Rhythm- element of time in music

Tempo- the speed of the beat

Duration- how long a sound beats
Meter- the way the beats are organized
Melody- the horizontal aspect of pitch
Harmony- the vertical aspect of pitch
Chord- is a harmony when three or more pitches are sounded at the same time
Progression- succession of chords
Consonant- harmonies sound wide open and smooth
Dissonant- harmonies sound crunched and may be described as harsh sounding
Texture- Number of distinct musical lines (melodies) and how they relate to one another
Monophony- Music with only one note sounding at a time
Homophony- A good example is melody and accompaniment
Polyphony- Involved 2 or more independent melodies sound at the same time
Timbre- Tone color is a synonym for timbre
Dynamics- the volume of music
Piano- soft (description of volume)
Forte- loud (description of volume)
Binary Form- AB
Ternary Form- ABA
Rondo Form- ABACABA
Sonata-Allegro Form- AAABBBAAA (ABA recap)
Antiquity- 2000B.C.-400A.D.
Middle Ages- 400-1450
Gregorian Chant- Monophonic vocal music (sacred music)
Ars Antiqua- means old art; Organum, Perotin, Leonin, and Hildegard von Bingen were a part of
it
Organum- Added a part over the existing chant which created harmony
Perotin- A composer of the Middle Ages
Leonin- A composer of the Middle Ages
Hildegard Von Bingen- A composer of the Middle Ages
Ars Nova- Means new art
Motet- Type of composition during Ars Nova
Machaut- Composed during Ars Nova
The Renaissance- 1450-1600
Mass- A polyphonic vocal work
Palestriona- Composer of masses
Sacred vs. Secular- Sacred means in church while secular mean outside of church
Baroque Era- 1600-1750
 Oratorio vs. Cantata vs. Opera:
o Oratorio- Long, unstaged shows that showed a story, sacred music
o Cantata- Meant to be for church service, short, unstaged, and sacred music
o Opera- Staged theatrical work, uses costumes, and ususally secular work
J.S. Bach- Baroque composer
Handel- Baroque composer
Classical Era- 1750 A.D.-1820 A.D.
Haydn- Classical Era composer, known as the innovator
Mozart- Classical Era composer, knows as the master
Beethoven- Classical Era composer, known as the renegade
Symphony- Long piece for orchestra
Romantic Era- 1820-1910
Absolute Music vs. Program Music-
o Absolute Music is not based on a story
o Program Music is based on a story
Brahms- Composer of absolute music
Chopin- Composer of piano music
Wagner- Composer of operas
Debussy was a composer of Impressionism
Schoenberg was a composer of Expressionism
Stravinsky was a composer of Neoclassicism
Philip Glass was a composer of Minimalism