Eubacteria

Eubacteria, known as "true bacteria,"

are prokaryotic (lacking nucleus)
cells that are very common in human
daily life, encounter many more times
than the archaebacteria. Eubacteria
can be found almost everywhere and
kill thousands upon thousands of
people each year, but also serve as
antibiotics producers and food
digesters in our stomachs. We use
Eubacteria to produce drugs, wine,
and cheese.

Eubacteria are characterised by the

following traits:
prokaryotic
lack mitochondrions or chloroplasts
have a rigid cell wall made of
peptidoglycan (rather than cellulose
as found in plant cell walls)
flagella, if present, are made of single filament of the protein flagellin (unlike Eukarya)
a cell membrane composed of a phospholipid bilayer that lacks cholestrol and steroids
no mitosis - mostly asexual reproduction
many eubacteria form spores, resistant to dehydration and most temperatures, when
there is no food and can last up to 50 years.
all eubacteria are either spirilla (spiral shaped), bacilli (rod shaped), or cocci
(spherical).

Eubacteria are
usually divided
into five
phylums:
Spirochetes,
Chlamydias,
Gram-positive
bacteria,
Cyanobacteria
(formerly blue-
green algae),
and
Proteobacteria.
There are many
types of
bacteria, many of which are extremely similar, so you may see other groupings.
Gram-positive bacteria bind a stain known as "Gram's stain" to the peptidoglycan in
their cell walls. Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls and less
peptidoglycan and therefore are unable to bind the stain to their cell walls.

Eubacteria are often divided into categories by their methods of nutrition acquisition:

Mode of Nutrition Energy Source Carbon Source

Photoautotroph Light CO2
Chemoautotroph Inorganic chemicals CO2
Photoheterotroph Light Organic compounds
Chemoheterotroph Organic chemicals Organic compounds

Eubacteria reproduce through a

relatively simple process known
as binary fission, meaning
"division in half." Most DNA
can be contained on a single
chromosome, which can reach
great lengths if stretched out,
and the bacteria duplicate the
information and split into two.
Archaebacteria use the same
process.