25 .105

Listening_Control .141 25 .200* .938 25 .135
Attitude_Experiment .121 25 .200* .933 25 .102
Attitude_Control .119 25 .200* .931 25 .093

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

From table above it can be seen that the significant value for control group equal to 0,135 and
0.93> 0,05 and for experiment group equal to 0,105 and 102 which mean that both of them are
bigger than 0,05. So it can be concluded that both the experimental and control classes come
from normally distributed populations.

Homogenity Test

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa

Dependent Variable: Score

F df1 df2 Sig.

2.376 1 98 .126

Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of

the dependent variable is equal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept + Code
From the table above, it can be seen that the significant is 0.125 > 0.05 so it can be

concluded that the control group and experiment group are come from homogeny varians.

Two ways ANOVA

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

Type III Sum of

Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
a
Corrected Model 2129.646 3 709.882 46.721 .000
Intercept 245961.244 1 245961.244 16187.823 .000
Flipped_Clasroom 590.783 1 590.783 38.882 .000
Attitude 761.750 1 761.750 50.134 .000
Flipped_Clasroom * Attitude 288.766 1 288.766 19.005 .000
Error 698.934 46 15.194
Total 275003.000 50
Corrected Total 2828.580 49

a. R Squared = .753 (Adjusted R Squared = .737)

Interpretation
5. Corrected Model significant 0.000 <0,05 there is influence attitude and flipped classroom
together towards listening skill.
6. Significant flipped classroom 0.000 <0.05 so that affect on listening skill
7. Significant attitude 0.000 <0,05 so that influence to listening skill
8. Big influence of 0.737 * 100% = 73.7%

From the data in the table above, there is a positive interaction of a flipped classroom model and
attitude to the students listening skills. When the attitude of the students is high, the score is also
higher. That is means that the Ho is accepted.

1. Grand Mean
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

73.403 .577 72.241 74.564

2. Flipped_Clasroom
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Flipped_Clasroom Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

Experiment 77.000 .796 75.398 78.602

Control 69.805 .836 68.123 71.487

3. Attitude
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Attitude Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

Positive 69.318 .777 67.754 70.881

Negative 77.488 .853 75.770 79.205

4. Flipped_Clasroom * Attitude
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Flipped_Clasroom Attitude Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

Experiment Positive 70.400 1.233 67.919 72.881

Negative 83.600 1.006 81.574 85.626

Control Positive 68.235 .945 66.332 70.138

Negative 71.375 1.378 68.601 74.149

MID-TERM
PROJECT
Normality Test

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

Listening_Experiment .142 25 .200* .934 25 .105

Listening_Control .141 25 .200* .938 25 .135
Attitude_Experiment .121 25 .200* .933 25 .102
Attitude_Control .119 25 .200* .931 25 .093

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

From table above it can be seen that the significant value for control group equal to 0,135 and
0.93> 0,05 and for experiment group equal to 0,105 and 102 which mean that both of them are
bigger than 0,05. So it can be concluded that both the experimental and control classes come
from normally distributed populations.

Homogenity Test

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa

Dependent Variable: Score

F df1 df2 Sig.

2.376 1 98 .126

Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of

the dependent variable is equal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept + Code
From the table above, it can be seen that the significant is 0.125 > 0.05 so it can be

concluded that the control group and experiment group are come from homogeny varians.

Two ways ANOVA

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

Type III Sum of

Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
a
Corrected Model 2129.646 3 709.882 46.721 .000
Intercept 245961.244 1 245961.244 16187.823 .000
Flipped_Clasroom 590.783 1 590.783 38.882 .000
Attitude 761.750 1 761.750 50.134 .000
Flipped_Clasroom * Attitude 288.766 1 288.766 19.005 .000
Error 698.934 46 15.194
Total 275003.000 50
Corrected Total 2828.580 49

a. R Squared = .753 (Adjusted R Squared = .737)

Interpretation
1. Corrected Model significant 0.000 <0,05 there is influence attitude and flipped classroom
together towards listening skill.
2. Significant flipped classroom 0.000 <0.05 so that affect on listening skill
3. Significant attitude 0.000 <0,05 so that influence to listening skill
4. Big influence of 0.737 * 100% = 73.7%

From the data in the table above, there is a positive interaction of a flipped classroom model and
attitude to the students listening skills. When the attitude of the students is high, the score is also
higher. That is means that the Ho is accepted.

1. Grand Mean
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

73.403 .577 72.241 74.564

2. Flipped_Clasroom
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Flipped_Clasroom Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

Experiment 77.000 .796 75.398 78.602

Control 69.805 .836 68.123 71.487

3. Attitude
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Attitude Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

Positive 69.318 .777 67.754 70.881

Negative 77.488 .853 75.770 79.205

4. Flipped_Clasroom * Attitude
Dependent Variable: Listening_Skill

95% Confidence Interval

Flipped_Clasroom Attitude Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound

Experiment Positive 70.400 1.233 67.919 72.881

Negative 83.600 1.006 81.574 85.626

Control Positive 68.235 .945 66.332 70.138

Negative 71.375 1.378 68.601 74.149