PETE 310

Lectures #23 & #24

Chapter 11: Pages 317-19, 321-22,
326-333

Consolidate Oil Reservoir Density

Calculations

{ Methods Discussed
z Given composition of saturated liquid-
iterative procedure (guess contribution
of C1 & C2) Excel file & Ex. 11-4
z Given composition of saturated liquid-
correlation - using W1 & W2 Excel file
& Ex. 11-5
z Given solution gas-oil-ratio, gas
composition and stock tank oil gravity
(or API) Excel file & Ex. 11-6

Consolidate Oil Reservoir Density

Calculations

{ Methods Discussed (cont.)

z All these methods evaluate oil density
in stages
a) Pseudo-oil at Tsc, Psc
b) Correct oil density in (a) 1st for reservoir
pressure
c) Correct density in (b) for reservoir
temperature
JCPT paper method & Example 11-7 of
text book

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 Consolidate Oil Reservoir Density
Calculations
JCPT paper method & Example 11-7 of
text book
Both require solution gas-oil-ratio, separator
gas gravity, API gravity of stok tank,
pressure, and temperature
JCPT includes a more current correlation
Both calculate pseudoliquid density at
standard conditions and adjust for reservoir
pressure and temperature using same
equations as in the other methods.
Compare densities from both methods

Oil density is at or below pb

Consolidate Oil Reservoir Density

Calculations
{ Example 11-7 highlights
z Given data: API, Rs, T, p, gs
z Find molecular weight of gas as

Mwg = gs 29
z Find mass of gas dissolved in one STB of oil as

SCF lb mole
Mwg [=]
Rs lb

VM
id
STB SCF lb mole

z Find mass of oil in 1 STB as (your turn!)

Consolidate Oil Reservoir Density

Calculations

{ Example 11-7 highlights (more)

z Pretend that the oil components are two:
stock tank oil & surface gas

Liquid density Liquid volume at 60F & 14.696

Component Mass
(lb/cu ft) psia (cu ft/ STB)
lb/STB at Tsc, Psc
Surface gas *fig 11-8
Stock-tank oil
sum(masses) sum(volumes)

pseudoliquid density = ?
You tell me what comes next

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Figure 11.8

Consolidate Oil Reservoir Density

Calculations

{ Compare the densities obtained by

JCPT procedure with that from
Example 11-7
{ Discuss results
{ Different evaluation methods will
result in different values of Bo

Consolidate Oil Reservoir Density

Calculations

{ The oil formation volume factor is evaluated

at or below pb

STO + 0.01357 Rs gs
Bo =
OR

{ How do we evaluate Bo above the bubble

point?

3
For Pressures Above pb

The Oil Density Above Pb

Coefficient of Isothermal
Compressibility of Oil (Co)

Why??

4
Correlations for Co

{ Above bubblepoint pressure

(undersaturated)
{ Below bubblepoint pressure
(saturated)

Co for pressures higher than pb

Co for pressures above pb (Appendix B

page 522)

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Co for pressures below pb
{ Oil volume will change because of
z Pressure
z Gas in solution
B R 1
Co = o Bg s Bo
p p

B R R 1
Co = o s Bg s Bo
Rs p p
1 R B
Co = Bo s Bg o
p Rs

Co for pressures below pb

{ You can evaluate Co using the methods of
JCPT paper
{ Need to have Bg

B R R 1
Co = o s Bg s Bo

s
R p p
1 R B
Co = Bo s Bg o
p Rs

Co for p < pb

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Co for pressures below pb (Appendix B)

Bo for pressures below pb

Bo for pressures below pb

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These ancient plots are useful to
{ Establish ranges of applicability
(API, Rs, p)
{ Determine trends for the physical
properties as a function of p, T, API,
etc.
z Does Bo increase with Rs?
z Does Bo increase with API?
{ Provide quick estimates
(sometimes)
{ Exercise our visual skills

Total Formation Volume Factor

Oil Viscosity
{ Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to
flow exerted by a fluid
{ This is called dynamic viscosity and has
units of
centipoise = g mass / 100 sec cm
{ Kinematic viscosity is viscosity / density,
units are in
centistokes = centipoise /g/cc

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 Needs of Crude Oil Viscosity

{ Calculation of two-phase flow

{ Gas-lift and pipeline design
{ Calculate oil recovery either from
natural depletion or from recovery
techniques such as waterflooding
and gas-injection processes

Separation and
Production Well
Storage Facilities
HC Gas Injection
Injection Well
from Pipeline
or Recycle

2 1

Oil Bank /
1 Oil Zone 2
Miscible Front

Variation of Oil Viscosity

T = constant
Oil Viscosity

Gas Out of
Solution

Two Phase Flow Single Phase Flow

Pb

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Evaluation of Oil Viscosity

{ Evaluate dead oil viscosity (no gas

in solution) given oil API and
reservoir temperature (Figure 11-
13)
{ Correct for pressure by adding gas
in solution (Fig 11-14)
{ Most of the oil viscosity correlations
are oil dependent (large errors)

Dead Oil Viscosity

Dead Oil Viscosity (Appendix B)

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Saturated Oil Viscosity (add gas)

Saturated Oil Viscosity (Appendix B)

Oil Viscosities above pb

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Oil Viscosity Above Pb

pb { No correction for p
p> pb
=pb
{ Larger corrections
for higher
pressures

Viscosity of Undersaturated Black Oils

Viscosity Correlations

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Judge These Oil Viscosity Correlations

Judging Correlations

Judging Viscosity Correlations

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Judging Bubble Point Correlations
Untitled
Correlation Comparison
Bubble Point
3000

2800

2600
Bubble Point, psia

2400

2200

2000
Vazquez and Beggs
Kartoatmodjo
Generalized Standing
Standing 1800
Kaye
Petrosky
Palmer, Poillion and Todd
Mendez 1600
Lasater 0 5 10 15 20
Osorio
Glaso Correlation
Obomanu - Okpobiri
Omoregie
Reg: CPTC PSS - Chevron Oil Corporation
Al-Marhoun

Viscosity References

Viscosity References

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Oil Viscosity References

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