SPECIFICATION SHEET

IDENTIFICATION
Name of Equipment Crystallizer
Equipment Code T-1
Number Required 1
Capacity 6.773
Function To crystallize Monosodium Glutamate from saturated
Monosodium Glutamate solution via adiabatic cooling
Operation Batch
Type Vacuum Swenson Surface-Cooled Crystallizer
Material Handled Saturated MSG solution ,MSG crystals
DESIGN DATA
Operating Pressure 1 atm
Temperature 20-30C
Residence Time 2.35hrs
Density 1051.95 /3
VESSEL DESIGN
Design Pressure 1.55
Material of Construction SS 316
Vessel Volume 8.13 3
Diameter 2.24 m
Height 5.42 m
Shell Thickness 4.0 mm
Head Thickness 4.0 mm
Recirculation Rate 351.29 3 /
COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN

Tube Design Shell Design

Fluid Handled Saturated MSG Fluid Handled Water
Solution
Mass Flow Rate 14,988.33 kg/day Mass Flow Rate 180,921.78 kg /day
Temperature 180C 30C Temperature 15C 50C
Number of 219 Shell Diameter 374 mm
Tubes
Length 3.66 m Baffle Diameter 372 mm
Outside 15.88 mm Baffle Spacing 149.6 mm
Diameter
Inside Diameter 12.22 mm
Pitch 19.84 mm
Clearance 3.97 mm
PUMP DESIGN
Pump Type Centrifugal Pump
Power Requirement 0.044 hp
 Drawing of the Crystallizer

Swenson Surface Cooled Crystallizer

Tube Arrangement

Outside Diameter = 5/8 in = 15.88 mm

Using Rotated Square Pitch

(From Plant Design and Economics by Peter and

Timmershaus)

Tube Pitch, pt = 1.25 Do = 1.25 (15.88 mm) = 19.84 mm

Clearance = 0.25 Do = 0.25 (15.88) = 3.97 mm

List of Assumptions

1. Batch Crystallization process will be employed.

2. 2 batches per day will be used.
3. 20% of the total volume of the feed is allotted as allowance for safety.
4. Using 30% of the conical vessel volume for the extension of the conical vessel on the
form of a cylinder to provide for vapor space.
5. SS 316 will be used as material of construction for the vessel design of the
crystallizer.
6. Using Double Weld V butt with efficiency of 0.8 for the welding type.
7. 1 tube pass will be used with a Rotated Square Pitch arrangement.
8. Using 70% pump efficiency for the tube side fluid.

Design Equations:

Vessel Design

Residence Time ()
(Ref: ChE Hanbook, 8th Ed, p. 18 47)

=

4

6
=

For Vessel Volume (V)

Using 20% allowance for safety factor
Vvessel = 1.2 VFeed

Vessel Diameter and Height

Using H = 1.5D

For Conical Vessel,

V = 0.230669 3

Hydraulic Pressure (P)

P = gH + 14.7
 Maximum Stress (S)
(Ref: Eq. 4 1 of Process Equipment Design by Hesse and Rushton)

Sw = Sultimate + Fs + Fm + Fa + Fr

Shell Thickness (ts)

(Ref: Eq. 4 7 of Process Equipment Design by Hesse and Rushton)

1
= +
2(cos ) 16

Head Thickness ( )
(Ref: Eq. 4 10 of Process Equipment Design by Hesse and Rushton)

1
= +
2 16
Circulation Rate
(Ref:Handbook of Indutrial Crystallization by Myerson p.134)

=
1.50 ()

Heat Exchanger Design

Heat Transfer Equation

=

(, , ) (, , )
=
(, , )

(, , )

Richardson)

C. Pump Design

Power

=
3.67105

(Ref: Equation, 10-51Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 8th Ed)

Circulation Rate

=
1.5( )

(Ref: p. 134Handbook of Industrial Crystallization by Myerson)

Vessel Design

From Solubility of MSG

Solubility of MSG = 0.10-0.9106 g/mL

Density of MSG crystals = 1618 kg/m3

www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/foco/MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE.html

MSG liquid density = 680 kg/m3

https://www.merckmillipore.com/INTL/en/product/Sodium-L-glutamate-
monohydrate,MDA_CHEM-
106445?ReferrerURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&bd=1

From Material Balance

Basis : 1 day operation

Component Mass (kg/day) Density (kg/m3) Volume (m3/day)

MSG Crystals 3,322.91 1618 2.05

MSG liquid 1,173.59 680 1.73

Water 9,757.40 998.23 9.77

Total 14,253.90 13.55

Average Density

14,253.90kg kg
= = 3
= 1051.95 3 (65.67 3 )
13.55

Nuclei Population Density

(Ref: Temperature Effects on the Crystallization Kinetics of Size Dependent Systems in a

Continuous Mixed Suspensions Mixed Product Removal Crystallizer))

=

Where: 0 = ./3
 = /

B = 1.54x106 crystals / m3-sec

G = 2.4x10-8 m/sec

1.54106
= 3
= 6.421013
2.410 4

Drawdown Time (Retention Time)

4
6

=

Where: = Retention Time

.
= = 1

= /3

0 = ./4

4 1051.95

=
6 1 1618 6.421013 = 8445.42 sec 2.35
8
2.410
Operating Time

Number of Batch per Day: 2

Residence Time: 2.35 hours
2 2.35 hours
= = 4.70
1

1 3 3
= , . = 6.77
2 1051.95
 = 6.773

Vessel Capacity

Using 20% allowance for safety factor,

= 1.2 ( )
Volume of the vessel = 1.2(6.77) =8.133

Vessel Diameter and Height

For Conical Vessel,

= 1.5

1 2 2
= + = + ( ) =
3 4 4
0.230699 3

= 0.230699 3 = 8.13 3

3 8.13 3
=
0.230699

= 2.24 (7.34 ) (88.13 in)

= 1.5 (2.24) = 3.36 (11.02 )

Extension of the conical vessel in the form of a cylinder is provided for vapor space.
Using 30% of the conical vessel volume,
Volume of the Vessel Extension = 0.3(8.13) = 2.443

For Cylinder Vessel

= = 2.24

2
= = 8.13 3
4
 = 2.06
Total Height
= +

= 3.36 + 2.06 = 5.42 (17.79 )

Material Specification

Material of Construction: SS316

Welding Type : Double Welded V Butt
Efficiency : 0.80
Corrosion Allowance : 1/16 inch

Hydraulic Pressure

= + /
1 2
= 14.7 + 65.67 / 3 (17.79) (12 ) (1)
= 22.81 (1.55 )

Working Stress

For SS 316 Grade of Steel

(Ref: Chemical Engineering Handbook, 8th Ed., Table 25
15,p.25-39)
Tensile Strength: 560 MPa (80,061.11 psi)
= . + + + +
(Ref: Process Equipment Design by Hesse and Rushton, p.81)
Where;
Fm =100% for grade A high tensile strength carbon steel

Fr = 100% for plate thickness of the shell head at any welded

joints do not exceed 5/4 in.

= 100%

= 25% 6500

(Table 4 2 of Process Equipment Design by Hesse and Rushton)

 Equation 4 1 of PED by Hesse and Rushton
= . + + + +

= 81,243.52 1.0 1.01.00.25

= 20310.88 (140 )

Vessel Thickness

(Ref: Eq. 4 7 of PED by Hesse and Rushton, API ASME

code)
API ASME CODE:
600
A = of included cone angle = = 300
2
Thickness of the shell is the same with the thickness of the
cone
1
= +
2() 16

22.81 (88.13 ) 1
= +
2(cos(30))(20310.88 )(0.8) 16

= 0.13 = 3.302 4.0

Head Thickness ( )

Using Ellipsoidal Head,

(Equation 4 10, p.87 of Process Equipment Design by
Hesse and Rushton, ASME UPV code)
1
= +
2() 16

22.81 (88.13) 1
= +
2(20310.88 )(0.8) 22.81 16

= 0.12 = 3.16 = 4
Both shell and head thickness of the vessel is 4.0 mm
Cooling System Design

Design Calculations for Heat Exchanger

From Energy Balances

Amount of Heat, Q = 26,646,159.08kJ

Cooling Water Mass Flow = 180,921.78 kg

Design Operation:

Operation: 2 Batches per Day

Residence Time: 2.35 hour

Heat Transfer Equation: =

Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference

Slurry Cooling Water

0
Temperature in ( C) 180 15
Temperature out (0C) 30 50

(1 2 )
=
(1 )

( 2 )

(180 30) (50 15)

= = 79.020
(180 30)
ln | |
(50 15)

1 1 5,669,395.55
= 26,646,159.08kJ = = 1,574,832.097
2 2.35

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

 Overall Heat transfer coefficient of shell and tube heat
exchanger wherein Cold fluid =Water and Hot Fluid = Organic Solvent is from 250 to 750

2
(Ref: Chemical Engineering Vol. 6, 4th Ed. By Coulson and Richardson, Table 12.1 p. 637)
250 + 750
= = 500 2 ,
2

Heat Transfer Area

(,574,832.097 )
=
(500 2 )(79.020 )

= 39.862= 429.05 2

Tube Side Design:

Fluid Handled :Saturated Solution of MSG

Mass Flow Rate :14,253.90 kg/day

Mass Flow Rate

1 1 1
Mass Flow Rate (kg/s) = 14,253.90 = 0.84
2 2.35 3600

Volumetric Flow Rate (GPM)

1 1 1 1 0.264
= 14,253.90
2 2.35 60 1 1
= 13.34gpm

Based on the available standard sizes of tubes used in shell and tube heat exchange,
Using Table 11-12 of Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 8th Ed, and in the assumption of

tube outside diameter is 5/8 in outside diameter and 12 ft. tube length.

Tube Size and Layout

Material of Construction : J9290

Outside Diameter : 5/8 in.

BWG No. : 15

Inside Diameter : 0.481 in.

Thickness : 0.072 in.

Length : 12 ft.

Number of Tubes

429.05 2
=
5 1
12 8 12

= 219

Pitch Type:

Rotated Square Pitch

5 2.54 10
= 1.25 = 1.25( ) = 19.84
8 1 1

5 2.54 10
= 0.25 = 0.25 ( ) = 3.97
8 1 1
(Reference for the Tube Pitch and Clearance: Chemical Engineering Design by Coulson and

Richardson, 4th Ed. Table 12.4)

Pressure Drop
(Ref: Equation 12.18 p.666 Chemical Engineering Vol. 6, 4th
Edition by Coulson and Richardson)
2
= 8 ( ) ( )
2

Evaluating for ,
Viscosity of Solution mostly MSG = 56.7 MPa s
(Ref:
www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/sumaaries/;actacid/c13462rd.pdf)

Velocity, ut

0.84
= = = 0.0313
2
4 (0.0122 ) 1,051.75 3 219

Reynolds Number

(0.0122 ) (0.0313 ) (1,051.75 3 )
= =

0.0000567

= 7083
From Fig. 12.24 p. 668 of Chemical Engineering Vol. 6, 4th Ed. By Coulson and Richardson

=0.048

Therefore:

2
= 8 ( ) ( )
2
 2
3.6576 (0.0313 ) (1051.95 3 )
= 8(0.048)(( )( )
0.0102 2

= 70.95

Shell Side Design

Fluid Handled : Water

Mass Flow Rate : : 180,921.78 kg

Mass Flow Rate

1 1 1
Mass Flow Rate (kg/s) = 180,921.78 2 2.35 3600 = 10.69

Bundle Diameter

1 76 1
= ( )1 = 0.01588( )2,207 = 0.227
0.215

(Ref:Equation 12.3 b, p. 648; Chemical Engineering Design, 4th Ed, by Coulson and
Richardson)
Where:
Db =bundle diameter
do= tube outside diameter
NT = number of tubes

For no. of passes =1; Square Rotated Pitch

K1 = 0.215
n1 = 2.207

(Ref: Table 12.4, p.649; Chemical Engineering Design, 4th Ed, by Coulson and Richardson)

1 219 1
= ( )1 = 0.01588( )2,207 = 0.366
0.215

Shell Diameter
 = + 2

= 0.366 + 2(0.00397 )

= 0.374 =14.72 in

Baffle Diameter and Spacing

For pipe shells with shell diameter of 6 to 25 in (152 to 635 mm), equation of Baffle Diameter to

be used:
1
= 16

= 371.9 (in between the range of 152 to 635 mm, therefore, the equation above for

computing Baffle Diameter is suitable)

1
= 14.72
16

= 14.66 = 0.372

(Ref: Table 12.5, page 651;Chemical Engineering Design, 4th Ed, Coulson and Richardson)

According to Coulson and Richardson, the optimum baffle spacing will usually be between 0.3

to 0.5 times the shell diameter.

Using the average percentage baffle spacing:

0.3 + 0.5
= 0.40
2

= 0.40 (0.374 )

= 0.1496

Pressure Drop
 2
= 8 ( ) ( )
2

Where: L= tube length

IB= Baffle Spacing

For the calculated shell-side Reynolds number, read the JF from Figure 12.29

(Ref: Equation 12.26, p. 675,Chemical Engineering Design, 4th Ed, by Coulson and Richardson)

Area for cross flow, As

( )
=

(0.01984 0.015875 )(0.374)(0.1496 )

= = 0.0112
0.01984

Velocity, s

10.69
=

1000 3 0.011 2


= 0.956

Evaluating diameter, De,

1.27
= (2 0.7852 ) for rotated square pitch

(Ref: Equation 12.22, p.672;Chemical Engineering Design, 4th Ed, by Coulson and Richardson)

1.27
= [(0.0198 )2 0.785 (0.015875 )2 ] = 0.0157
0.015875
Evaluating JF :

Viscosity of water at 27C is 0.82 cP.

(Ref: Perrys Chemical Engineerin Handbook, 8th Edition)

0.956 0.0157 1000 3
=

8.2104

= 18,304.53

(Ref: From Fig 12.29, p. 673, Chemical Engineering Design, 4th Ed, by Coulson and Richardson)

Choose, 25 % Baffle Cut

JF= 2.75x10-3

Therefore:

2
= 8 ( ) ( )
2

0.374 3.6576 (1000 3 )(0.956 m)2
= 8(2.75x103 ) ( )( )
0.0157 0.1496 2

= 5844.24

A. Pump Design

= 70.95

= 5844.24
 <

The pump design will be based on the pressure drop on the shell side. According to Coulson and

Richardson, fluid with lowest pressure drop should be allocated to the tube side. Pressure drop to

be used for the pump design is 5844.24 Capacity

3 1 1
= 6.77
2 2.35

3
= 1.44

Pressure Head, H

5844.24
= = 5.56

1,051.95 3

Power

=
3.67105

(Ref: Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 8th Ed, Equation 10-51)

3
(5.46 ) (1.44 ) (1,051.95 3 )

= 5
3.6710 0.70

= 0.03 = 0.044

Available Motor Size is 0.05 hp.

Circulation Rate

=
1.5()

(Ref: Handbook of Industrial Crystallization by Myerson p. 134)

From Energy Balance:

 1 1
= 26,646,159.08kJ = 5,669,395.55
2 2.35

From Energy Balance:

Composition m(kg) Cp(kJ/kg-K) mCp(kJ/K)

MSG 4,496.50 0.91 4,076.53
Water 10,491.83 4.18 43,855.85
14,987.33 47,932.38

47,932.38
=
14,987.33 kg

= 3.198

5,669,395.55 3
= = 351.29

1.5 (3.198 ) (1,051.95)