Electrostatic Precipitator

Training Seminar

Practical Electrical Concept

CONTENTS

1. Overview control system

2. Control equipment

3. Control Principle

4. AVC function

5. Integrated Process Control System

Overview control system
1. Overview Control System
Control signal Control panel
Controller T/R set
V A kV mA
Feedback

Single field ESP

T/R set
1. Overview Control System
Three fields ESP
To Plant DCS (Distributed control system)

Remote RS-485
Control

RJ-
45
PMS

I/O
DCSI
Opacity

RS-485 / Fiber
PLC
optic
/ Ethernet

Inlet Outlet

m m m
1. Overview Control System
AVC (Automatic voltage controller)
SCR Transformer/Rectifier Set
Current Limiting
Reactor (CLR)
AC Power

Primary Voltage Meter (AC)

+
V

Voltage
Divider
Primary Current A
Meter (AC)

Secondary Current Secondary Voltage

Firing Circuit +
Meter (DC) Meter (DC)
mA kV
+
Microprocessor
Control Module Signal Precipitator
Resistor

Automatic Voltage Controller Signal

Resistor
1. Overview Control System
AVC (Automatic voltage controller)
SCR Transformer/Rectifier Set
Current Limiting
Reactor (CLR)
AC Power

Primary Voltage Meter (AC)

+
V

Voltage
Divider
Primary Current A
Meter (AC) Secondary Current Secondary Voltage
Meter (DC) Meter (DC)
Firing Circuit +
mA kV
+
Microprocessor
Control Module Signal Precipitator
Resistor

Automatic Voltage Controller Signal

Resistor
 1. Overview Control System
AVC (Automatic voltage controller)
Breaker Transformer/Rectifier Set

Control
AVC board panel
Control equipment
2. Control Equipment
SCR

Voltage
Divider

Inlet
Outlet

KV

mA
Fan
2. Control Equipment

Voltage SCR
Divider

Inlet
Outlet

KV

mA
Fan
 2. Control Equipment
T/R set: provide kV and mA feedback to controller
Controller main board: located in control panel
Keypad: graphic user interface

Interface board
DCSI = Distributed Control Systems Interface:
forward signal to remote area (CCR)

Single phase
power cable
 2. Control
Where Equipment
is AVC?...GVC
Inside control panel

Keypad

AVC
(Control board)

SCR
(Silicon control rectifier)
2. Control Equipment
Other electrical components wiring and control through control panel

Heater: insulator, hopper, purge air

fan
Motor: rapping system, hopper
vibrator, fan blower
HV panel and auxiliary control panel
are used for ESP application
Control principle
 3. Control Principle
Conventional TR / AVC

8.33 Milliseconds HF T/R: 30sec

1 Half Cycle (H/C) (0.03 msec)
(10 msec at 50Hz)

+ Power On

Time

Conduction
Angle 90

0 90 180 270
360
3. Control Principle
Spark & Arc

1 Arc

2 Sparks 1 Arc

Spark Spark Spark Spark Spark

User defined: 30ms 10ms 15ms Time

3. Control principle
Principle of high voltage control-DC mode

Ramp (Slope) Two sparks within Spk Int.

Fast Ramp setting cause Arc Quench
Slow Ramp
Spark Setback

Vmean

Recovery
Deion Time
(Arc Quench)

Time
3. Control Principle
Current Control Mode

Control mA lower than the Spark

Spark
level

mA

Step
When meets no spark
mA step up gradually

Time
3. Control Principle
3. Control Principle
AVC function and feature
4. AVC Function
Setting
Primary voltage :
Control the amount of power, Prevent under & over voltage
Primary current :
Control the amount of power, Ensure SCR condtion
Sec. voltage :
Control the amount of power, Prevent under & over voltage,
Detect back corona
Sec. current :
Detect spark and arc
Cond. Angle: how long SCR is conducting
(90 to 160)
4. AVC Function
Control function
FR: Fast recovery mode, restore power quickly
IE: Intermittent energization, to pulse the SCR
BC: Back corona
DC: Operated manually

Alarm option
Over voltage SCR Unbalance
Over current On/Off Starts
Spark Under voltage
T/R Hi Temp SCR Hi Temp
4. AVC Function

Alarm
4. AVC Function
Features of Modern AVC Controller
Rapping Control
Auto V-I curve plotting
Oscilloscope Analysis
Parameter Recall
Networking/Remote Communication Capability
4. AVC Function
Spark Response

Set back, Spark rate, Ramp (Recovery)

Spark sensitivity

Arc Response
SCR: Conducting angle = 0
Quenching and kV = 0
Ramp
4. AVC Function
Spark response and Quench
 4. AVC Function
Problem analysis case 1: low spark response

Spark Spark 1

Spark 2

How to know Spark sensitivity is too high or low ?

Quench
Quench
4. AVC Function
Problem analysis case 2: fast spark response

Spark

Quench

Quench
Integrated control system
5. Integrated Process Control System
CCR / DCS

HMI: Humanmachine interface CCR

GUI: Graphic user interface
WUI: Web user interface

Local Control Room

GATEWAY MMI GATEWAY MMI

RS232 RS232

PLC PLC
AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC

ESP

Digital / Analogue I/O : Digital / Analogue I/O :

Air Purging Fan Air Purging Fan
Heaters Heaters
Hopper Level Sw Hopper Level Sw
Hopper Vibrators Hopper Vibrators
Blowers Blowers
Others Others
 5. Integrated Process Control System

Malaysia Kapar Power Station (KEV), 16 sets -Retrofit

5. Integrated Process Control System
5. Integrated Process Control System

Secondary Current (mA) Secondary Voltage (kV) Generation Load (MW) Opacity (%)

Spark Rate Rapper 1 / 2 On-Off