Ace Ahead Mathematics T Volume 2

Exam Practice 2 5. A A

1. R
10 cm 9 cm 10 cm 9 cm
12 cm 8 cm 9 cm
8 cm
60° 60°
30° C B C B1 B2
P Q2
Q1
Using the sine rule,
Using the sine rule, sin B sin 60°
sin Q sin 30° ——– = ———
——– = —— 10 9
12 8 10 sin 60° = 0.9623
sin B = ————–
12 sin 30° 9
sin Q = ———— = 0.75
8 B = 74.2° or 105.8°
Hence, Q = 48.6° or 131.4° (a) If B = 74.2°,
2. Using the sine rule, C ∠BAC = 180° – 60° – 74.2° = 45.8°
sin C sin 60° 8 cm If B = 105.8°,
——– = ——— 60° ∠BAC = 180° – 60° – 105.82° = 14.2°
9 8 17°
A 9 cm B (b) If B = 74.2°, A = 45.8°
9 sin 60° = 0.9743
sin C = ————
8 ————BC = ——— 9
C = 76.98° or 103.01° sin 45.8° sin 60°
9 sin 45.8°
Take C = 103°, BC = ————— = 7.45 cm
sin 60°
B = 180° – 60° – 103° = 17°
If B = 105.8°, A = 14.2°
AC
——— = ——— 8
sin 17° sin 60° ————BC = ——— 9
8 sin 17° sin 14.2° sin 60°
Hence, AC = ———— = 2.70 cm 9 sin 14.2° = 2.55 cm
sin 60° BC = ————–
sin 60°
3. Using the cosine formula,
6. (a)
X
C
4
1 + √2 4 3
√5 B
2 2 3
A
Y 1 P 1 Z
Using the cosine rule,
(1 + √2 ) + 22 – (√5 )2
2
AC2 + BC2 – AB2
cos ∠XYZ = —————————– cos ∠ACB = ———————–
2(2)(1 + √2 ) 2(AC)(BC)
2(1 + √2 ) 1 36 + 49 – 25
= ————– = — = —————–
4(1 + √2 ) 2 2(6)(7)
Hence, ∠ XYZ = 60° 60
= —–
(XP)2 = 12 + (1 + √2 )2 84
–2(1)(1 + √2 ) cos 60° =— 5 [shown]
= 3 + √2 7
Hence, XP = 2.10 cm (b) Using Pythagoras’ theorem,

4. Area ∆PQR = — 1 pr sin 50° P

2 3 B PQ = √52 – 12
2
1 pr sin 50° = 100 ....... (1) r
75°
q
A 1 = √24 cm [shown]
— 2
2 P Q
50° 55°
Using the sine rule, Q p R
p r
——— = ———
sin 75° sin 55° 4
C RP = √62 – 22
2 2 = √32 cm
sin 55° A
r = p ——— 2 2
sin 75° P R
1 2 sin 55° sin 50°
From (1), — p –—————– = 100
2 sin 75°
C
2 200 sin 75° B
3 4
1 QR = √72 – 12
p = —————— = 307.86 = √48 cm
sin 55° sin 50° 3 3
Hence, p = 17.5 cm Q R

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 1 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:33:59 AM
 (c) √48 (d) The angle between the skew lines AD and
Q R
PC is ∠PCB. P
√24 √32 2a
tan ∠PCB = —– = 2
a
2a
P Hence ∠PCB = 63.4°
Using the cosine formula, C B
a
PR2 + QR2 – PQ2 8. V
cos ∠PRQ = ———————
2(PR)(QR)
32 + 48 – 24
= —————— 20
2(√32)(√48) D C
7 12
= —— X Y
4√6
A 6 B
sin ∠PRQ = √1 – cos2 ∠PRQ (a) Let M be the mid-point of AB. V
∆VBM,
=
√ 1 – —–
49
96 BM 3
cos θ = —– = —– .......(1) 20
VB 20
X

√ 96
47
= — [shown] ∆ AXB,
BX BX
A
3 M 3
θ
B

7. Q cos θ = —– = —– .......(2)
a
AB 6
P Equating (1) and (2),
BX 3
—– = —–
6 20
2a
C 6×3
D BX = ——– = 0.9 cm [shown]
20
A a B Let N be the mid-point of BC. V

(a) The angle beyween the line AQ and the ∆VBN,

plane APB is ∠ QAP. BN 6
cos α = —– = —– .......(3)
Q BV 20
∆BXY, X
BX 0.9 B Y
a cos α = —– = —— .....(4) α N C
BY BY
P
Equating (3) and (4),
A
√5 a 6 0.9
—– = ——
a 20 BY
tan ∠QAP = —— = 0.4472
√5 a 0.9 × 20
Hence, BY = ———– = 3 cm
Hence, ∠QAP = 24.1° 6
(b) Using the cosine rule, (b) X
5a2 + 5a2 – 2a2
cos ∠APC = ——————– Y
2(5)a2 A
= 0.8 The angle between the planes VAB and
Hence, ∠APC = 36.9° VBC is ∠AXY.
(c) Let M be the midpoint of AC. ∆BXY,
Q P XY = √BY 2 – BX 2 = √9 – 0.81 = √8.19
∆ABY,
AY = √AB2 + BY 2 = √36 + 9 = √45
C B ∆ABX,
AX = √AB2 – BX 2 = √36 – 0.81 = √35.19
M
∆AXY,
D A AX 2 + XY 2 – AY 2
cos ∠AXY = ———————–
The angle beyween the planes ACP and 2(AX)(XY)
ABCD is ∠ PMB. P 35.19 + 8.19 – 45
= ————————
2a
tan ∠ PMB = ——– = 2.828 2√35.19 √8.19
√2 2a – 1.62
= ———
—– a
2 33.95
M B = – 0.0477
Hence, ∠PMB = 70.5° √2 a
—–
2 ∠AXY = 180° – 87.3° ⬄ 93°

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 2 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:05 AM
 Hence, the angle between the planes VAB 11. 2 sin x cos x + 4 cos2x = 1
and VBC is 93°. Dividing by cos2 x,
9. Y Let X be the foot of 2 tan x + 4 = sec2 x
the lighthouse and 2 tan x + 4 = 1 + tan2 x
H Y be the top of the tan2 x – 2 tan x – 3 = 0 [shown]
X lighthouse. (tan x – 3)(tan x + 1) = 0
h tan x = 3 or tan x = –1
β
α α
A B x C x = 71.6°, 135°, 251.6°, 315°
Y 12. Let 5 sin θ + 12 cos θ
≡ R sin (θ + α)
AY = tan α
—– ≡ R sin θ cos α + R cos θ sin α
H+h AC
R cos α = 5
H + h ....... (1)
α
AC = ———
tan α R sin α = 12
A C R = √52 + 122 =13
Y 12
tan α = —–
AY 5
H+h —– = tan β α = 67.38°
AB
β H + h ....... (2) Hence, 5 sin θ + 12 cos θ = 13 sin (θ + 67.4°)
AB = ——— 6 sec θ – 5 tan θ = 12
A B tan β
6 5 sin θ
——– – ——— = 12
X AX = tan α
—– cos θ cos θ
AB 5 sin θ + 12 cos θ = 6
h
α h ......... (3)
AB = ——– 13 sin (θ + 67.38) = 6
A B tan α
sin (θ + 67.38) = —– 6
(a) Equating (2) and (3), 13
H+h h θ + 67.38 = 27.49°, 152.51°, 387.49°
——— = ——– Hence, θ = 85.1°, 320.1°
tan β tan α
H tan α + h tan α = h tan β 13. (a) tan 2x = ————
2 tan x
H tan α = h(tan β – tan α) .. (4) 1 – tan2 x
[proven] tan 3x = tan (2x + x)
(b) x = AC – AB tan 2x + tan x
H+h h H = ——————–
= ——— – ——– = ——– 1 – tan 2x tan x
tan α tan α tan α 2 tan x
H = x tan α ————– + tan x
1 – tan2 x
Substituting into (4), = —————————
H tan α
h = —————– = ——————–
tan β – tan α
(x tan α) tan α
tan β – tan α
冢 2 tan x
1 – tan x ———— 冣
1 – tan2 x
x tan2 α 2 tan x + tan x – tan3 x
h = —————– [proven] = ——————————
tan β – tan α 1 – tan2 x – 2 tan2 x
10. P 3 tan x – tan3 x
= ——————– [shown]
1 – 3 tan2 x
38°
(b) tan 3x = 11 tan x
h 3 tan x – tan3 x
——————— = 11 tan x
30
° O 1 – 3 tan2 x
85° 57° 3 tan x – tan3 x = 11 tan x – 33 tan3 x
A 2100 m B 32 tan3 x – 8 tan x = 0
In ∆ PAB, using the sine rule, 8 tan x(4 tan2 x – 1) = 0
AP 2100 1
——— = ——— tan x = 0 or tan x = ± —
sin 57° sin 38° 2
2100 sin 57° Hence, x = 0, π, 0.464, 2.68
AP = —————
sin 38° 14. (a) 5 cos θ + 2 sin2 θ = 4
In ∆ APO, 5 cos θ + 2(1 – cos2 θ) = 4
h 2 cos2 θ – 5 cos θ + 2 = 0
—– = sin 30°
AP (2 cos θ – 1)(cos θ – 2) = 0
h = AP sin 30° 1 or cos θ = 2 (rejected)
cos θ = —
2100 sin 57° sin 30° 2
= ————————– = 1430 m
sin 38° Hence, θ = 60°

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 3 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:07 AM
 (b) 5 sin θ + 3 cos θ = 5 θ
(b) tan — = t
Let 5 sin θ + 3 cos θ 2
= R sin (θ + α) 2 tan —θ
= R sin θ cos α + R cos θ sin α 2 2t
tan θ = ————– = ——–2
R cos α = 5 1 – tan2 —θ 1–t
2
R sin α = 3
冢 冣
2t
R = √52 + 32 = √34 2 ——–2
2 tan θ 1–t
tan α = —
3 tan 2θ = ————– = —————–
1 – tan2 θ
冢 冣
5 2t 2
1 – ——–
α = 30.96° 1 – t2
√34 sin (θ + 30.96°) = 5 4t (1 – t2)
5 = ——————
sin (θ + 30.96°) = —— (1 – t 2)2 – 4t 2
√34
θ + 30.96° = 59.01°, 120.96° 4t (1 – t 2)
= —————
Hence, θ = 28.1°, 90° 1 – 6t 2 + t 4
15. (a) 3 sec θ + tan2 θ + 2 = 0 tan 2θ = 1
3 sec θ + (sec2 θ – 1) + 2 = 0 4t (1 – t 2)
————— =1
sec2 θ + 3 sec θ + 1 = 0 1 – 6t 2 + t 4
– 3 ± √9 – 4 t 4 + 4t 3 – 6t 2 – 4t + 1 = 0 [shown]
sec θ = —————–
2 (c) Roots of the quartic equation are
– 3 ± 2.236 t = tan — θ where
= ————— 2
2
= –0.3820 or –2.618 π
θ = —, —–, 5π —–,9π 13 —–π
cos θ = –2.618 or –0.382 8 8 8 8
cos θ = –0.382 Hence, t = tan —–, π tan —–, 5π tan —–,
9π tan 13
—–π
Hence, θ = (180° – 67.5°), (180° + 67.5°) 16 16 16 16
= 112.5°, 247.5° n = 1, 5, 9, 13
7 sin θ cos θ
(b) cosec A = —, 90° ⬍ A ⬍ 180° 18. tan θ + cot θ = ——– + ——–
2 cos θ sin θ
sin A = —
2 2
7 sin2 θ + cos2 θ
= ——————–
7 √45 sin θ cos θ
√45 1
cos A = – —– = ————
7 1
— sin 2θ
7 7 –7√5 2
Hence, sec A = – —— = – —— = ——–
√45 3√5 15 = 2 cosec 2θ [shown]
5 2
16. cos A = —– , –90° ⬍ A ⬍ 0° (a) y = tan θ + cot θ = 2 cosec 2θ = ———
13 sin 2θ
4 y is maximum when sin 2θ is minimum,
tan B = — , 180° ⬍ B ⬍ 270° sin 2θ = –1
3
3π
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B 2θ = —–
2
冢 冣冢 冣 冢 冣冢 冣
–12 3 5 4
= —– – — + —– – — 3π
13 5 13 5 θ = —–
36 20 4
= —– – —– 5 3π 3π
65 65 –A When θ = —–, y = 2 cosec —– = –2
16 12 4 2
= —– 13
65 Hence, maximum point is —–, 冢 3π –2
4 冣
3 B y is minimum when sin 2θ is maximum,
4
5 sin 2θ = 1
π
2θ = —
17. (a) tan 2θ = 1 2
π —–,
2θ = —,
4 4
5π
冢2π + —π4 冣, 冢2π + —–
4 冣
5π
θ=— π
4
π 5π 9π 13π π π =2
= —, —–, —–, —— When θ = —, y = 2 cosec —
4 4 4 4 4 2
π 5π
Hence, θ = —, —–,
8 8
9π
—–,
8
13π
——
8
Hence, minimum point is —, 冢 4 冣
π 2 .

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 4 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:08 AM
 (b) 2 cosec 2θ = 3 tan θ + 1 (b) cos 4θ = 2 cos2 2θ – 1
tan θ + cot θ = 3 tan θ + 1 = 2(2 cos2 θ – 1)2 – 1
1 = 2(4 cos4 θ – 4 cos2 θ + 1) – 1
——– = 2 tan θ + 1
tan θ = 8 cos4 θ – 8 cos2 θ + 1 [shown]
2 tan2 θ + tan θ – 1 = 0 π
(c) cos 4θ = cos —
(2 tan θ – 1)(tan θ + 1) = 0 6
1 π 11π 13π 23π
tan θ = — or tan θ = –1 4θ = —, ——, ——, ——
2 6 6 6 6
3π 7π π 11π 13π 23π
θ = 0.4636, 3.605, —–, —– Hence, θ = —–, ——, ——, ——
4 4 24 24 24 24
19. (a) cos 3x + cos x = 0
2 cos 2x cos x = 0 (d) √3
8x4 – 8x2 + 1 = —–
cos 2x = 0 or cos x = 0 2
2x = 90°, 270°, 450°, 630°, x = 90°, 270° Let x = cos θ
Hence, x = 45°, 135°, 225°, 315°, 90°, 270° √3
8 cos4 θ – 8 cos2 θ + 1 = —–
(b) 4 cos x – 2 sin x = 3 2
Let 4 cos x – 2 sin x ≡ R cos (x + α) √3
cos 4θ = —–
≡ R cos x cos α – R sin x sin α 2
R cos α = 4 π
cos 4θ = cos —
R sin α = 2 6
R = √42 + 22 = √20 Hence, the roots are,
1 π 11π 13π 23π
tan α = — x = cos —–, cos ——, cos ——, cos ——
2 24 24 24 24
α = 26.57° 22. (a) cos(θ – α) = 3 cos (θ + α)
√20 cos(x + 26.57°) = 3 cos θ cos α + sin θ sin α
3 = 3 cos θ cos α – 3 sin θ sin α
cos (x + 26.57°) = ——
√20 4 sin θ sin α = 2 cos θ cos α
x + 26.57° = 47.87°, 312.13° 1
tan θ = — cot α [shown]
Hence, x = 21.3°, 285.6° 2
20. tan A = 2 cos (θ – 60°) = 3 cos (θ + 60°)
(a) tan (α + A) =4 √5 Comparing the two equations, α = 60°
2 1 cot 60° = —— 1
tan α + tan A tan θ = —
——————– =4 A 2 2√3
1 – tan α tan A
tan α + 2 = 4 – 8 tan α
1 Hence, θ = 16.1°, 196.1°
9 tan α =2 (b) cosec x = √3 sec2 x
Hence, tan α = —
2 1
——– = ——— √3
9 sin x cos2 x
(b) sin (β + A) = 3 cos (β – A) cos2 x = √3 sin x
sin β cos A + cos β sin A
1 – sin2 x = √3 sin x
= 3 cos β cos A + 3 sin β sin A
sin β 2 cos β 3 cos β 6 sin β sin x + √3 sin x – 1 = 0
2

——– + ——— = ——— + ——— – √3 ± √3 + 4

√5 √5 √5 √5 sin x = ——————
2
–5 sin β = cos β = 0.4569 or –2.189
1
Hence, tan β = – — (rejected)
5 Hence, x = 27.2°, 152.8°
√3
23. (a) sin (θ + α) = λ cos (θ – α)
4 2
21. (a) 8x – 8x + 1 = —–
2
sin θ cos α + cos θ sin α
√3
= λ cos θ cos α + λ sin θ sin α
4 2
8x – 8x + 1 – —– = 0
2
Divide by cos θ cos α,
√ 冢 √3
8 ± 64 – 4(8) 1 – –––
2
x = ——————————–
2 冣 tan θ + tan α = λ + λ tan θ tan α
tan θ – λ tan θ tan α = λ – tan α
2(8) tan θ (1 – λ tan α) = λ – tan α
8 ± √59.7128 λ – tan α
= —————— tan θ = ————— [shown]
16 1 – λ tan α
= 0.01704 or 0.98296 2 π
When λ = —√3 , α = —,
Hence, x = ± 0.131 or ± 0.991 3 3

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 5 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:09 AM
 2 π 24 12
— √3 – tan — 25. (a) sin A = —–, cos B = —–
tan θ = 3
——————— 3 25 13
2 π sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
1 – —√3 tan —
3 3
冢 冣冢 冣 冢 冣冢 冣
24 12 7 5
2 = —– —– + —– —–
—√3 – √3 25 13 25 13
= 3
——————
2 323
1–— √3 (√3 ) = ——
3 325
= √3 = —–
—–
1 25
24 13
3 √3 5
π 7π A B
Hence, θ = —, —– 7 12
6 6
π ⬍θ⬍π cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
(b) x = sin θ, —
2
2 sin θ – cos θ = 2 x
1
θ 冢 冣冢 冣 冢 冣冢 冣
7 12
= —– —– – —– —–
25 13
24
25 13
5

2x – (– √1 – x 2
)=2 –√1 – x2 36
= – —–
325
√1 – x2 = 2 – 2x
Since cos (A + B) ⬍ 0, and sin (A + B) ⬎ 0
√1 – x2 = 2(1 – x) [shown] A + B is in the second quadrant
1 – x2 = 4(1 – x)2 π
1 – x2 = 4 – 8x + 4x2 Hence, –– ⬍ A + B ⬍ π [deduced]
2
5x2 – 8x + 3 = 0
(b) sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 5θ + sin 7θ
(5x – 3)(x – 1) = 0
= (sin θ + sin 7θ) + (sin 3θ + sin 5θ)
3
Hence, x = — or 1 (rejected) = 2 sin 4θ cos 3θ + 2 sin 4θ cos θ
5 = 2 sin 4θ (cos 3θ + cos θ)
2 tan θ = 2(2 sin 2θ cos 2θ)(2 cos 2θ cos θ)
tan 2θ = ————– 5
1 – tan2 θ 3 θ = 8 cos θ sin 2θ cos2 2θ
2 –—
= ———–
冢 冣3
4
4 = 8 cos θ(2 sin θ cos θ) cos2 2θ
= 16 sin θ cos2 θ cos2 2θ [proven]
9
1 – —– 26. (a) 3 cos 2θ – sin 2θ = 2
16 Let t = tan θ
24 3 (cos2 θ – sin2 θ) – 2 sin θ cos θ = 2
= – —– [deduced]
7
冢 冣 冢 冣冢 冣
1 t2 t 1
24. (a) sin 2θ – 2 sin 4θ + sin 6θ = 0 3 ——– – ——–2 – 2 ——––2 ——— =2
2
1+t 1+t √1 + t √1 + t 2
(sin 2θ + sin 6θ) – 2 sin 4θ = 0
2 sin 4θ cos 2θ – 2 sin 4θ = 0
√1 + t 2
2 sin 4θ (cos 2θ – 1) = 0 3(1 – t2) – 2t = 2(1 + t2) t
sin 4θ = 0 or cos 2θ = 1 2
3 – 3t – 2t = 2 + 2t 2
θ
4θ = 0, π, 2π, 3π, 4π, 2θ = 0, 2π, 4π 5t2 + 2t – 1 = 0 1
π π 3π – 2 ± √4 + 20
Hence, θ = 0, —, —, —–, π t = —————–
4 2 4 10
1 + cos 2θ + sin 2θ = 0.2899 or – 0.6899
(b) ————————–
1 – cos 2θ + sin 2θ tan θ = 0.2899 or – 0.6899
2 cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ Hence, θ = 16°, 196°, 145°, 325°
= ——————————
2 sin2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ (b) sin 3x = sin(2x + x)
2 cos θ (cos θ + sin θ) = sin 2x cos x + cos 2x sin x
= —————————– = 2 sin x cos2 x + sin x(1 – 2 sin2 x)
2 sin θ (sin θ + cos θ)
cos θ = 2 sin x(1 – sin2 x) + sin x – 2 sin3 x
= ——– = 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x [proven]
sin θ
= cot θ ...........(1) [proven] sin 3x = sin2 x
1 + sin 2θ = 3 cos 2θ 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x = sin2 x
Substitute into (1), 4 sin3 x + sin2 x – 3 sin x = 0
3 cos 2θ + cos 2θ sin x (4 sin2 x + sin x – 3) = 0
———————— = cot θ sin x (4 sin x – 3)(sin x + 1) = 0
3 cos 2θ – cos 2θ
Hence, sin x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 , π , 2π
cot θ = 2
or sin x = — 3 ⇒ x = 0.85, 2.29
1
tan θ = — 4
2 3π
Hence, θ = 26.6°, 206.6° or sin x = –1 ⇒ x = —–
2

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 6 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:10 AM
 27. (a) 7 tan θ + cot θ = 5 sec θ 1
cos (θ – 1.35) = ——
7 sin θ cos θ 5 9.22
——— + ——– = ——–
cos θ sin θ cos θ θ – 1.35 = 1.46
7 sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 5 sin θ θ = 2.81
7 sin θ + (1 – sin2 θ) = 5 sin θ
2
Hence, smallest positive solution is
6 sin2 θ – 5 sin θ + 1 = 0 2.81.
(3 sin θ – 1)(2 sin θ – 1) = 0 A+B A–B
29. (a) cos A + cos B = 2 cos ——— cos ———
1 1 2 2
sin θ = — or —
3 2 Let A = nθ , B = (n – 2)θ
θ = 19.5°, 30°, 150°, 160.5° A+B nθ + (n – 2)θ
——— = —————— = (n –1)θ
1 1 2 2
(b) cos A = — , sin B = —
2 3 A–B nθ – (n – 2)θ
——— = —————— = θ
2 2
2 3 Hence, cos nθ + cos (n – 2)θ
√3 1
= 2 cos (n – 1)θ cos θ
A B Let n = 4,
1 √8 cos 4θ + cos 2θ = 2 cos 3θ cos θ
tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) = ——————– cos 4θ = 2 cos θ (4 cos3 θ –
1 – tan A tan B 3 cos θ) – (2 cos2 θ – 1)
√3 + —–1 = 8 cos4 θ – 8 cos2 θ + 1
= —————— √8 Let n = 5,
cos 5θ + cos 3θ = 2 cos 4θ cos θ
1
1 – (√3 ) —–
√8 冢 冣 cos 5θ = 2 cos θ (8 cos4 θ
√24 + 1 – 8 cos2 θ + 1)
= ———— – (4 cos3 θ – 3 cos θ)
√8 – √3
= 16 cos5 θ – 20 cos3 θ
(√24 + 1)(√8 + √3 )
= ————————– + 5 cos θ
(√8 – √3 )(√8 + √3 ) (b) sin 2θ ⬎ sin θ
y
= 8√3 + 6√2 + 2√2 + √3
—————————— y = sin θ y = sin 2θ
8–3 1

9√3 + 8√2 [shown]

= —————
5 θ
O π π 3π 5π 2π
—— —– —–
28. (a) sin 2x = 3 cos2 x 3 2 2 3
2 sin x cos x – 3 cos2 x = 0 –1 π
cos x (2 sin x – 3 cos x) = 0 Let sin 2θ = sin θ
cos x = 0 or 2 sin x – 3 cos x = 0 2 sin θ cos θ – sin θ = 0
When cos x = 0, sin θ (2 cos θ – 1) = 0
x = 90°, 270° 1
When 2 sin x – 3 cos x = 0 sin θ = 0 or cos θ = —
2
tan x = —
3
θ = 0, π, 2π or θ = —, π —–5π
2 3 3
Hence, x = 56.3°, 236.3° Hence, from the graphs, sin 2θ ⬎ sin θ when
(b) Let 2 cos θ + 9 sin θ 0⬍θ⬍— π or π ⬍ θ ⬍ —–. 5π
≡ R cos (θ – α) 3 3
≡ R cos θ cos α + R sin θ sin α 30. cosec θ + cot θ = —— 1 + ——– cos θ
R cos α = 2 sin θ sin θ
θ –1
R sin α = 9
R = √22 + 92 = √85 = 9.22
1 + 2 cos2 —
= ————————
冢 2 冣
9 2 sin — θ cos — θ
tan α = — 2 2
2
2 θ
α = 1.35 2 cos —
2
Hence, 2 cos θ + 9 sin θ ≡ 9.22 cos (θ – 1.35) = ——————–
θ
2 sin — cos — θ
(i) Hence, maximum value of 2 2
2 cos θ + 9 sin θ is 9.22 and it θ
occurs when θ = 1.35. cos —
2
(ii) 2 cos θ + 9 sin θ = 1 = ———
sin —θ
9.22 cos (θ – 1.35) = 1 2

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 7 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:11 AM
 θ [proven]
= cot — In ∆VAP,
2 1 a sec φ
—
VP 2
π
(a) Let θ = —, cot —π = cosec — π + cot — π tan α = —– = —————
4 8 4 4 AP 1a
—
= √2 + 1 2
π tan α = sec φ [proven]
Let θ = — (b) In ∆ABQ,
6
π = cosec — π + cot — π BQ
cot —– sin α = ——
12 6 6 a
BQ = a sin α
= 2 + √3
Also, DQ = a sin α
(b) cosec θ = cot — θ – cot θ In ∆QBD,
2 a2sin2 α + a2sin2 α – 2a2
cosec 2θ = cot θ – cot 2θ cos ψ = ——————————–
2(a sin α)(a sin α)
cosec 4θ = cot 2θ – cot 4θ
cosec θ + cosec 2θ + cosec 4θ 2a2(sin2 α – 1)
= ——————–
θ – cot 4θ 2a2sin2 α
= cot —
2 – cos2 α
= ———–
(c) cosec 8θ = cot 4θ – cot 8θ sin2 α tan2 α = sec2 φ
cosec θ + cosec 2θ + cosec 4θ + cosec 8θ = –cot2 α 冢
cot2 α = cos2 φ 冣
θ cos ψ = –cos φ [proven]
2
= cot — – cot 8θ
2 32. D
4π 6
Let θ = —–, 20 Q
15 6
B
4π + cosec —–
cosec —– 8π + cosec 16
—–π + cosec 32
—–π
C 20
15 15 15 15
60° 15
2π 32π
= cot —– – cot —— P
15
15 15
2π 2π
= cot —– – cot —– A
15 15 C 20 B
BP
32π 32π In ∆ABP, —– = sin ∠CAB
= 0 [proven]
冢
cot —— = cot —— – 2π
15 15 冣 15
20 25 15
BP = 15 × —– = 12
31. V
25
A
DP
In ∆CDP, —– = sin ∠DCP C 20 D
20
= sin ∠DCA
15 25 15
D C DP = 20 × —– = 12
Q ψ 25
M
θ φ a A
α
In ∆BPD, using the cosine rule,
A P B
BD2 = 122 +122 – 2(12)(12) cos 60°
In ∆VPM, = 144
VM 2VM BD = 12 cm [shown]
tan φ = —— = ——
a
1
—a The angle between the planes ABD and CBD is
2
In ∆VAM, ∠AQC.
VM VM
tan θ = —— = ———– AC = √152 + 202 = 25
AM 1
—√2a AQ = √152 – 62 = √189
2
CQ = √202 – 62 = √364
2VM
√2 tan θ = ——–a In ∆ AQC, using the cosine rule,
Hence, tan φ = √2 tan θ [proven] 189 + 364 – 252
(a) In ∆VPM, cos ∠AQC = ———————
1a 2√189√364
—
PM 2 = –0.137
cos φ = —— = ——
VP VP ∠AQC = 98°
1 Hence, the angle between the planes ABD and
VP = — a sec φ
2 CBD is 98°

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 8 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:12 AM
 33. C (a) In ∆ APE, E 2 P
AP 2 = 342 – 22 = 1152
P 45°
D
AP = √1152 = 33.9 cm 34

2 1 A
(b) cos α = —– = —–
5 cm 34 17 E 2 26 2 F
B α
In ∆ EFX,
EX X
sin α = —–
O 4 cm A 30
A 26 B
EX = 30 sin α
(a) Area of curved surface ABCD = 30 × 0.9983 = 29.95
45 Also, GX = 29.95
= —— 2πrh
360 EG = √302 + 302 = 42.43
1 In ∆EXG,
= — × 2π × 4 × 5 2
8 cos ∠EXG = 29.95 + 29.952 – 42.432
——————————
= 5π = 15.7 cm2 2(29.95)(29.95)
(b) The angle between AC and the plane OAB = –0.0035
is ∠BAC. ∠EXG = 180° – 89.8° = 90.2°
In ∆OAB, AB2 = 42 + 42 – 2(4)(4) cos 45° Hence, the angle between the planes
= 9.3726 ABFE and BCGF is 90.2°
AB = 3.0615 35. X
9
5 7
In ∆ABC, tan ∠BAC = ——— D C
3.0615 4 9 h 7 4
Q
∠BAC = 58.5° P Y 4
4
(c) AC = √52 + 3.062 = √34.3636 A R 13 B
16 + 41 – 34.3636
In ∆OAC, cos α = ———————— (a) ∆APX, PX = √9 – 4 = √65 2 2
X
2(4)冢√41 冣 ∆BQX, XQ = √72 – 42 = √33
= 0.4419 ⇒ α = 63.77° Let the height of X be h and
CF CF h
In ∆OCF, sin α = —– = —– PY = a, YQ = 13 – a
OC √41 P
a
Q
Y 13 – a
CF = √41 sin 63.77° = 5.744
EF 5 ∆PXY, h2 + a2 = 65 ................... (1)
In ∆CFE, cos ∠CFE = —– = ——– ∆QXY, h2 + (13 – a)2 = 33 ........ (2)
CF 5.744
∠CFE = 29.5° (1) – (2), a2 – 169 + 26a – a2 = 32
The angle between the planes OAC and 26a = 201
OADP is 29.5° 201
a = —— = 7.73
C 26
From (1), h2 = 65 – 7.732 = 5.235
P 45° E h = 2.29
D
Hence, the height of X above the base
ABCD is 2.29 cm.
h 2.29
B (b) ∆AXY, sin ∠XAY = — = ——
9 9
α ∠XAY = 14.7°
O 4 cm F A Hence, the angle of inclination of AX to
1 the horizontal is 14.7°
(d) Area of triangle OAC = — (OA)(CF) (c) ∆AXR, XR2 = 92 – x2
2
1 ∆BXR, XR2 = 72 – (13 – x)2
= — (4)(5.744) 92 – x2 = 72 – (169 – 26x + x2) X
2
201 = 26x 9 7
= 11.5 cm2
x = 7.73 A B
34. H 30 x R 13 – x
G
XR = √92 – 7.732 = 4.61
h 2.29
E F 34 ∆XRY, sin ∠XRY = —– = ——
D XR 4.61
C ∠XRY = 29.8°
X
Hence, the angle of inclination of the face
A 26 B AXB to the horizontal is 29.8°.

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 9 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:13 AM
 36. Y WZ = √52 – 22 = √21 P Q
M
√17 5 √21
X Z cos θ = ——
√21 A 2 B
θ = 25.9°
8
B
3
Hence, ∠WZY = 25.9° + 90° = 115.9°
5 Hence, angle between the planes ABQP
3
N
and DCRS
A P C
= ∠WVX
(a) The angle between the planes AYZ and
= 2θ = 51.8°
ABC is ∠YAB.
38. Y Q X
8
tan ∠YAB = —
5
Hence, ∠YAB = 58° 3 R D
(b) The angle between the line AM and the A
plane ABC is ∠MAN. M 4 60°
Z
M
In ∆ABN, AN = √52 + 32 4
= √34 8
B 12 P 12 C

8 (a) The height of XY above the horizontal

tan ∠MAN = —–
√34 A √34 N
ABCD is YZ.
Hence, ∠MAN = 53.9° ∆MYZ, YZ = 3 sin 60°
3√3
(c) The angle between the planes YPZ and = —— m
M 2
ABC is ∠MPN.
(b) ∆MYZ, MZ = 3 cos 60° = 1.5
8
tan ∠MPN = —– 8 Hence, XY = BC – 2MZ
2.5 = 24 – 2(1.5) = 21 m
Hence, ∠MPN = 72.6° (c) The angle of inclination of YB to the
P 2.5 N
horizontal is ∠YBZ.
(d) The angle between the skew lines AB and
3√3
XC is ∠YXC 5 ——
X Y
sin ∠YBZ = —— 2 (BY = 5)
10
tan ∠YXC = —– = 2 5
5 10 ∠YBZ = 31.3°
Hence, ∠YXC = 63.4° (d) The angle of inclination of the plane
37. XYBC to the horizontal is ∠QPR.
S Y R C
4 cm PQ = √52 – 1.52 = 4.77 Y Q X

P Q 5
Z X
C 1.5
5 cm D B P C
M 4
2 W ∆PQR, cos ∠QPR = —— Q
A 2 8 cm B 4.77
(a) PM is the perpendicular distance between Hence, ∠QPR = 33.0° 4.77 4.77
the planes ABCD and PQRS.
AM = 2√2 R 8 P
∆APM, PM2 = 52 – (2√2)2 = 17
(e) The angle between XB and AD is ∠XBC.
PM = √17 = 4.123 cm
4.77
(b) The angle between the line AP and the tan ∠XBC = —— Y X
plane ABCD is ∠PAM. 22.5
2√2 Hence, ∠XBC = 12.0° 4.77
cos ∠PAM = —— 39. 22.5
5 B C
∠PAM = 55.6° B C

(c) The angle between the planes ABQP and A D

3 cm
PQRS is ∠WZY. F E
26 cm
V
Q R
Y
Z Y P
M S
√21 θ √17

W X U 13 cm T

10

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 10 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:15 AM
 (a) The height of the lamp shade is AM, 40. N North
PM = 10 cm
M
10 3 3 10
3 ψ β E h
B
∆APM, AM 2 = 262 – 102 13
Hence, AM = √576 = 24 cm l ψ D
C
(b) The angle between the edge AP and the θ
α
base PQRSTU is ∠APM. φ
A D
10 5 ψ–φ
Hence, cos ∠APM = —– = —– C ψ
26 13 –
0°
(c) The perpendicular distance from A to PU ∆ABC, AC = l cos θ 18
is AX. φ
∆APX, AX 2 = 262 – 52 A 3 F
A
= 651
Hence, AX = √651 cm 26 Y AD l cos θ
∆ACD, —————– = ————–
sin(180° – ψ) sin(ψ – φ)
5 3 5 l sin ψ cos θ
P X U AD = —————–
sin(ψ – φ)
Since the area of APUF is a constant, and ∆ADM, h = AD tan α
AP = 2PU, the perpendicular distance l tan α sin ψ cos θ
= ————————– [shown]
1 AX = —1 √651 cm sin(ψ – φ)
from U to AP is —
2 2 ∆ABC, BC = l sin θ
(d) The angle between the faces APUF and CD l cos θ
∆ACD, —— = ————–
APQB is ∠UYQ. sin φ sin(ψ – φ)
Q
1
—√651 l cos θ sin φ
2 CD = ——————
sin(ψ – φ)
Y 13√3
∆BME, tan β
1 ME
—√651
1 2 = ——
U
UY = QY = — √651 BE
2 h – DE
QU = 2 × 13 sin 60° = 13√3 = ———–
CD
1 (651) + ––
–– 1 (651) – 507 h – BC
4 4 = ———
cos ∠UYQ = ——————————– CD
冢 冣冢 冣
1 1
2 — √651 — √651 l tan α sin ψ cos θ
2 2 ————————– – l sin θ
sin(ψ – φ)
= –0.5576 = —————————————
Hence, ∠UYQ = 123.9° l cos θ sin φ
——————
sin(ψ – φ)
l tan α sin ψ cos θ – l sin θ sin(ψ – φ)
= ————————————————–
l cos θ sin φ
tan α sin ψ – tan θ sin(ψ – φ)
= ————————————–
sin φ
= cosec φ [tan α sin ψ – tan θ sin(ψ – φ)] [shown]

11

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP2 4th.indd 11 Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:34:18 AM