Ch.

3 - PC networks
1 Components
2 Shared resources
3 Network operating systems
4 Novell Netware
5 Windows NT
6 IBM LAN Server
7 Netware vs Windows NT

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Ch. 3 - PC networks

A PC network is used to share resources such as files and printers. A PC network is

normally based on Ethernet or Token Ring and consists of a number of components:

1. Cabling is used to physically connect the components together. A common type of cable
used in both Ethernet and Token Ring is twisted pair.

2. Clients such as PCs or Macintoshes can be used together on the same network. One
often distinguishes between the hardware and the software components of a client. One
important hardware component is the NIC, which stands for Network Interface Card,
inside the client. The software component responsible for communication consists of
two parts: the operating system and communication software. These two together are
called Network Operating System. An example of a Network Operating System on a
client is DOS and IPX software.

3. Servers are used to share documents and programs. Servers are often dedicated powerful
computers. There are different types of Network Operating Systems for a server.
Examples are Novell Netware, Windows NT and IBM LANServer.

4. Printers are common components found in a PC network.

5. Gateways, not seen in this picture, are used to translate between two applications or
protocols. Gateways are used for communication between different protocols.

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Ch. 3 - PC networks

One of the main reasons for using local networks is to share common resources, such as
printers, files, e-mail and devices for communication.

In the picture you see a shared printer and a file server which is used to share files. Routers
and gateways are used for communication to other LANs and remote devices such as
computers and faxes.

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Ch. 3 - PC networks

After the physical network the NOS, Network Operating System, is the most important
part in a PC network. The network operating system is responsible for the levels 3 to 7 in
the OSI model. This means that NOS is independent of the type of network. It works in the
same manner on an Ethernet as a Token Ring.

There are two types of NOS. The first type is called "peer to peer which means that no
dedicated server is needed. The other type is server based and is used for larger, more
demanding networks.

There are many vendors with their own types of NOS on the market.

The leading systems for "peer to peer based NOS are NetWare Lite and Windows for
Workgroups.

The leading systems for server based NOS are Novell NetWare, Windows NT and OS/2
LAN Server.

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Ch. 3 - PC networks

Novell Netware has for a long time been a market leader of NOS. Netware has been on the
market since 1983 and it runs only on Intel processors.

Novell developed NetWare, which is a powerful multisession system. This means that
NetWare can handle different parallel sessions as previously only found in larger types of
computers.

NetWare is sold in many versions corresponding to the number of users, types of

connections and level of security.

The client could be a personal computer with or without its own hard disc and with an
operating system such as MS-DOS, OS/2, MacOS or UNIX.

Netware handles both IPX and TCP/IP traffic over Ethernet or Token Ring.

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Ch. 3 - PC networks

In the summer of 1993 Microsoft released their new Network Operating System, NT for
workstations. The NT server followed in the autumn of 1994. The network protocols used
in NT are NetBEUI, TCP/IP, IPX and AppleTalk, which gives NT the opportunity to
communicate with different types of network platforms. Windows NT is a multisession
operating system. NT can run on different types of processors like Intel, Alpha and
PowerPC. NT has also a good support for remote dial-in communication, called RAS
(Remote Access Service).
NT is normally used on top of Ethernet, but it is also possible to use in Token Ring.

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Ch. 3 - PC networks

The LAN Server was in the beginning, a product developed by IBM and Microsoft. After a
time Microsoft left this project but IBM developed it further and called it IBM LAN Server.
IBM chose to run OS/2 on a dedicated server. IBM LAN Server supports DOS and
Windows based clients. The supported transport protocols are NetBEUI and TCP/IP. This
gives the LAN Server the opportunity to be used in mixed environments. The IBM LAN
Server is not as common as NetWare or NT.

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Ch. 3 - PC networks

The two largest competitors on the NOS market are Novell with its NetWare and Microsoft
with Windows NT. Microsoft is taking more and more of the NOS market and growing very
fast.

Microsoft solutions are a little bit cheaper than the solutions from Novell. But the real
advantage is that Windows NT supports different processors and many protocols.