Score 50/50

CHECKLIST BIOLOGY PRACTICAL (BIOLOGY A+ DI HATIKU) Paper 3

CHP NO. AIM OF THE EXP+ MAGIC BOX PROCEDURE:

HYPOTHESIS + K1 : Preparation of materials & apparatus
MATERIALS&APPARATUS+ (4K1)
DIAGRAM K2 : Operating fixed variable
K3 : Operating manipulated variable
K4: Operating responding variable
K5 : Precaution (K5)
Page |
4K1, K2, K3, K4, & K5= 3 MARKS 1
RESULT:
3 3.1 STUDYING THE MOVEMENT MV RV CV 1. Soak the visking tubing in water for 5 min to
OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS soften it. (K1)
(2008/
THE PLASMA MEMBRANE CONCRETE Types of Changes in Volume of 2. Tie one end of visking tube to prevent
Q2)
solution Color of glucose solution leakage.(K5)
AIM: 3. Fill visking tube with 15 ml glucose and 15
(glucose solution/ result (15ml)
To study the factor influences the and starch of Benedicts Volume of ml starch by using measuring cylinder and tie
diffusion of substances through a suspension) test starch it. (K1)(K2)(K3)
semi- permeable membrane. suspension (15 4. Observe and record the original color of
HYPOTHESIS: ml) solution inside the visking tube (K4)
The diffusion of molecules through ABSTRACT Size of the Diffusion of 5. Rinse the outer surface of the Visking tube
semi-permeable membrane is based molecules substances with distilled water. (K1)(K5)
in the through a semi- 6. Mixed iodine and distilled water. Observed
on the size of molecules. the color(K1)(K4)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: visking permeable
tube membrane 7. Immersed the visking tube into beaker for 40
Benedicts solution, 1% Starch minutes.(K1)
suspension, Iodine solution, 30% METHODS Use two cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the
8. After 40 minutes, observe and record the
glucose solution, visking tubing and OF types of UE) Volume of
changes in color of solution inside the
cotton tread, test tube, beakers, and HANDLING solution Observe and glucose solution
visking tube and the beaker(K4)(K3)
Bunsen burner (glucose record the to 15ml
9. Carry out the Benedicts test for both solution
DIAGRAM: and starch changes in color /Volume of
inside the visking tube and the beaker(K4)
suspension) of solution starch
inside the suspension 15 Result:
visking tube and ml) by using Con Origi Final Bened
the beaker/ result measuring tents nal Color icts
of Benedicts cylinder Color Test
test Visking
aRV(TECHNI Tube
QUE) Beaker
-

3.2 STUDYING OSMOSIS USING MV RV CV 1. Soak the visking tubing in water for 5 min to
AN OSMOMETER soften it. (K1)
CONCRETE Types of Increase the concentration of
AIM: 2. Tie one end of visking tube to prevent
substances level of sucrose sucrose solution/
leakage.(K5)
To study the substances that can (water and solution in Time taken for
3. Fill visking tube with 30% sucrose solutionby
diffuses through a semi- permeable sucrose) capillary marking the
using measuring cylinder. (K1)(K2)
membrane. every10 minutes level of sucrose
4. Tie the other end of visking tube to the
for 45 minutes solution in
HYPOTHESIS: capillary tube (K1)
capillary tube at
(Distilled)Water can diffuse 10 minutes
5. Rinse the outer surface of the Visking tube
through a semi- permeable with distilled water. (K1)(K5)
intervals for 45
membrane. 6. Clamp the capillary tube vertically to retort
minutes
stand. (K1)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: ABSTRACT Size of the Rate of 7. Immersed the visking tube into beaker
30% sucrose solution, distilled molecule Diffusion of containing the distilled water.(K1)
water, cotton thread, retort stand, substances 8. Mark initial level of sucrose solution (K1)
capillary tube, ruler, marker pen, through a semi- 9. Mark the level of sucrose solution every10
scissors, 250ml beaker, syringe, permeable minutes for 45 minutes (K3)
membrane 10. Measure and record the increase the level of
stopwatch and visking tubing.
METHODS Use two cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the sucrose solution in capillary every10 minutes
DIAGRAM: OF different UE) concentration of for 45 minutes by using ruler.(K4)
HANDLING solutions Measure and sucrose solution
Result:
which are record the to 30% /
distilled increase the Fixed the time
Time The Increase the level of sucrose
water level of sucrose taken for
(inside the solution in marking the (minute) solution in capillary (mmmin-1)
beaker)and capillary level of sucrose 0
30% every10 minutes solution in 10
sucrose for 45 minutes capillary tube at 20
solution in by using ruler. 10 minutes 30
40
 the Visking aRV(TECHNI intervals for 45
tube QUE) minutes by
. Calculate and using stopwatch
record the rate of
diffusion of
substances
through a semi-
permeable
membrane by
using the
formulae:
Page |
The level of 2
sucrose solution
in capillary tube
in 45 minutes
(mm)/time(min)
Unit-(mmmin-1)
3.3 STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MV RV CV 1. Label 4 slides with A, B, C, and D. (K1)
HYPOTONIC. HYPERTONIC 2. Put a drop of 0.15 M sodium chloride on
(2009 CONCRETE Concentrati Number of Time taken to
slide A. (K1) (K2)
/Q1) ANS ISOTONIC SOLUTION on of crenated red immerse the red
3. Cover the slide with coverslip. (K1)
ON ANIMAL CELL sodium blood cells blood cells (10
4. Put one drop of blood (RBC) on the other
AIM: chloride Minute)/
side of slide A. (K2)
To study the effect of different solution One drop of
5. Place the filter paper on the opposite side.
concentrations of sodium chloride blood& sodium
(K1)(K5)
(NaCl) solution on red blood cells within chloride
6. After 10 minutes, count and record the
30 minutes. ABSTRACT - - number of crenated red blood cells. (K4)
HYPOTHESIS: METHODS Using cRV(TECHNIQ Used the same 7. Repeat the steps 1-7 with different
The higher the concentration of sodium OF different UE) duration of time concentrations of sodium chloride solution
chloride solution the higher the number HANDLING concentrati Count and which is 10 which are 0.30 M, 0.45 M and 0.60 M.(K3)
of crenated red blood cells
.MATERIALS&APPARATUS:
ons of
sodium
record the
number of
minutes for
immersion of
Result:
Fresh chicken blood, different Concentration of Number of crenated
chloride crenated red the red blood
concentrations of sodium chloride sodium chloride red blood cells
solution blood cells. cells by using
solution which are 0.15 M, 0.30 M, 0.45 solution (M)
which are the stopwatch.
M and 0.60 M, filter paper, test tube, 0.15 M, (A)0.15
aRV(TECHNI
microscope slide distilled water, light 0.30 M, QUE) (B)0.30
microscope, coverslip. 0.45 M and - (C)0.45
DIAGRAM: 0.60 M (D)0.60

3.4 STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MV RV CV 1. Bore//cut out a potato to get potato strips of
HYPOTONIC. HYPERTONIC the same size and weigh them so as to get
CONCRETE Concentrati Change in mass/ Type of potato,
ANS ISOTONIC SOLUTION potato strips of the same mass(K1)
on of shape of potato volume of
2. Fill4 separate beakers with 20 ml of sucrose
ON PLANT CELLS sucrose tissues. sucrose solution,
solutions of 0.2%, 5.0%, 15.0%, and 25.0%
solution. soaking time,
(K1) (K3)(K2)
AIM: size of potato.
3. Put3 of potato strips of the same weight in
To determine the effect of different each beaker (K1)
concentrations of a solution on the mass/ ABSTRACT - - 4. Leave the potato strips immersed in the
shape of potato. sucrose solution for 1 hour(K2)
METHODS Using cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the same
OF different UE) duration of 5. (After 1 hour) take out the potato strips from
HYPOTHESIS: HANDLING concentrati Measure and soaking time each beaker, dry them using filter paper(K1)
The higher concentration of the sucrose ons of record the which is 60 (K5)
solution, the lower mass of the potato sucrose change in mass minutes for 6. Measure and record the change in mass of
tissue. solution of potato tissues immersion of potato tissues in different concentrations of
which are in different the potato by sucrose solution by using balance/ weighing
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: 0.2%, concentrations of using the scale(K1)(K4)
Potatoes,Various concentrations of 5.0%,15.0 sucrose solution stopwatch./ 7. Repeat steps 1-6 three times to get accurate
sucrose solution,example: 0.2%, 5.0%, %, and by using data (K5)
15.0%, and 25.0%, Filter paper,Cork 25.0% balance/ Use the same 8. Plot a graph of the concentration of sucrose
borer/knife/ suitable cutting tool, weighing scale volume of solution against change in mass of potato
container/beaker, stopwatch, sucrose solution strips
Balance/weighing machine. which is 20 ml 9. Tabulate the data in the table below (K1)
aRV(TECHNI
DIAGRAM: QUE) by using
- measuring
cylinder. Result:
Conce Change in mass of potato
ntratio strips /g
n of
sucros
e
Different concentration of solutio
sucrose solution n (%)
0.2 1st 2nd 3rd Ave
read readi readi rage
 ing ng ng
5.0
15.0
25.0

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3
3.5 DETERMINING THE MV RV CV 1. Weigh the rambutan tissue and record the
CONCENTRATION OF initial mass(K1)(K4)
(2005 CONCRETE Concentrati Change in mass/ Type of plant
2. Fill 4 separate beakers with 100ml sucrose
/Q2) EXTERNAL SOLUTION on of tissue, volume
solutions of 0.1M, 0.2M , 0.4M, 1.0M and
(2006 WHICH IS ISOTONIC TO THE sucrose of solution,
1.5M(K1) (K3)(K2)
CELL SAP OF A PLANT solution. soaking time,
/Q2) 3. Put 3 of plant tissue in each beaker (K1)
CELLS size of potato.
4. Leave the plant tissue immersed in the sucrose
solution for 1 hour(K2)
AIM: ABSTRACT - - 5. (After 1 hour) take out the plant tissue from
to determine the concentration of the METHODS Using cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the same each beaker, dry them using filter paper(K1)
solution which will maintain the mass of OF different UE) duration of (K5)
plant tissues. HANDLING concentrati Measure and soaking time 6. Measure and record the change in mass of
HYPOTHESIS: ons of record the which is 1 hour potato tissues in different concentrations of
The 0.4 M sucrose solution will sucrose change in mass for immersion sucrose solution by using balance/ weighing
maintain the mass of the plant tissue. // solution of plant tissues of the plant by machine.(K1)(K4)
The concentration of sucrose solution which are in different using the 7. Plot a graph of the concentration of sucrose
that remains length/mass of plant tissue 0.1M, 0.2M concentrations of stopwatch./ use solution against change in mass of plant tissue
is isotonic. , 0.4M, sucrose solution the same type of (K4)
1.0M and by using plant tissue Result:
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: 1.5M balance/ which is Conce Change in mass of potato
Plant tissue (Rambutan),Various weighing rambutan tissue ntratio strips /g
concentrations of sucrose machine. Use the same n of
solution,example: 0.1M, 0.2M , 0.4M, volume of sucros
1.0M and 1.5MFilter aRV(TECHNI sucrose solution e
papercontainer/beaker, stopwatch, QUE) which is 20 ml solutio
Balance/weighing machine. - by using n (M)
DIAGRAM: measuring 1st 2nd 3rd Ave
cylinder. read readi readi rage
ing ng ng
0.1
0.2
Peeled rambutan Different 0.4
concentration of
Rambutan sucrose solution 1.0
1.5

4 4.3 STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MV RV CV

TEMPERATURE ON 1. Labelled 8test tubes as A1, A2, B1,B2, C1, C2
(2009/ CONCRETE Temperatur The time taken Volume of
SALIVARY AMYLASE ,D1and D2 (K1)
Q2) e for the blue starch
2. 5 ml of 1% starch suspensions are poured into
ACTIVITY . black colour of suspension
the test tubes A1, B1, C1 and D1 using
iodine to (5ml)
syringes.(K1)(K2)
AIM: disappear (min) Volume of
3. 2 ml of 0.1% amylase is added to test tube
To investigate the effect of temperature A2, B2, C2 and D2(K1)(K2)
on salivary amylase activity. 4. The test tubes are immersed in water bath at
HYPOTHESIS: ABSTRACT - Rate of reaction different temperature for 5 minutes.(K3)
catalysed by
As the temperature increases, the rate of A1 and A2 : 10C ,
reaction catalysed by amylase increases salivary B1 and B2 : 20C,
amylase.
until optimum temperature C1 and C2 : 30C,
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: D1 and D2 : 40C
Salivary Amylase solution, 1% Starch METHODS Use cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the 5. Drops of iodine solution are added separately
Suspension, OF different UE) samevolume of onto the grooves of a white tile using a
Iodine solution, Distilled water, HANDLING temperature Measure and starch syringe.(K1)
Test tubes /beakers* Stopwatch, dropper, s i.e 10C , record the time suspension as 5 6. After 5 minutes, pour starch suspension (A1)
white tiles with grooves, Glass rod 20C, 30C, taken for the ml by using the to amylase solution (A2) (K1)
and 40C blue black measuring 7. Stirred the mixture by using the glass rod (K1)
DIAGRAM:
colour of iodine cylinder. 8. Stopwatch is activated immediately at 0
5ML to disappear by minute.(K5)
A P using a 9. A drop of mixture is tested with iodine
stopwatch solution on the white tile. At every sampling
the dropper must be rinsed with clean distilled
aRV(TECHNI water.(K5)
QUE) 10. The step is repeated every minute for
Calculate and 10 minutes until the mixture stops turning
record the rate blue black in colour when tested with iodine
of reaction solution.
catalysed by 11. Measure and record the time taken for
salivary amylase the blue black colour of iodine to disappear by
by using the using a stopwatch in the table.(K4)
formula : 12. Steps 5-11 are repeated with test tubes
1 / time. B,C, and D.(K3)
13. Tabulate the data in the table
 Result: below(K1)
11. A graph of the rate of amylase activity against
Tempe The time taken for the Rate of enzyme activity temperature is plotted.(K4)
rature blue black colour of (min-1)
(C) iodine to disappear
(Min)
10C
20C
30C
40C Page |
4
4.4 STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MV RV CV
pH ON PEPSIN ACTIVITY 1. Labelled 3test tubes as P,Q, and R(K1)
CONCRETE pH of The conditions Volume of
2. 5 ml of 1% albumin suspensions are poured
medium of the mixtures albumin
into each the test tubes by using the measuring
AIM: (acid- pH3, at the beginning suspension
cylinder.(K1)(K2)
To investigate the effect of pH on pepsin neutral- and after 20 (5ml),volume
3. Add the following solution into each test
activity. pH7, and minutes/ the (1ml) and (1%)
tube:.(K1)(K3)
HYPOTHESIS: alkaline- clarity of the concentration of
P : 1 ml of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid+ 1 ml of
An acidic medium at pH 3 is optimum pH8) solution pepsin solution
1% pepsin solution ,
for the activity of enzyme. and temperature
Q : 1 ml of distilled water + 1 ml of 1%
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: of medium
pepsin solution ,
Albumin suspension, 1% pepsin, (37C)
R: 1 ml of 0.1 M of sodium hydroxide + 1 ml
0.1M,hydrochloric acid, 0.1 Msodium ABSTRACT - Rate of reaction of 1%pepsin solution ,
hydroxide solution and distilled water., catalysed by 4. Dip a piece of pH paper into each test .(K1)
Test tubes, beakers, thermometer, 5ml pepsin./ Pepsin 5. The test tubes are immersed in water bath at
syringes, pH paper ,a wire gauze activity 37C temperature for 20 minutes.(K2)
Stopwatch, dropper, a Bunsen burner, a 6. Observe and record the conditions of the
tripod and a test- tube rack. METHODS Use cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the same mixtures at the beginning and after 20 minutes
DIAGRAM: OF different UE) volume of (K4)
HANDLING pH of Observe and albumin 7. Calculate and record the rate of reaction
medium record the suspension as 5 catalysed by pepsin by using the formula
i.e(acid, conditions of the ml by using the 1 / time.
neutral, and mixtures at the measuring
alkaline) beginning and cylinder.
after 20 minutes Result:
aRV(TECHNI Tes pH Mixture Rate of
QUE) t At the After reaction
Calculate and tub beginni 20 catalyzed
record the rate e ng minut by pepsin
of reaction es (min-1).
catalysed by P 3
pepsin by using Q 7
the formula R 8
1 / time.

4.5 STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MV RV CV

SUBSTRATE 1. Labelled12test tubes as A1, A2, B1,B2, C1,
CONCRETE Concentrati The time taken Temperature
CONCENTRATION ON C2 ,D1, D2, E1, E2, F1 and F2 (K1)
on of for the blue (37C)
2. 5 ml various concentration of starch
SALIVARY AMYLASE starch black colour of volume (2ml)
suspensions are poured into the following test
ACTIVITY suspension iodine to and (0.1%)
tubes by using syringes.(K1)(K3)
(2006/Q1- EFFECT OF (0.1%,0.2% disappear (min) concentration of
A1: 0.1% starch suspension ,
,0.3%,0.4% salivary amylase
CONCENTRATION OF B1: 0.2% starch suspension,
, 0.5% and solution
ALBUMIN SUSPENSION ON 0.6%)
C1: 0.3% starch suspension,
THE RATE OF REACTION OF D1: 0.4% starch suspension,
ABSTRACT - Rate of reaction
PEPSIN ENZYME) E1: 0.5% starch suspension,
catalysed by F1: 0.6% starch suspension,
AIM: salivary 3. 2 ml of 0.1% amylase is added to test tube
To investigate the effect of substrate amylase. A2,B2,C2 ,D2,E2,and F2 (K1)(K2)
concentration on salivary amylase 4. The test tubes are immersed in water bath at
activity. METHODS Use cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the temperature 37C for 5 minutes.(K1)(K2)
HYPOTHESIS: OF differentcon UE) samevolume of 5. Drops of iodine solution are added separately
The higher the concentration of HANDLING centration Measure and salivary amylase onto the grooves of a white tile using a
substrate, the higher the rate of reaction of starch record the time as 2 ml by using syringe.(K1)
catalysed by salivary amylase until it suspension taken for the the measuring 6. After 5 minutes, pour starch suspension (A1)
reaches the maximum rate. (0.1%,0.2% blue black cylinder. to amylase solution (A2) (K1)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: ,0.3%,0.4% colour of iodine 7. Stirred the mixture by using the glass rod (K1)
0.1% Salivary Amylase solution, , 0.5% and to disappear by 8. Stopwatch is activated immediately (0
different concentration of starch 0.6%) using a minute).(K5)
suspension stopwatch 9. A drop of mixture is tested with iodine
(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6%) solution on the white tile. At every sampling
Iodine solution, Distilled water, aRV(TECHNI the dropper must be rinsed with clean distilled
Test tubes /beakers* Stopwatch, dropper, QUE) water.(K5)
white tiles with grooves, Glass rod Calculate and 10. The step is repeated every minutes for 10
DIAGRAM: record the rate minutes until the mixture stops turning blue
of black in colour when tested with iodine
5ML reactioncatalyse
A P d by salivary 11.
solution.
Measure and record the time taken for
amylase by the blue black colour of iodine to disappear by
using the using a stopwatch in the table.(K4)(K1)
formula 12. Steps 5-11 are repeated with test tubes
1 / time. B,C, D, E and F.(K3)
11. A graph of the rate of amylase activity against
substrate concentration is plotted.(K4)
 Result:
Conce The time taken for the Rate of enzyme activity
ntratio blue black colour of (min-1)
n of iodine to disappear
starch (min)
suspen
sion
(%)
0.1%,
0.2%
Page |
0.3% 5
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
6 6.1 DETERMINING THE ENERGY MV RV CV
(SPM VALUE IN FOOD SAMPLES CONCRETE Food changes of water Distance 1. Weigh the peanut and record its
2005/ AIM: sample temperature/ between the weight(K1)
Q1) To determine and compare the energy (white highest water boiling tube and 2. Fill the boiling tube with 20 ml
content in white bread and peanuts. bread and temperature/ food samples of distilled water(K1)
HYPOTHESIS: peanut) (2cm) 3. Clamp the boiling tube to the
Peanut produces a lot of heat energy retort stand.(K1)
whereas/but, white bread produces a ABSTRACT - energy content in 4. Record the initial temperature
little heat energy//Peanut produces a food samples
higher increasing in temperature/ energy
of the water in the boiling tube.
METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the
value than white bread. OF different UE) distance 5. Spike the peanut firmly at the
HANDLING type of Measure and between the end of the pin which is
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: food record the boiling tube and mounted on some plasticine.
Distilled water, a peanut, sample highest water food sample 6. Fixed the distance of the
bread,plasticine, and cotton wool. which are temperature by which is 2cm by boiling tube to the food samples
Boiling tube, thermometer, retort stand, white bread using the using the ruler to 5mm by using a ruler(K2)
a pin, measuring cylinder, Bunsen and peanut thermometer
burner and electronic balance.
7. Ignite the peanut by holding it
aRV(TECHNI
QUE) in the flame of a Bunsen burner.
DIAGRAM: calculate and Then immediately place it
record the beneath the boiling tube to heat
energy content in the water.(K5)
food samples by 8. Stir the water gently with the
using the thermometer.(K1)(K5)
formulae below: 9. Record the final temperature,
Energy value =
Mass of that is the highest temperature
Water(g) X reached as soon as the peanut
(4.2Jg -1C-1) X has stopped burning.(K4)
increase in 10. Calculate the energy value of
Temperature(C) the peanut using the formulae
below(K4)
Mass of food
(g)1000
11.Energy value = Mass of
Unit (kJg-1)
Water(g) X (4.2Jg -1C-1) X
increase in
Temperature(C)
(Mass of food (g)1000)
12. The data collected is recorded
in a table.
13. Repeat the steps 1-11 with the
cashew nut(K3)

Table:

DETERMINING THE MV RV CV
VITAMIN C IN VARIOUS 1. Filled the specimen tubes with 1 ml of DCPIP
CONCRETE type of fruit The volume of Volume/concent
FRUIT JUICE solution (K1)(K2)
(apple, fruit juices that ration of DCPIP
2. Use a syringe to take 5 ml of 0.1% absorbic
AIM: orange, and decolourised the
acid (K1)
To investigate the percentage of vitamin watermelon DCPIP solution
3. Place the syringe needle into DCPIP solution
C content in each fruit )
and release the absorbic acid drop by drop
HYPOTHESIS: ABSTRACT - percentage of into the DCPIP solution in specimen tube (K5)
Watermelon has highest percentage of vitamin C 4. Observe the change of DCPIP colour and stop
vitamin C compare to orange and water METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the releasing the absorbic acid when the DCPIP
melon OF different UE) Volume of solution turn colourless/no more blue traces
HANDLING type of fruit Measure and DCPIP used to 1 (K4)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: sample record the ml. 5. Measure and record the volume of absorbic
DCPIP Solution, 0.1% absorbic acid which are volume of fruit acid used to decolourised the DCPIP solution
Fruit juices; Apple, orange and water apple, juices that (K4)
melon, Syringe 1 ml with needle, orange, and decolourised the 6. Juices from each of the fruit juice is obtained
Syringe 5 ml with needle, Specimen watermelon DCPIP solution and keep it fresh before used.(K5)
tubes by using the 7. Repeat the step 2-7 by using fruit juices;
DIAGRAM: syringe Apple, orange and water melon, to replace
the 0.1% absorbic acid (K3)
8. Do not shake the bottle to prevent from
 aRV(TECHNI DCPIP solution is oxidized (K5)
QUE) 9. Calculate the percentage of vitamin C in each
Calculate and of the fruit juices using the formula given
record the below:
percentage of Percentage of vitamin C in fruit juice =
vitamin C Volume of 0.1 % absorbic acid/volume of fruit
content using juice x 0.1%
formula : 10. Tabulate the data in the table below
(K1)
Percentage of
vitamin C
Result: Page |
Type of Volume of juices Percent
juices that need to be age of 6
Volume of 0.1 %
absorbic colorized the Vit C
acid/volume of DCPIP solution (%)
fruit juice x (cm3)
0.1% Absorb
ic acid
Apple
juice
Orange
juice
Waterm
elon
6 6.11 INVESTIGATING THE MV RV CV
EFFECT OF LIGHT 1. The apparatus setup as diagram above. (K1)
(Mela CONCRETE Distance of Number of gas Temperature of
INTENSITY ON THE RATE OF 2. The temperature of water in beaker is
ka Hydllra sp. bubbles that are the water
maintained at 28oC. (K2)
2007) PHOTOSYNTHESIS to sources release in 1 (28C),
3. A few strands of Hydrilla sp. is chosen and
of light. minute.
AIM:
To study the effect of light intensity on
/Concentration the stem end is cut obliquely with a sharp
of carbon razor blade under water. (K1)(K5)
the rate of photosynthesis. 4. The strands of Hydrilla sp. is placed inside
dioxide
PROBLEM STATEMENT: a glass filter funnel.(K1)
Does light intensity affect the rate of 5. The funnel is placed upside down in a 500
photosynthesis? ABSTRACT light Rate of -
intensity photosynthesis ml beaker.(K1)
HYPOTHESIS: 6. The beaker is filled with 400 ml of 1%
METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the
As/When the light intensity increases the sodium bicarbonate.(K2)
OF different UE) concentration of
rate of photosynthesis also increases 7. The beaker is placed at a distance of 50 cm
HANDLING distance of Count and carbon dioxide
until the rate becomes constant from the 60 W bulb as a light source.(K3)
Hydllrasp. record the to 1%.
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: 8. The number of gas bubbles released in one
to sources number of gas
Hydrilla plant, 1 % sodium hydrogen minute are counted and recorded in a table.
of light bubbles that are
bicarbonate, plasticine, (K4) . This step is repeated twice.(K5)
which are release in 1
60 W electric bulb, 500 ml beaker, a 9. Step 7 is repeated by placing the apparatus at
50 cm, minute.
glass funnel, test tube, stop watch, razor distance 40 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm and 10 cm
40cm, by using a
blade, thermometer, meter ruler from the light sources.(K3)
30cm, stopwatch.
DIAGRAM: 20cm, and aRV(TECHNI 10.The results are recorded in a table(K1)
10cm QUE) 11. The graph of the rate of photosynthesis
Calculate and against the light source is plotted. (K1)
record the rate Result:
of Distance of No of gas The rate of
photosynthesis light bubble photosynthe
by using the sources. released sis
formulae: (cm) (min-1)
no. of bubble 50
released / time
(min-1) 40
30
20
10

6 6.11 INVESTIGATING THE MV RV CV

EFFECT OF CARBON K1- How to set up the apparatus
CONCRETE Concentrati Number of gas Temperature of
DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION Choose 10 cm length of fresh
on of bubbles that are the water
Hydrilla sp.
ON THE RATE OF carbon release in 1
PHOTOSYNTHESIS dioxide minute. /
(28C), Light The strands of Hydrilla sp. is
intensity placed inside a boiling tube
AIM: Clip the tip with a paper clip and put
To study the effect of carbon dioxide it in the boiling with the clip down
concentration on the rate of ABSTRACT - rate of -
photosynthesis The graph of the rate of
photosynthesis. photosynthesis against the carbon
PROBLEM STATEMENT: METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the
OF different UE) distance of dioxide concentration is plotted
Does of carbon dioxide concentration K2- How to operate the constant variable
affect the rate of photosynthesis? HANDLING Concentrati Count and Hydllra sp. to
on of record the sources of light Pour 40 ml of 1% sodium
HYPOTHESIS: bicarbonate solution into the boiling
As/When the concentration of carbon carbon number of gas to 10 cm by
dioxide bubbles that are using the ruler. tube.
dioxide increases the rate of Place the apparatus at a fix distant
photosynthesis also increases until the which are release in 1
0.2%, minute by using from a light source which is 10 cm
rate becomes constant K4 How to operate the responding variable
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: a stopwatch.
Count and record the number of
Hydrilla plant, different concentration of
bubbles released in 5 minutes
sodium hydrogen bicarbonate (0.2%,
The rate of photosynthesis is
0.4%, 0.6% and 1%), plasticine,
calculated by using the formulae:
60 W electric bulb, 500 ml beaker, a
(number of bubbles/time)
boiling tube, stop watch, razor blade,
K3 How to operate the manipulated
thermometer, meter ruler
variable
DIAGRAM:
 0.4%, 0.6% aRV(TECHNI Repeat K1 to K4 using different
and 1% QUE) percentage of sodium bicarbonate
calculate and solution which are 0.2%, 0.4%,
record the rate 0.6%
of K5 - Precaution
photosynthesis Place the boiling tube in a beaker of
by using the water to maintain the temperature
formulae:
no. of bubble
Result:
released /
time(min -1) Concentrati No of gas The rate of
Page |
on of
carbon
bubble
released in
photosynthe
sis (min-1)
7
dioxide (%) one minute
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.2

7 7.1 STUDYING THE PROCESS OF MV RV CV

AEROBIC RESPIRATION 1. Label two boiling tubes with A and B(K1)
CONCRETE Presence of Height of Temperature of
AIM: 2. Fill boiling tubes with equal amounts of
cockroach coloured liquid. the water bath
To study the process of aerobic soda lime.(K1)(K2)
(37C), /amount
3. A wire gauze is placed in the boiling tube A
respiration of soda lime.
and a cockroach is put on it and without a
HYPOTHESIS: cockroach in boiling tube B.(K1)(K3)
The aerobic respiration produces carbon
ABSTRACT - Process of - 4. Close the screw clips. Make sure the
dioxide to increase the height of apparatus is airtight by sealing the stoppers
aerobic
coloured liquid.
respiration with Vaseline(K1)(K5)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: 5. Mark the initial height of the coloured liquid
METHODS Change the cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the
Water, coloured liquid, a cockroach and
OF boiling tube UE) temperature of in the capillary tubes of both boiling tubes.
soda lime, boiling tube, 500ml beaker, (K1)
HANDLING with the Measure and the water bath
250ml beaker, capillary tube, screw
presence of record the height which is 37C 6. Put both boiling tube in the water bath with
clips, and a wire gauze. the temperature maintain at 37C (K2)(K1)
cockroach of coloured by using a
DIAGRAM: and without liquid by using a thermometer 7. Measure and record the height of the
cockroach ruler. coloured liquid in both capillary tube after
aRV(TECHNI an hour.(K1)(K4).
QUE)
Result:
Capillary tube Increase height of
coloured liquid
(cm)
A
B

7 7.2 INVESTIGATING THE MV RV CV

PROCESS OF ANAEROBIC 1. Heat the glucose solution in beaker.(K1)(K5)
CONCRETE Presence of Changes in Temperature of
RESPIRATION IN YEAST 2. Label two boiling tubes with A and B(K1)
yeast limewater and the water bath
3. Fill boiling tubes A with 5 ml of yeast
AIM: temperature (37C), /volume
suspension and add 15 ml of glucose
To investigate the process of anaerobic of glucose
solution.(K1)(K2)
respiration in yeast solution( 15 ml),
4. Fill the boiling tube B with the 15 ml of
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Volume of lime
glucose solution only(K3)
HYPOTHESIS: water(2ml)
5. Add a thin layer of paraffin oil to both
In the absence of oxygen,yeast ABSTRACT - process of - boiling tubes.(K1)(K3)
undergo anaerobic respiration to aerobic 6. Connect the stoppers with delivery tubes to
produce carbon dioxide , ethanol and respiration their respective test tubes.(K1) (K5)
energy. METHODS Change the cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the 7. Fill 2 test tubes with 2 ml lime water. Place
OF boiling tube UE) temperature of each end of delivery tubes into the
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: HANDLING with the Measure and the water bath respective test tubes.(K1)(K2)
5% yeast suspension, 5% glucose presence of record the which is 37C 8. Record the initial temperature and lime
solution, paraffin oil and lime water, yeast and changes in by using a water.(K1)(K4)
boiling tube, test tubes, thermometer, without the temperature by thermometer 9. Leave the set up for 1 hour in the water bath
stoppers with delivery tubes, measuring present of using Fixed the at temperature 37C
cylinders and a beaker, yeast thermometer./ volume of 10.After 1 hour Measure and record the
Observe and glucose solution changes in temperature by using a
DIAGRAM: record the to 15 ml,/ thermometer.
changes in lime Volume of lime 11. Observe and record the changes in lime
water. water to 2ml water.(K4)
aRV(TECHNI 12.Remove the stoppers and smell the gas that
QUE) comes out from the boiling tubes.(K4)
-

Result :
Boiling A B
tube At the At the At the At the
beginning end beginning end
Temperat
ure (C)
Lime
water
Smell
 Percentage of O2 = _(y z)_cm x 100%

x cm

x = length of air column of inhaled/exhaled air

7 7.2 INVESTIGATING THE MV RV CV

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN y = length of air column upon adding porassium 1. Turn the screw of the J-tube until the
(SLG CONCRETE -the length of air -The initial
THE INHALED AND end(K1)
R 07) column occupied length of air
2. Dip the end of the J-tube in water. Draw into
EXHALED AIR IN TERMS OF by oxygen in column//(Same)
the tube about 5 cm of water.(K1)
OXYGEN AND CARBON inhaled/exhaled student
3. Remove the J-tube from the water.
DIOXIDE CONTENTS air //J-tube /
AIM: - the length of Diameter of J-
Draw /Fix the length of air column to be 10
cm
Page |
air column tube//Concentrat
To determine the oxygen and carbon
occupied by ion of KOH//
(inhaled air).(K1)(K2) 8
dioxide content in inhaled and exhaled 4. Dip the open end of J-tube into the water
carbon dioxide //Temperature//
air again. Draw in a little more water (to seal
in //Time to collect
PROBLEM STATEMENT: the air column).(K1)
inhaled/exhaled air sample//Air
Does inhaled air contain more oxygen 5. Adjust the screw so that the air column is in
air sample
and less carbon dioxide than exhaled the middle of the J-tube.(K5)
ABSTRACT Inhaled air percentage/quant -
air? 6. Immerse the J-tube into water bath for 2
and exhaled ity of oxygen minutes, to stabilize the temperature of air
air and carbon
HYPOTHESIS: dioxide iinhaled
sample. (K5)
-Inhaled air contains more oxygen and 7. Measure the length of the air column using a
and exhaled air
less carbon dioxide than exhaled air // ruler. Record the measurement as x cm.(K4)
METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fix the length 8. Expel some of the water in the J-tube
-Inhaled air contains more carbon
OF different UE) of air column leaving about 2-3 mm from the end of the
dioxide and less oxygen than exhaled air
HANDLING sample of - measure and to be 10 cm// tube.(K1)
-Exhaled air contains more carbon
Inhaled air record the length Same student/ 9. Dip the open end of the J-tube into the
dioxide and less oxygen than inhaled air
and exhaled of air column Fixa student potassium hydroxide and draw in about 2 3
-Exhaled air contains more oxygen and
air. occupied by carry out all cm of the solution. (Potassium hydroxide
less carbon dioxide than inhaled air.
oxygen in activities// absorbs carbon dioxide from the air
inhaled/exhaled Fix/Use a same column).(K1)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS:
air using a ruler J-tube / Fix 10.Remove the tube from the solution and
Potassium hydroxide solution,
same diameter move the air column to and fro several
Potassium pyrogallate solution
- measure and of J-tube times. (K1)
,Water, J-tube, Ruler, Beaker , Boiling
record the length Fix the 11. Repeat step 6 and 7. Record the length of air
tube , Basin / water bath, Rubber tubings
of air column concentration of column as y cm.(K4 )(K5)
DIAGRAM: occupied by KOH// 12.Expel the potassium hydroxide solution
carbon dioxide leaving about 2-3 mm from the end of the
in Fixthe same/ tube.(K1)
inhaled/exhaled room 13.Repeat step 9 using potassium pyrogallate
air using a ruler temperature// solution. (Potassium pyrogallate absorbs
aRV(TECHNI oxygen from the air column).(K4)
QUE) Air sample 14.Repeat step 6 and 7. Record the length of the
refer to collected air column as z cm.(K5)(K5)
sentences below immediately// 15.Based on the results, calculate the
percentage of carbon dioxide and oxygen in
Air sample is the sample of inhaled air column.(K1)
collected from 16.Repeat steps 1 17 using a sample of
the same exhaled air.(K3)
student/ Fix the 17.Compare the percentages of carbon dioxide
same student to in inhaled and exhaled air.(K1)
collect air 18 Compare the percentages of oxygen in
sample inhaled and exhaled air.(K1)
-calculate and record percentage of carbon dioxide content in inhaled /
exhaled air using the formulae:

Percentage of CO2 = _(x y)_cm x 100%

x cm

x = length of air column of inhaled / exhaled air

y = length of air column upon adding porassium hydroxide

calculate and record percentage of oxygen content in inhaled / exhaled
air using the formula :

8 8.5 ESTIMATING THE MV RV CV 1. School field was chosen as the field study.
POPULATION SIZE OF PLANT CONCRETE Type of The area of each Quadrat size// (K1)
BY USING THE QUADRAT plant type of species research area 2. Quadrats of size 1m x 1m was used.
species// (K2)(K1)
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 3. Two plants species / species A and B was
AIM: species A
and B// two identified.(K1) (K3)
To estimate/ determine / study the 4. The quadrats were thrown at random in the
population size // percentage coverage of example
of plant school field (K1)
plant from species A and B using the 5. The area of (coverage) each plant species/
quadrat sampling technique. species.
species A and species B was counted. (K4)
 PROBLEM STATEMENT: ABSTRACT - Population size // - 6. The number of individual plant species in
1. What is the percentage coverage / percentage each quadrat was counted.(K4)
population size / density of plant from coverage of 7. If more than half of the squares in the
species A and B in the school field? plants // quadrat is covered, the area of plant species
2 Does the type of plant species affects Density of will be counted . The area is not counted if
the percentage coverage / population species only less than half is covered.(K5)
size / density of the plants ? 8. Steps 5 to 7 was repeated for nine quadrats.
3. Which type of the plant species/ METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the size of (K1)
species A or B has the highest OF different UE) quadrat to 9. The area covered by plant species / species A
percentage coverage/ population size? HANDLING plant Measure and 1m1m and species B / number of individual plant
species studied in each quadrat were
Page |
species record the area
HYPOTHESIS: which are of each type of
10.
recorded and tabulated in a table. (K4)
The percentage coverage / density /
9
1. The percentage coverage// species A species using a
population size of species A plant is and species quadrat 1m x 1m frequency of plant species / species A and
higher than species B in the school B species B were calculated by using this
field. aRV(TECHNI formula: (K4)
2. Different plant species have different QUE)
percentage coverage// population size . Refer to the 11. Percentage coverage of plant species :
3. Plant species A is more dominant sentences below. = Total area covered plant species in all
than species B in this habitat. quadrats X 100%
Method aRV:Calculate and record the percentage coverage of plant //
MATERIALS&APPARATUS species A and B using the formulae: Total number of quadrats X area of a quadrat
Plant species A and B // any 2 plant Total area covered by the species X 100%
spesies Plastic quadrat, marker pen, A4 Number of quadrats X area of one quadrat Frequency of species =
Paper, graph paper. Number of quadrat containing plant species X
DIAGRAM: // Calculate the density of plant species using the formula: 100%
Total number of organisms in all quadrats
Number of quadrats X area of one quadrat Total number of quadrats
Result
12. // Density of plant species =
total number of individual species in all
quadrats

Total number of quadrats X area of a quadrat

8 8.6 ESTIMATING THE MV RV CV 13. Select a suitable location within your school
POPULATION SIZE OF CONCRETE The sizes of - The size of compound with the area 15m15m .(K1)
GARDEN SNAILS USING samples research area (K2)
14. Capture as many garden snails as you can
CAPTURE, MARK, RELEASE from the place.(K1)
AND RECAPTURE ABSTRACT - the garden snail -
15. Count the garden snails that you have
TECHNIQUE populations
captured and mark their shells with a small
METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the size of
AIM: dot of Indian ink. (K4)(K5)
OF different UE) research area to
To estimate the population size of 16. Release them in the same place where you
HANDLING sizes of - 15m15m
garden snails using capture, mark, found them (K1)
samples aRV(TECHNI
release and recapture technique. 17. Go back to the same place after seven days.
which are QUE) Capture once again as many garden snails as
small and calculate and
PROBLEM STATEMENT: you can.
large record the the
What is the effect of different size of 18. Count the total number of garden snails you
sample garden snail
samples on the size of garden snail have captured and note the number of those
population? populations by which had been marked.(K4)
using the 19. Record the data in a table (K1)
formulae: 20. Calculate and record the population size of
HYPOTHESIS: Population size
The larger the size of samples, the more garden snails using the following formula:
=( a b) c
accurate of the snail populations
estimated. Population size =( a b) c
a= The number
of snails a= The number of snails
MATERIALS&APPARATUS in the first capture
in the first
Snails,a paintbrush,a bottle of Indian
ink, a pen and a notebook.
capture b= number of snails
b= number of in the second capture
snails c= no of marked snails in second
DIAGRAM: in the second
capture
capture
13. Repeat the steps 2 to 8 by using the larger
c= no of marked
number of snail sample.(K3)
birds in second
14. Record the data in the table. (K1)
capture.
Result

Size of garden snail

Number of snails population

Sample of Second capture

first capture
Total Marked
number snails

1st
 sample

2nd
sample

Page |
8 8.7 INVESTIGATING THE MV RV CV
(SBP EFFECT OF A CHANGE IN PH CONCRETE Types of The increase in Species of
1. Choose Lemna sp. plants of the same size. 10
(ABIOTIC FACTOR) ON THE (K1)(K2)
09) solution population of Lemna sp. //
2. Choose // take three petri dishes of the same
POPULATION GROWTH used Lemna sp. plant / volume
size.(K1)
RATE OF AN ORGANISM plants. of water /culture
3. Label the petri dishes as A, B and C.(K1)
AIM: solution
4. Pour 5 ml of distilled water into petri dish
To investigate the effect of change in pH concentration of
A, 5 ml of hydrochloric acid into petri dish
value on the population growth rate of nutrients /
B and 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution
Lemna sp. plants. temperature /
into petri dish C. (K1)(K3)
PROBLEM STATEMENT: light intensity//
5. Test the pH value of each solution using pH
1. Does the change in pH value affect time
paper (and record in a table).(K1)
the population growth rate of ABSTRACT Different The population - 6. Pour 5 ml of culture solution / pond water
Lemna sp plants? pH value / growth rate of into each petri dish.(K1)(K2)
2. What is the effect of change in pH pH 2, pH 7 Lemna sp. 7. Put 5 Lemna sp. plants into each petri dish.
value on the population growth rate and pH 14 plants. (K1)
of Lemna sp.? 8. Record in a table.(K1)
3. Which pH value is the most suitable METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the 9. Place the petri dishes on the table / near the
for the increase in population of OF different UE) volume of window in the laboratory.(K2)
Lemna sp.? HANDLING solution Count and culture solution 10.Change the solution in the petri dishes every
tested record the which is 5 ml by day.(K5)
HYPOTHESIS: which are number of using a 11. Count the number of Lemna sp. plants after
1. The pH 7 is the most suitable for the distilled Lemna sp. after measuring 5 days.(K4)
increase in population of Lemna sp. ,hydrochlor 5 days. cylinder. 12.Calculate the population growth rate of
plants compared to pH 2 and pH 14. ic acid and Lemna sp. plants using a formula :(K4)
2. The population growth rate of sodium aRV(TECHNI
Lemna sp. plants is the highest in hydroxide QUE) The population growth rate of Lemna sp.
the pH 7 compared to pH 2 and pH solution Or =Number of Lemna sp/ 5 days
14. Calculate and
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: record the 13.Repeat the experiment / steps 1 until 11 to
Lemnasp. plants, *distilled water / dilute population get the accurate result. (K5)
hydrochloric acid / sodium hydroxide growth rate of 14.Tabulate the data in the table below.(K1)
solution, culture solution / pond water. Lemna sp. by
Beaker // petri dish // container, using a
measuring cylinder, pH paper / meter. formula :
DIAGRAM:
The population
growth rate of
Lemna sp. =
Number of
Lemna sp.

5 days

Result:
Number of Lemna sp. plants The
population
pH value growth rate of
Increase /
Day-1 Day-5 Lemna sp.
Decrease
plants (day-1)

Neutral

Acidic

Alkali

8.11 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE MV RV CV

ON THE ACTIVITY OF YEAST 1. The boiling tubes are labeled A,B,C and
CONCRETE Different Height of the Volume of yeast
D(K1)
temperature coloured liquid suspension
2. The boiling tubes A are filled with 1g dry
AIM: of water in the
yeast+20cm3 of 15% glucose solution
To study the effect of different bath manometer
(K1)(K2)(K3)
temperature on the activity of yeast 3. The apparatus are placed in water bath at
HYPOTHESIS: temperature of 20C. (K1)(K2)
The activity of yeast is optimal at 37C/ ABSTRACT - - 4. Measure and record high of the coloured
METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the liquid after 10 min.(K4)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: 5. Repeat step 1-4 three times to get accurate
OF differentt UE) volume of yeast
dry yeast, 15% glucose solution, reading(K5)
HANDLING temperature Measure and suspension as 1g
distilled water, boiling tube, glass tubes, 6. Repeat steps 1- 5 to boiling tube B, C, and
of water record the height by using
clips, rubber stopper, rubber tubing, D, for the temperature of (37, 40, and 50)C .
bath which of the coloured weighing scale.
retort stands, manometer tubes, strings (K3)
are (20, 37, liquid by using a
and stopwatch, water bath, thermometer. 7. Record in a table.(K1)
ruler
 40 and aRV(TECHNI
DIAGRAM: 50)C QUE)

Page |
Result: 11
Boili Temp Height of the coloured
ng eratu liquid (cm)
tube re of 1st 2nd 3rd
water readi readi readi
bath ng ng ng
(C)
A 20
B 37
C 40
D 50

9 9.2 INVESTIGATING THE LEVEL MV RV CV

OF POLLUTION IN SEVERAL 1. Water samples are collected from P,Q and R
CONCRETE Location of Time taken to Volume of water
SAMPLES OF WATER FROM (K1)
water decolourise sample
2. The reagent bottles are labelled A,B,C. (K1)
DIFFERENT SOURCES methylene blue (100ml) //
3. Measure 100 ml of water sample from P,Q
AIM: solution volume of
and R separately and pour into the reagent
To determine the level of water pollution methylene blue
bottle labelled A,B and C respectively. (K2)
at location P // Q // R solution (1ml)//
(K3)
HYPOTHESIS: concentration of
4. 1 ml of methylene blue solution is added to
The water at location R is more polluted methylene blue
the base of each water sample using a
compared to location P and location Q. solution
syringe.(K2)
/The water at location R is the most ABSTRACT - Level of water - 5. The reagent bottles are closed with the
polluted compared to location P and pollution stoppers immediately.(K1) (K5)
location Q /The methylene blue solution 6. The contents of the bottles cannot be shaken.
took the shortest time to decolourise in METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Fixed the (K5)
sample water R compared to sample OF different UE) volume of 7. All the reagent bottles are kept in a dark
water Q and P. HANDLING water Measure and methylene blue cupboard (K5)
sample record time to solution which 8. The stopwatch is activated.(K1)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: from the decolourise is 1 ml by using 9. The bottles are examined from time to time.
Methylene blue solution (0.1%), water location P, methylene blue a measuring (K1)
samples, stop watch, reagent bottle, Q, and R solution by using cylinder. 10.The time taken for the methylene blue
syringe with needle, measuring cylinder. a stopwatch solution to decolourise / become colourless
DIAGRAM: aRV(TECHNI is recorded for all the water samples.(K4)
QUE) 11. The results are recorded in a table. (K1)
-

Result:

Reage Water Time taken to Level of water

nt sampl decolourise pollution
bottle e methylene (h-1)
blue solution (h)
A P
B Q
C R

10 10.7 SHOWING XYLEM AS A MV RV CV

CONTINUOUS TUBE SYSTEM 1. The root of Balsam plants is washed (K1)
CONCRETE Part of The tissues Type of plant
THAT TRANSPORTS WATER (K2)
plant at stained red with
2. The roots is immersed in eosine solution for
AND MINERALS leave, stem the red color of
30 minutes. (K1)
AIM: and root eosin.
3. When the red eosin solution has penetrated
To show that xylem as a continuous tube into the veins of the leaves, the plant is
can transport water and mineral. ABSTRACT - Part of plants/ - removed. (K5)
PROBLEM STATEMENT: tissue that can 4. Thin sections of the stem are cut with razor
Does Xylem tissues form a continuous transport water blade.(K1)
tube system that transports water and and mineral. 5. A paintbrush is used to transfer a thin cross
minerals from the roots to the shoot? section of the stem onto a drop of water on a
HYPOTHESIS: METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Used the same glass slide.(K1)
Xylem tissues form a continuous tube OF different UE) type of plant 6. The section is covered with a cover slip and
system that transports water and HANDLING part of Observe and which is the examined under a microscope.(K1)
minerals from the roots to the shoot.// plant which record the Balsam plant. 7. The tissue which has been stained with the
Xylem tissue can transport water and are at leaf, tissues stained red colour of eosin is identified(K4)
mineral. stem and red with the red 8. Step 4-6 are repeated with the cross section
root color of eosin by of root and leaf.(K3)
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: using a 9. Diagram of cross sections of the root, stem
A balsam plant, eosin solution, beaker, microscope. and leaf under low power is drawn and
razor blade, microscope slides, cover aRV(TECHNI indicated the part stained red.(K4)
slips, a microscope, forceps, a white tile,
petri dish and a paintbrush.
QUE)
-
Result:
 DIAGRAM: Part of plant Cross section of
plant

Leaf
Stem
Root

Page |
10 10.3 CARRYING OUT BARK MV RV CV
1. Two tree stems of hibiscus plant are choosen
12
RINGING TO SHOW THE CONCRETE A stem that The condition Conditions of
ROLE OF PHLOEM IN THE and labelled A and B.(K1) (K2)
is ringed above and below environment,
2. A knife is used to remove a complete ring of
CONTINUOUS TRANSPORT and a stem the ring after one type of plant,
bark from a tree stem A. (K1)
OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. that is not month time of the
3. Vaseline is applied on the exposed tissue.
AIM: ringed // The diameters experiment
(K1)(K5)
To show the role of phloem in the of the stems
4. Draw the condition of stem ./Measure and
continuous transport of organic above and below
record initial diameters of the stems above
substances. the ring after one
and below the ring by using a measuring
PROBLEM STATEMENT: month.
tape.(K4)(K1)
1.What is the effect of removing a ring ABSTRACT - Part of plants/ - 5. After one month, the condition of the ringed
of phloem tissue from the stem of a tree? tissue that can stem above and below the ring are observed
2. Does the removing a ring of phloem transport organic and recorded.( K4)(K2)
tissue from the stem of a tree will affect substances. 6. A drawing of the stem condition is
the transportation of organic substances? drawn.Measure and record the diameters of
HYPOTHESIS: METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Used the same the stems above and below the ring after one
The ringed stem shows tissue above the OF different UE) type of plant month by using a measuring tape.(K4)
ring swells, whereas the tissue below HANDLING the stem of Observe/ which is the 7. Repeat step 4, 5 and 6 by using stem B for
the ring tends to wither. hibiscus Measureand Hibiscus plant. not ringed stem.(K3)
plant which record The 8. The condition of the stem is compared to the
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: are ringed condition/ stem that is not ringed.(K4)
and not diameters of the
Sharp knife, Healthy hibiscus
tree,Vaselin and measuring tape. ringed. stems above and Result:
below the ring Types of Diameter Diameter
DIAGRAM:
after one month stem (cm)/ (cm)/
by usinga condition condition
measuring tape. Before one After one
aRV(TECHNI month month
QUE) A/ Ringed
- Stem
B/ Not
Ringed
stem

10 10.8 STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MV RV CV

AIR MOVEMENT ON THE 1. Choose and cut off a leafy shoot from a
CONCRETE State / Time taken for Conditions of
RATE OF TRANSPIRATION hibiscus plant.(K1)(K2)
speed of air air bubble to environment,
2. Immerse the cut end immediately into a
BY USING POTOMETER. movement travel from P to type of plant,
basin of water(K5)
AIM: Q (min)
3. Cut 1cm of the bottom of the stem
To study the effect of air movement on obliquely under water using a sharp razor
the rate of transpiration. ABSTRACT - Rate of - blade.(K1)
PROBLEM STATEMENT: transpiration 4. Measure a distance of 10 cm on the capillary
What are the effect of the state / different METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Used the same tube and mark the point P and point Q
speed of air movement on the rate of OF different UE) type of plant 5. Insert one end of the rubber tube into the
transpiration? HANDLING speed of air Measure and which is the capillary tube fill the tube with water
HYPOTHESIS: movement record the time Hibiscus plant. (K1 )
As the speed of the air movement which are taken for air / Fixed the 6. Insert the other end of the rubber tube
increases, the rate of transpiration speed 1,2 bubble to travel temperature of with the cut end of the stem under
increases/ and 3, 4 from P to Q by surrounding to water(K1)
The rate of transpiration is higher in a and 5 using a 37C by using 7. Set up the leafy shoot and capillary tube in
moving air than in a still air / condition stopwatch the the upright position using retort stand and
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: which are thermometer. clamp with the other end of the capillary
Capillary tube, rubber tube, stop watch, still air and aRV(TECHNI tube immerses in a beaker of water (K1)
ruler, beaker, fan, retort stand with moving air. QUE) 8. Wipe dry the leaves and apparatus using dry
clamp, razor blade, basin, marker, Plant Calculate and cloth
shoot, water, vaseline record the rate of 9. Smear all the joints of the apparatus with
DIAGRAM: transpiration by vaseline to prevent leakage (K5)
using the 10.Place the apparatus under the fan which is
formulae of switched off.
distance 11. Introduce an air bubble into the capillary
travelled divided tube by lifting the end of the capillary tube
by time taken out of the beaker for a short while and then
returned it to the beaker again (K1)
12.Allow the air bubble to move until it reaches
the P mark and activate the stop watch
13.Stop the stop watch when the air bubble
reaches the Q mark
Result: 14.Measure and record the time taken for air
bubble to travel from P to Q by using a
State of Time taken for air bubble to travel from X Rate of stopwatch in the table provided (K4) (K1)
air to Y, (min) transpir 15.Repeat steps 1to 14 to obtain an average
movem ation reading
 ent/Spe min-1 16.Repeat the above steps by switching on the
ed of fan /using different speeds of the fan (speed
the fan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and record the result (K3)
1 1 2 3 Average
K1 : Preparation of specimen and apparatus /
2 potometer (at least 4S to get a tick)
3 S1: Choose a leafy shoot
S2: Cut the stem obliquely
4 S3: Insert the rubber tube into capillary tube
5 S4: Insert the cut stem to the rubber tube Page |
S5: Set up the apparatus in upright position
S6: Introduce the air bubble 13
K3 : Handling the manipulated variable
Fan switch on and fan switch on
K2 : Handling the controlled variable
Choose and cut off a leafy shoot from a hibiscus
plant.
K4 : Handling responding variable /
Collecting and recording data
- activate the stop watch at X
- stop the stop watch at Y
-Measure and record the time taken for air
bubble to travel from P to Q by using a
stopwatch
K5 : Accuracy of the data obtained /
Precaution
- repeat the step and find the average
- smear with vaseline to prevent leakage / wipe
dry the leaves and apparatus

12 12.1 STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MV RV CV

DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF 1. Get four students A, B, C and D that are the
CONCRETE Volume of Volume of urine Environmental
WATER INTAKE TO THE same gender, size and age.(K1)(K2)
drink // produce condition
2. The students are asked to empty their
URINE OUTPUT Quantity of (temperature,
bladders before they start the experiment.
AIM: water humidity) //
(K5)
To study the effect of different quantities intake by Gender, size and
3. Give the student different quantities of water
of water intake / volume of drinks on the students. age of students
that are student A 200 ml of mineral water,
volume of urine output. student B 300 ml of mineral water, student C
PROBLEM STATEMENT: ABSTRACT - 400 ml of mineral water and student D 500
What is the effect of different quantities ml of mineral water to drink.(K1)(K3)
METHODS Used cRV(TECHNIQ Used the same
of water intake on the volume of urine 4. Measure and record the volume of urine
OF different UE) age of the
output ? output of the students within that hour.(K4)
HANDLING volume of Measure and students
HYPOTHESIS: water record the involved which 5. The urine produced is collected in paper
The more water (MV) drunk, the more intake by volume of urine are 17 years old. cups and measured into measuring cylinders.
the volume of urine output (RV) is each produce by using (K1)
formed. student a measuring 6. Record the volume of urine produced by
// The higher the quantity of water intake (such as cylinder each student in table.(K1)
(MV), the more the volume of urine 200ml, aRV(TECHNI
output (RV) is formed. 400ml,600 QUE)
ml and -
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: 1000ml)
Students, paper cups, drinking water,
measuring cylinders.
DIAGRAM: Result:
Volume of water Volume of urine
Student
taken (ml) produced (ml)

A 200

B 400

C 600

D 1000

15 15.1 INVESTIGATING VARIATION MV RV CV

IN HUMANS 7. Ten names of student in th same age were
CONCRETE height and Number of Same class//
AIM: written down in a table (K1) (K2)
types of students / boys same age// same
To investigate the types of 8. The height is measured by using a metre
fingerprints or girls gender // ten
ruler and recorded in a table. (K1) (K4)
variation(MV) among students(RV) in 5 students (based
Jauhari. 9. Th experiment is repeated by investigating
on hypothesis).
th types of fingerprint( K3)
//To study the number of students(RV)
with different height and types of 10.By using a fingerprint pad, placed the
ABSTRACT - Types of - thumbprint on a white papertwice. ( K1)
fingerprints(MV) variation
PROBLEM STATEMENT: 11.By using a hand lens, th type of thumb print
were observed and identify. (K4)
1. Do all the students have the same
types of fingerprints and height / types 12.Steps 2 until 5 were repeated to other
students in th same group. (K3)
of variation?
2. Do different types of fingerprints and 13.Th measurement of height and fingerprint
are repeated twice to get th average. (K5)
height affect the number of students?
14.Two graphs on th number of students
HYPOTHESIS: against th types of variation were plotted.
Different number of students (RV)
show different types of fingerprints METHODS Take the cRV(TECHNIQ Used the same (K1)
and height (MV) / types of variation // OF height and UE) age of the
inversely HANDLING types of Measure and students
MATERIALS&APPARATUS: fingerprints record the height involved which
1) Student - M of the using the meter are 17 years old.
2) Graph paper - M students ruler / count the
3) A4 paper / white number of
paper - M students having
4) tissue paper / cloth - different types of

5)
M
Fingerprint pad - A
fingerprint using
a hand lens
Page |
6)
7)
Hand lens - A
Marker/pen - A
14
aRV(TECHNI
8) Meter ruler / tape - A QUE)
DIAGRAM: -

Result:

Students Types of finger print Height

name whorl Curves Composite loops (m)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10