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Abstract: With the rapid development of clean energy, Pumped storage power station
construction in China has entered a rapid development period. Pumped Storage Power
Unit bear the load in power grid, frequency modulation, phase modulation, and
emergency and absorb excess electricity etc, is the most important node in the current
power grid energy storage and power regulation. Because of the particularity and
importance of this kind of power station, more and more attention has been paid to the
reliability and economy of power plant operation, and the unit maintenance strategy is
one of the important topics in the research field.
In this paper, the weibull distribution theory is used to evaluate the reliability of
the equipmentand An algorithm for calculating the planned maintenance period of
pumped storage units based on the maximum availability rate and minimum
maintenance cost is proposed. Based on this algorithm, the reliability and
maintenance strategy optimization analysis platform of pumped storage unit is
developed by using MATLAB software. Based on the data of a large pumped storage
power station in China, a practical example is analyzed and calculated, and the
conclusion is drawn.
1. Introduction
Generator unit is the key equipment of electric power system. The reliability and
economy of the generator unit have a great influence on the safe and economical
operation of the whole electric power system and the development of the national
economy. The schedule maintenance is the key to improve the reliability of unit
operation and prolong the service life of the unit. The schedule maintenances purpose
is periodically preventive maintenance of the generator unit, so that the equipment can
keep good technical condition, to reduce the failure and prolong the service life, so as
to improve the power system reliability and economy[1].
2. Model and algorithm design
2.1 Reliability index
In the long time of operation and maintenance of power equipment, the
engineering technical personnel can analyse and judge the frequency of equipment
failure statistics using the method of mathematical statistics to assess the reliability of
equipment.
2.1.1 The Weibull distribution model
Weibull distribution is a mathematical model which is porposed by Swedish
Weibull physicist. It is fitting ability very strong for kinds of generator units of the
reliability data. It is widely used as a reliability mathematical model used in reliability
engineering technology. The application of Weibull distribution in the power plant has
a precedent[2][3]. Two parameter Weibull distributions with parameters changes may
represent various of failure rate with time change[4], so the two parameter Weibull
distribution are used to analyze reliability of pumped-storage power station
equipments. It is assumed that there is a vulnerable component in the generator unit,
and the reliability index of the component is expressed by function.
t
R t exp t 0 1
The Failure distribution function of the Weibull distribution F t is:
t
F t 1 R t 1 exp t 0 2
ln ln R t ln t ln 4
Set:
x ln t y ln[ ln R t ]
A B ln
Then formula (4) can be changed into:
Y AX B 5
For the Linear regression equation (5), the least squares solution to the regression
coefficients of A and B are as follows:
n
xi yi nxy
A n i 1
6
xi 2 nx 2
i 1
B y Ax
1 n 1 n
In formula x i
n i 1
x y yi
n i 1
i 0.3
Fn ti 7
n 0.4
In formulaI is the sequence number of the failed device; n is the total capacity
of the sample.
The literature [6] points out that the mean rank method is an effective method to
improve the accuracy of the cumulative distribution function. Average rank time
method calculation formula such as (8) ~ (11):
n 1 Ak 1
Ak 8
n i 2
Ak Ak 1 Ak 9
Ak 0.3
F tk 10
n 0.4
R tk 1 F tk 11
In formulaAk is the average rank of the fault sample; k is the sequence number
of fault samples; Ak-1 is the average rank of a previous fault sample; Ak is average
rank increment; i is the chronological order of all samples. tk is the running time
before the first fault of the i sample. In the case of known fault data,a set of
reliability index can be calculatedthen the least square method can be used to fit the
regression line.At last, the scale parameter and shape parameter of the
Weibull distribution model can be obtained.
2.2 Optimization index model
2.2.1 Establish tradeoff model based on optimized availability rate
Unit availability is an important indicator to measure the reliability of the unit.
We suppose the scheduled maintenance time is Dpm and the Non-scheduled
maintenance time (fault maintenance) is Dcm. The rest of the index model is set up as
follows.
The mean interval between two available moment of the equipment
Interval tf t dt R Dcm F Dpm R (12)
0
In formula, Interval is the average running time of equipment since the last
maintenance was completed and put into operation to this time completed and put into
operation. is planned maintenance cycle, R(t) is the reliability function of the
equipment, F t is the Failure distribution function of the equipment, f t is the
Eup is the running time of the equipment since the last maintenance was
completed and put into operation to the maintenance of this time.
Equipment availability Ava
Ava
Eup
tf t dt R
0
Interval
tf t dt R D
0 cm F D pm R
(14)
In formula, Interval is the average running time of equipment since the last
maintenance was completed and put into operation to this time completed and put into
operation. is planned maintenance cycle, R(t) is the reliability function of the
P C cm F C pm R (16)
This value is the average cost of preventive maintenance and fault maintenance
during the operation of equipment.
Average operating cost of equipment C
P
C (17)
Interval
The value of the maintenance cost is allocated to each operating day, the daily
operating costs.
2.3 Maintenance strategy optimization algorithm flow
The principle of Pumped-storage power station equipment maintenance strategy
optimization is based on reliability and optimization index model.The purpose is to
get the optimal maintenance strategy through calculation with the equipment failure
statistical data,maintenance time data and maintenance cost data etc.
Calculation is divided into three steps:
To build reliability related functions1The failure density function f(t)2
The Failure distribution function of the Weibull distribution F(t)3The reliability
functionR(t).
The optimization objective is calculated with the maximum available rate.
Known the equipment failure density function f (t) and preventive maintenance and
fault repair time,When the Ava take the maximum value in formula (14),the cycleis
the optimal preventive maintenance cycle.
The optimization objective is calculated with the the minimum maintenance
cost. Known the equipment failure density function f (t) and preventive maintenance
and fault repair time, When the C take the minimum value in formula (17),the cycle
is the optimal preventive maintenance cycle.
3. Case Analysis
3.1 Establish reliability function
Taking the field failure data of a certain equipment in the Pumped-storage power
station as an example, the construction process of the equipment reliability function is
illustrated. Choose 30 sets of the same model the equipment, under the same
operation level and the same conditions, record their first time of the failure of
operation. Among them, 9 equipments quit running due to failure .The equipments
failure time (days) as shown in the third column in table 1.Another 21 equipments
quit running without failure. As shown in table 1 in the fifth column and the sixth
column,The average rank and The failure distribution function value of the fault
equipment are calculated by using the mean rank method through Formula 8 to 11.
Taking the failure equipment of the sequence 3 in Table 1 as an example, the value of
failure distribution function is determined as follows.
n 1 A2
A3 A2 A3 A2
ni2
30 1 2
2 3
30 3 2
A3 0.3
F t3 0.0888
30 0.4
Tab 1 Average Rank Method to Calculate the Reliability Index of the Equipment
i k tk Ak Ak F tk R tk x Ln tk y ln ln R tk
1 1 1065 1 1 0.023 0.977 6.9707 -3.7595
2 2 1327 1 2 0.0559 0.9441 7.1907 -2.8552
3 3 1527 1 3 0.0888 0.9112 7.3311 -2.375
4 4 1796 1 4 0.1217 0.8783 7.4933 -2.0419
5 5 1953 1 5 0.1546 0.8454 7.5712 -1.7841
6 6 2069 1 6 0.1875 0.8125 7.6348 -1.572
7 7 2161 1 7 0.2204 0.7796 7.6783 -1.3904
8 8 2317 1 8 0.2533 0.7467 7.7480 -1.2307
9 9 2526 1 9 0.2862 0.7138 7.8344 -1.0873
The calculated values of other Equipment are shown in Tab 1. In Tab 1, the
values of x and y are calculated as the coordinates of discrete points. The coordinate
values plug in equation (6) can get the regression coefficient A 3.0594
C 1095 0.023
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