NEUMOLOGy FIRST AID

PATRONES OBSTRUCTIVOS

SS DX TX
ASMA Cough Clinic Acute
Expiratory wheezing Mild hipoxia O2
Accesory muscle use Respiratory Bronchodilateing
FEV /FVC -B agonist
1
-Ipratropio(never alone)
-Corticoesteroid
RV
Chronic
Hiperinsuflacion
Bronchodilators
Corticoesteroid
Test methaccholine

BRONCHIECTASI Chronic cough Xray: tram lines Atb

S YEllouw or Green spoutum Ct: ballon cyst transplant
Dysnea FEV1/FVC
Hemoptisis
Hx pulmonary infections
Rales,wheezing,ronchi
EPOC Chronic bronchitis Xray: hyperinsuflated lung Acute
Cough for more 3 months in 2 Flat diaphram O2
Years FEV1/FVC B2- agonist:albuteron
Anticholinergics:ipratropium
normal or FVC; Corticoesteroids
Emphysema: normal or TLC ATB
terminal airway destruction for Hypoxemia withacute or
smoking o -antitrypsin chronic respiratory acidosis Chronic
deficiency (panlobular). (PCO ) -Smoking cessation
2
-O2( PaO2 is 55 mm Hg or SaO2 is 89%

-neumococcal and flu vaccine

RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE

SS DX TX
INTERSTICIAL Infl+ fibrosis Xray: honeycoomb Suportive
Shallow TLC, FVC, DL Corticoesteroid
CO
Rapid breathing
normal FEV /FVC.
Velcro Crackles 1
Clubbing

SARCOIDOSIS Fever Xay: lymphadenopathy-nodules Systemic Corticoesteroid

Cough BX
Malaise serum ACE levels
arthiris hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, alkaline phosphatase
(with liver involve- ment)

EOSINOPHILIC PULMONARY Dysnea CBC:eosinophilia Removal extrinsecal cause

Cough Xray pulmonary infiltrate Cortocoesteroid
Fever
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE

GEN SS DX TX
HYPOXEMIA PO Cyanosis Pulse oxymeter:HbO O2
2 2
Tachypnea
causes include ventilation- saturation
Shortness of breath
perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, right- Xray: atelectasia,pleural
Pleuritic chest pain
to-left shunt, hypoventilation, effusin,pneumotorax
Alt mental statys
low inspired O A-a gradiente
2
Elevate suggest shut,V/Q
mistmach
ACUTE Respiratory failure with refractory tachypnea, dyspnea, and tachycardia Acute onset of PEEP
RESPIRATORY hypoxemia, lung compliance, and +/ fever, cyanosis, respiratory distress. Goal oxygenation is
DISTRESS non- cardiogenic pulmonary edema Phase
PaO > 60 mm Hg or
2
SYNDROME(ARDS) 1:respiratory alkalosis A PaO /FiO ratio 200.

2 2 SaO > 90% on FiO
2:6-48h, 2 2
hyperventilation,hypocapnia,widening 0.6.
A-a gradient capillary wedge pressure
3: tachypnea,dysnea, diffuse chest < 18 mm Hg
opacity
4: severe hypoxemia
PULMONARY VASCULAR

GEN SS DX TX
PULMONARY pulmonary arterial dyspnea CXR O2, anticoagulation,
HYPERTENSION /COR pressure of > 25 mm Hg on exertion, fatigue, shows enlargement of
PULMONALE vasodilators, and
(normal = 15 mm Hg) lethargy, syncope with central pulmonary diuretics if symptoms of
exer- tion, chest pain, arteries. right-sided CHF
and symptoms of right- ECG

sided CHF demonstrates RVH

PULMONARY sudden- Respiratory Acute:heparina

THROMBOEMBOLISM onset dyspnea, pleuritic alkalosis Chronic:warfaribe or LMWH
chest pain, low-grade fe- Xray: Hampton hump IVC filter
ver, cough, tachypnea, ECG: S1Q3T3 Trombolisis massive DVT o
tachycardia, and, rarely, Spiral ct best test
hemoptysis. (if allergic to contratst then
sudden- V/Q scan)
onset dyspnea, pleuritic D -dimer
chest pain, low-grade fe-
ver, cough, tachypnea,
tachycardia, and, rarely,
hemoptysis.
NEOPLASM OF THE LUNG