WORLD HISTORY Mr.

Torrance
TIMELINE ABBREVIATION ANSWERS
ph A M R M pm
c
1. ph - means Prehistory - (From earliest times to about 2,500 BC)
Events include: Creation/Evolution, Hunting & Gathering, Domestication of Plants & Animals
(farming), use of fire, religion, art, tools, weapons, Homo erectus, Neanderthal, Cro-magnon, etc.

2. A - means Ancient History - (From about 2,500 BC to AD 476)

Events include: Writing, Earliest Civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, the story
of Gilgamesh, Persian Empire, Greek Empire, Roman Empire, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism,
Christianity, Olmecs, Huns, Cyrus the Great, Alexander the Great, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle,
Julius Caesar, Caesar Augustus, Jesus Christ, etc.

3. the first M - means Middle Ages - (From 476 to 1453)

Events include: Justinian, Charlemagne, Feudalism, Vikings, Holy Roman Empire, Mongol
Empire, Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Islam, Mohammed, Byzantium, Crusades, Golden Age
Kingdoms of West Africa, Toltecs, Mayans, Hundred Years War, Joan of Arc, etc.

4. R - means Renaissance - (From 1291 to 1648)

Events include: Marco Polo, Revival of Trade, Rise of Towns or Cities, Rise of Nations, Revival
of the classics, Revival of Humanism, Secularism and Individualism, Age of Exploration,
Conquest of the New World, Columbus, Cortes, Magellan, Mercantilism, Giotto, Masaccio,
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rafael, Thirty Years War, Peace of Westphalia, Protestant
Reformation, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Catholic Reformation, Loyola, Aztecs, Incas, etc.

5. the second M - means Modern Age - (From 1648 to 1945)

Events include: English Revolution, American Revolution, French Revolution, Mexican
Revolution, Cromwell, Charles I, Washington, Louis XVI, Robespierre, Hidalgo, Bolivar,
Industrial Revolution, Unification of Italy, Cavour, Unification of Germany, Bismarck, Picasso,
Marx, Imperialism, World War I, Lenin, Communism, Hitler, World War II, etc.

6. pm - means Post Modern - (From 1945 on to the Present)

Events include: Atomic Bomb, Cold War, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbechev, Korean
War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Fall of Communism, United Nations, Space Age,
John F. Kennedy, Computers, European Economic Community, NATO, Gulf War I.

7. c - means Contemporary - (Ones own lifetime different for each person)

Events include: Internet, DVDs, Cell phones, President Barak Obama, George Bush,
Osama ben Laden, Saddam Hussein, Palestinian Intifada, 911 Terrorist Attack, Gulf War II,
NAFTA, Afghanistan War, Asian Tsunami, Barry Bonds, Kobe Bryant, Peyton Manning, etc.

8. The Top Arrow means Rebirth of Classical Learning.

9. The Bottom Arrow means the beginning of Modern Age.
10. Classical refers to Greek and Roman ideas.
***Bob Johnson, a teacher from Yuba City invented this schemata, he retired about 1990***