Water

T = 140 oC
5m3 H2O/tonnes of Steam
P = 361.53 kPa
Banana Peel
0.15 kg Steam/kg
Hot Humid Air
Particles > 1.168 mm Screened Peels
Mesh #14 Vapor
(Particle Size <
1.168mm)
W-1 D-1 C-1
Banana Peels Washed P eels P = 101 kPa Dr ied Pee ls T = 60oC Crushed Peels Scr eened P eels
F-1 P=101 kPa
o T = 60-70 oC P =P40.30
= 40.30
kPakPa
T=25-30 C Carbohydrates 57.82% T=25-30oC Carbohydra tes 56.97% Carbohydra tes 61.97%
K-1 Carbohydra tes 61.97%
Crude Fiber 31.06% Crude Fiber 30.61% Crude Fiber 33.30% Crude Fiber 33.30% T = 35 oC
Water 9.91% Water 2.00% Water 2.00% P = 5.49 kPa
Water 6.56%
Impurities 2.00%
Crude Lipid 1.64% Crude Lipid 1.79% Crude Lipid 1.79% D-2
Ash 0.87% Hot Air Ash 0.94% Ash 0.94%
Crude Lipid 1.67% (T = 70oC) Air
Ash 0.89% T = 26.4oC
RH = 78%
NaOH Sol n
0.10 kg
Water and Impurities kg Ste rilize d M edium
L-Leuci ne
Water 99.60%
0.70 kg
Impurities 0.40% NaOH 10%
kg Sterilized Medium Aspe rgillus niger
Water 90%
Inoculum
Water 69.61%
Steam Nutrie nts 26.38% Sterilize d Me dium T = 35oC
T = 140 oC K-2 Fermentation
Bioma ss 4.01%
o Gases
T=25-35 C CO2
Carbohydra tes 62.68%
P = 150 kPa Saccharomyc es cerev isiae Crude Fiber 33.67%
o NH3 Inoculum Crude Lipid 1.81%
D-3 T = 35-110 C
Fi lter ed Liquid Water 69.43% Ash 0.96%
Fe rmentation Br oth
J-1 Nutrie nts 27.57% Water 0.88%
Isoamyl A lcohol 54.24% Bioma ss 3.01%
Isoamyl A lcohol 28.86% 200 rpm
Et hanol 27.14%
We t Solids Crude Fiber 22.75% F-3 Fe rmentation Br oth Sterilize d Me dium T = 35oC
Condensate Water 17.80%
T = 95 oC Isobutanol 0.82%
Crude Fiber 39.61% Et hanol 14.44% P-4 T=25-35oC
Bioma ss 14.89% Water 9.47% Isoamyl A lcohol 28.86% Carbohydra tes 62.68% F-2
F-2
L-leucine 13.18% Bioma ss 8.55% P-3 Crude Fiber 22.75% Crude Fiber 33.67%
Pre-heated Liquid Isoamyl A lcohol 10.05% Le uc ine 7.57% Et hanol 14.44% pH=5-6 Crude Lipid 1.81%
T = 105oC Nutrie nts 7.51% Nutrie nts 4.31% Water 9.47% T=25-35oC Ash 0.96%
P-2 T=25-35oC P-1
Et hanol 5.03% Starch 1.74% Bioma ss 8.55% Water 0.88%
P= 180 KPa
Water 3.30% Crude Lipid 1.22% Le uc ine 7.57%
Isoamyl A lcohol 54.24% Ash 0.65%
Starch 3.02% Nutrie nts 4.31%
Et hanol 27.14% Isobuta nol 0.44% 10:1
Chilled Water Crude Lipid 2.13% Starch 1.74%
Water 17.80% (T = 5oC) Sterilized Medium:Inoculum
Ash 1.13% Crude Lipid 1.22%
Isobutanol 0.82% 10% Ethylene G lycol Specific Growth
Isobuta nol 0.15% Ash 0.65%
(C2H6O2)
90% Water Isobuta nol 0.44% Rate () = 0.14/hr
D-4 Chilled Water QP = 0.85 g/Lhr
Steam
(T = 5oC) (YX/S ) = 0.15 g/g
Chilled Water 10% Ethylene G lycol
(YP/S ) = 0.32 g/g
(T = 1oC)
10% Ethylene G lycol
E-2 (C2H6O2)
90% Water rp=0.232 kmol/m3min
T = 64 oC (C2H6O2)
P = 35 kPa 90% Water
Chilled Water
(T = 1oC)
1 F-4 10% Ethylene G lycol
(C2H6O2)
90% Water

E-1 Reflux By-Product

Ethanol 59.41%
Water 38.68%
6
Ethanol
Top
59.41%
F-5 Isoamyl Alcohol 1.00%
P-5 Water 38.68% Isobutanol 0.91%
T = 25-30oC
Steam Isoamyl Alcohol 1.00%
T = 140 oC
Isobutanol 0.91%
Cooling Water
(T = 40oC)
D-6
28 Bottom

D-5 Isoamyl Alcohol 99.00 % Cooling Water

F-6
T = 114.9 oC
Isobutanol 0.75% (T = 30oC)
P = 74.66 kPa T = 25-30oC
Water 0.25%
Condensate
Product
T = 95 oC
Isoamyl Alcohol 99.00 %
Isobutanol 0.75%
Water 0.25%

P-6

PRODUCTION OF 3-METHYL-1-BUTANOL (ISOAMYL ALCOHOL) FROM BANANA PEELS VIA FERMENTATION