Cuntish Sdds

Lecture 9:
Enhanced Quadrature Encoder

Pulse Module (eQEP)
ECEN 442:
DSP Based
Electromechanical Motion Control
Spring 2017
Advanced Electric Machines & Power Electronics (EMPE) Lab
Learning Objectives
Incremental Shaft Encoder
Describe physical structure and basic operation principles
Translation of Encoder Pulses into Motion Data
Explain relationship between encoder pulses and shaft motion
eQEP Module
In lab, you will configure the eQEP module for measuring shaft
rotation data from an incremental shaft encoder
Calculate shaft speed using fixed-time and fixed-
distance approaches
2017 Texas A&M University Advanced Electric Machines & Power Electronics (EMPE) Lab 2 / 23
Encoders
An encoder is a relatively expensive position sensor
It is NOT part of the DSP
It is coupled to the motor shaft
It has mechanical and electronic parts
Incremental Encoders
Incremental encoders do NOT generate a code
corresponding to the shaft position
Absolute encoders do
Instead, incremental encoders generate pulses based
on shaft movement
Relative movement of the shaft can be measured by
counting these pulses (edges)
Usually, the act of counting is not done by the encoder
The eQEP module takes care of it
By measuring the time elapsed between pulses, rotor
speed can be calculated
What is an Incremental Quadrature Encoder?
A digital (angular) position sensor
photo sensors spaced /4 deg. apart
slots spaced deg. apart /4
light source (LED)

QEPA
QEPB
shaft rotation
Incremental Optical Encoder Quadrature Output from Photo Sensors

A very basic way to measure position is to count pulses on A or B
Suppose 1000 lines on the disk
Then 250 pulses on A or B indicate a shaft rotation of 90 RELATIVE to
its initial position
The Encoder: Lines
1 line
1 3
2 4
1 line
1 line = 4 quadrature edge or clock events

Counting edges on both A and B results in a 4x the resolution
Incremental Quadrature Encoder
What is the point of using two light sensors?
What does the additional Index Line do?
eQEP Module
The eQEP module is a logic circuit inside the DSP
A peripheral
It facilitates measurement of position and speed with
minimum CPU intervention
It receives the quadrature pulses from the encoder,
and counts them
The eQEP hardware also extracts direction data and
reflects it in the QEPSTS:QDF flag bit
The eQEP decodes the encoded data
eQEP Module
The decoder submodule of the eQEP module generates a
QCLK clock pulse on every edge of the QA and QB signals
Counting the number of edges instead of pulses doubles the
position measurement resolution
Use of two light sensors again doubles the resolution.
If there are 1000 lines on the disk:
The resolution is 4*1000 clock pulses per revolution
That means the smallest detectable shaft movement is
360/4000
Some Encoders have built-in decoders, i.e., they generate
CLK and DIR instead of quadrature signals. eQEP can also
work with such encoders. (The QDECCTL:QSRC should be
set to 1)
Quadrature Clock and Direction Decoding
Decoding Direction
At each QCLK interval, only 1 of the QEP signals changes status
The optical sensors are mounted with a 90 phase shift
Counting the number of edges instead of pulses doubles the position
measurement resolution
If a change of status in both is detected, the QFLG:PHE error flag will
be set and an interrupt may be requested
Delfino eQEP
Has 3 eQEP modules

Each eQEP module has 4 input pins multiplexed with
GPIO pins
Have to configure GPxGMUX and GPxMUX
Recommended to change GPxGMUX while GPxMUX = 0
GPxQSEL should be set to 0 (synchronous operation)
eQEP
Measures position by counting QCLK pulses in the 32-bit eQEP Position
Counter Register (QPOSCNT)
The QPOSCNT increments on a QCLK pulse when the direction signal
(QDIR) is one (forward)
The QPOSCNT decrements on a QCLK pulse when the direction signal
(QDIR) is zero (reverse)
The position counter has 32 bits
Cannot exceed the range [0 , 232-1]
The maximum value of QPOSCNT is imposed by the programmer via
the QPOSMAX register, and its minimum is zero
It wraps around to zero when it overflows (instead of going to QPOSMAX+1)
It jumps to QPOSMAX upon an underflow (instead of going to -1)
It can also be configured to reset to zero upon a Unit Time-Out event via
the QEPCTL:PCRM field
eQEP Main Signals
QPOSMAX=3999 (0xF9F)
Simple Speed Measurement Method
Configure the eQEP module and reset QPOSCNT to 0
Configure one of the CPU or ePWM timers to periodically
request an interrupt
Inside the ISR, read and then reset QPOSCNT
This value indicates the shaft rotation during the timer period
Divide the movement by the timer period to find speed
If required, scale the result to the desired unit (rpm, rad/sec, etc)
This approach fixes the time period and measures the

distance traveled during each interval
Speed sampling rate is determined by the period of the timer
Speed Measurement Using eQEPs
Unit Timer
Use the eQEPs 32-bit Unit Timer, i.e., QUTMR
It always operates at the CPU clock (non-prescalable)
Automatically resets to zero when it hits its period register
value (QUPRD)
Generates a Unit Time-Out pulse upon resetting
The QPOSCNT value is automatically captured and saved in the
QPOSLAT register
An interrupt is requested from the PIE
The program can read the latched value in the ISR and
calculate speed
The numerator of v(k) depends on rotor speed,
The denominator is fixed and does not depend on speed.
Speed Measurement Using eQEPs
Unit Timer
Angular velocity formula
x(k) - x(k - 1)
v(k ) ,
T
The numerator of v(k) depends on rotor speed

The denominator is fixed and does not depend on speed
v(k) = most recent speed sample
x(k) = most recent latched position
x(k-1) = latched position from previous cycle
T = QUTMR period value
Speed Measurement using eQEPs
Unit Timer
Problem with the Unit Timer Position
Measurement Approach
What is the problem with this unit timer position
measurement approach?
Hint: think about the velocity formula
Speed Measurement Over a Unit Distance
Instead of counting pulses in a unit of time, this approach
measures the elapsed time during a unit of distance
Unit of distance is a multiple of QCLK edges
The previous approach fixed time and measured distance
This approach fixes distance and measures time
It uses the eQEPs Capture Timer
If an application requires high accuracy at low and high
speeds?
Switch between the two approaches based on the motor speed
Comparison of Speed Measurement
Approaches
Fixed time interval
Good for high speed

Numerator goes to ~0 at low speed
Fixed distance interval
Good for low speed

Denominator goes to ~0 at high speed
Comparison of Speed Measurement
Approaches
Fixed
time
approach
Fixed
distance
approach
eQEP Module Block Diagram
Measure the elapsed time
between the unit position events;
used for low speed measurement
Quadrature
Generate periodic
Capture
interrupts for velocity Quadrature -
calculations clock mode
Monitors the quadrature
clock to indicate proper
operation of the motion EQEPxA/XCLK
control system
32-Bit Unit EQEPxB/XDIR
Timer Quadrature
QEP Decoder EQEPxI
Watchdog
SYSCLKOUT
Position Counter
& Compare
Generate the direction and
clock for the position counter
Measure rotor in quadrature count mode
movement and generate
a sync output and/or
interrupt on a position
compare match

Cuntish Sdds

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Cuntish Sdds

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Lecture 9:

Enhanced Quadrature Encoder

An encoder is a relatively expensive position sensor

It is NOT part of the DSP

It is coupled to the motor shaft

It has mechanical and electronic parts

Incremental Optical Encoder Quadrature Output from Photo Sensors

1 line = 4 quadrature edge or clock events

What does the additional Index Line do?

Has 3 eQEP modules

This approach fixes the time period and measures the

The numerator of v(k) depends on rotor speed

x(k) = most recent latched position

x(k-1) = latched position from previous cycle

T = QUTMR period value

Good for high speed

Good for low speed

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen