ESS

Design Lateral Loads - Linear Dynamic Procedure

INPUTS : THIS COLOR OUTPUTS : THIS COLOR
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This worksheet is for the code based procedure for determination of design lateral loads using a linear dynamic procedure. It is
assumed that the user has a full understanding of all parameters and calculations in this worksheet. This worksheet may be used to
calculate design lateral loads for a 2-dimensional frame or 3D building in a 2D direction.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Parameters
No of DOF: No := 3 j := 0 .. No 1 k := No 1 = 2 o := 1 .. No + 1

Masses (kg)
m0 := 179.31285 m3 := 0 m6 := 0 m9 := 0
m1 := 146.34279 m4 := 0 m7 := 0
m2 := 135.4 m5 := 0 m8 := 0

m0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 m1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 m2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 m3 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 m4 0 0 0 0 0 Here the relevant part of the mass matrix is selected
Mm :=
0 M := submatrix( Mm , 0 , k , 0 , k)
0 0 0 0 0 m5 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 m6 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m7 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m8 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m9

Storey Heights (m) H.0 is ground floor height, and so on.

H0
3
H1
H 3
2 3
H3 0

H4 h i := m Hi := submatrix( hi , 0 , k , 0 , 0 )
0
0
H5 0
H
6 0
H7 0

H8 0
H
9

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 2 of 15

 Individual Column Stiffnesses -Neutral axis is assumed to be at mid-lengths of cross ESS
section, assuming symmetrical reinforcing

-Tension in concrete is neglected

Material Properties:
fc := 25 (MPa) Ec := 4500 fc MPa = 22.5 GPa

Es := 200GPa
Es
Modular Ratio n := = 8.8889
Ec
thus, transformed section to be entirely concrete
Column 1
Dimensions

B c1 := 300mm
Hc1 := 300mm

Reinforcing bars Information Bar types i, ii, iii

Distance from outer
Db1i := 16mm Db1ii := 0mm Db1iii := 0mm
face to center of long bar
C o1 := 40mm 2 2 2
Ab1i := Db1i Ab1ii := Db1ii Ab1iii := Db1iii
4 4 4
n b1i := 8 n b1ii := 0 n b1iii := 0

Area of Steel, Concrete (if user wishes to calculate I for a cracked section)
2
As1 := n b1i Ab1i + n b1ii Ab1ii + n b1iii Ab1iii = 1608.4954 mm
2
Ac1 := B c1 Hc1 As1 = 88391.5046 mm

Number of Column 1 per storey n.0 is ground floor height, and so on ( n0 n1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n5 n 6 n 7 n 8 n9 )

n 1 := ( 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )

N1 := submatrix n 1 , 0 , k , 0 , 0
T

keq.x (rotation about x' axis, or loading in y) keq.y (rotation about y' axis, or loading in x)
3 3
B c1 Hc1 8 4
Hc1 Bc1 8 4
Igx1 := = 6.75 10 mm Igy1 := = 6.75 10 mm
12 12
1.35 10 7 1.35 107

N1 12 Ec Igx1 N1 12 Ec Igy1
= 1.35 10
= 1.35 10

7 kg 7 kg
kx1 := ky1 :=
2 2
Hi
3
1.35 107 s Hi
3
1.35 107 s

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 3 of 15

 Column 2 ESS
Dimensions

B c2 := 300mm
Hc2 := 225mm

Reinforcing bar information Bar types i, ii, iii

Distance from outer

Db2i := 16mm Db2ii := 12mm Db2iii := 0mm
face to center of long bar
C o2 := 40mm 2 2 2
Ab2i := Db2i Ab2ii := Db2ii Ab2iii := Db2iii
4 4 4
n b2i := 4 n b2ii := 4 n b2iii := 0

Area of Steel, Concrete (if user wishes to calculate I for a cracked section)
2
As2 := n b2i Ab2i + n b2ii Ab2ii + n b2iii Ab2iii = 1256.6371 mm
2
Ac2 := B c2 Hc2 As2 = 66243.3629 mm

Number of Column 2 per storey n.0 is ground floor height, and so on ( n0 n1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n5 n 6 n 7 n 8 n9 )

n 2 := ( 6 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )

N2 := submatrix n 2 , 0 , k , 0 , 0
T

keq.x (rotation about x' axis, or loading in y) keq.y (rotation about y' axis, or loading in x)
3 3
B c2 Hc2 Hc2 Bc2
Igx2 := Igy2 :=
12 12

1.7086 107 3.0375 107

N2 12 Ec Igx2 N2 12 Ec Igy2
= 1.7086 10
= 3.0375 10

7 kg 7 kg
kx2 := ky2 :=
2 2
3 s 3 s
Hi 7 Hi 7
1.1391 10 2.025 10

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 4 of 15

 Column 3 ESS
Dimensions

B c3 := 300mm
Hc3 := 225mm

Reinforcing bar information Bar types i, ii, iii

Db3i := 16mm Db3ii := 12mm Db3iii := 0mm
Distance from outer
face to center of long bar 2 2 2
Ab3i := Db3i Ab3ii := Db3ii Ab3iii := Db3iii
C o3 := 40mm 4 4 4
n b3ii := 2 n b3iii := 0
n b3i := 4

Area of Steel, Concrete (if user wishes to calculate I for a cracked section)
2
As3 := n b3i Ab3i + n b3ii Ab3ii + n b3iii Ab3iii = 1030.4424 mm
2
Ac3 := B c3 Hc3 As3 = 66469.5576 mm

Number of Column 3 per storey n.0 is ground floor height, and so on ( n0 n1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n5 n 6 n 7 n 8 n9 )

n 3 := ( 6 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )

N3 := submatrix n 3 , 0 , k , 0 , 0
T

keq.x (rotation about x' axis, or loading in y) keq.y (rotation about y' axis, or loading in x)

3 3
B c3 Hc3 8 4
Hc3 Bc3 8 4
Igx3 := = 2.8477 10 mm Igy3 := = 5.0625 10 mm
12 12

1.7086 107 3.0375 107

N3 12 Ec Igx3
N3 12 Ec Igy3

= 1.7086 10
= 3.0375 10

7 kg 7 kg
kx3 := ky3 :=
2 2
Hi
3
5.6953 106 s Hi
3
1.0125 107 s

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 5 of 15

 Lateral Stiffness per floor r := 0 ESS
8 k , 0
0 0
0 47671.875 0 74250
1 47671.875 1 74250
2 30585.9375 2 43875
3 0 3 0
kN kN
( )
kx := stack kx1 + kx2 + kx3 , r = 4 0
m
( )
ky := stack ky1 + ky2 + ky3 , r = 4 0
m
5 0 5 0
6 0 6 0
7 0 7 0
8 0 8 0
9 0 9 0
Stiffness Matricies
kx0 + kx1 kx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kx1 kx1 + kx2 kx2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 kx kx + kx kx 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 3 3
0 0 kx kx + kx kx 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 4 4
0 0 0 kx kx + kx kx 0 0 0 0
Kx :=
4 4 5 5
0 0 0 0 kx kx + kx kx 0 0 0
5 5 6 6

0 0 0 0 0 kx
6
kx + kx
6 7
kx
7
0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 kx kx + kx kx 0
7 7 8 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kx kx + kx kx
8 8 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kx kx
9 9

ky0 + ky1 ky1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ky1 ky1 + ky2 ky2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 ky ky + ky ky 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 3 3
0 0 ky ky + ky ky 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 4 4
0 0 0 ky ky + ky ky 0 0 0 0
Ky := 4 4 5 5
0 0 0 0 ky
5
ky + ky
5 6
ky
6
0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 ky
6
ky + ky
6 7
ky
7
0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 ky ky + ky ky 0
7 7 8 8
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 ky ky + ky ky
8 8 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ky ky
9 9

Here the relevant parts of the stiffness matricies are selected

(
KX := submatrix Kx , 0 , k , 0 , k )
(
KY := submatrix Ky , 0 , k , 0 , k )

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 6 of 15

 Calculations ESS

Modal vectors:

Loading in X Direction
2 95.4497
x := sort ( eigenvals( DX) ) = 537.855
1 s
j
DX := M KY
kg Z := eigenvec DX , x
1326.0769 j

j
Normalizing with j Z
largest value:
x := a
0, k
:= 0 (
x := stack a , x)
max Z (
j
)
0.3987 0.9412 0.8316
Normalized Mode Shapes b x := x = 0.7054 0.6598 1

1 1 0.3234

Loading in Y Direction
2 62.0997
y := sort ( eigenvals( DY) ) = 363.4257
1 s
j
DY := M KX
kg Z := eigenvec DY , y
866.8421 j

j
j Z
Normalizing with y := a
0, k
:= 0 (
y := stack a , y)
largest value:
max Z (
j
)
0.4105 0.9618 0.7933
b y := y = 0.7251 0.6088 1
Normalized Mode Shapes
1 1 0.3524

Natural Periods
0.6431 0.7973
= 0.2709 = 0.3296
2 2
Tx := Ty :=
x y
0.1725 0.2134

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 7 of 15

 Modal participation factors z := 1 mass := M z ESS
j

wiik
pk =

wi(ik)
2

X Direction Y Direction
T j 1.31 T j 1.2992
mass b x mass b y
p kx := p kx = 0.363 p ky := p ky = 0.3549
j j
j 2 0.1637 j 2 0.1581
mass b x mass b y
T T

Modal Mass Contributions

2
wi


ik

Mk =

wi(ik)
2
g

X Direction Y Direction
2 2
( 9.81mass)T b j ( 9.81mass)T b j
Mkx :=
x
Mky :=
y
j j
2 2
T j T j
9.81 ( 9.81mass) b x 9.81 ( 9.81mass) b y

88.1184 88.7936
= 10.2287 = 9.7107
100Mkx 100Mky
M kx := M ky :=

Mkx
1.6529 Mky
1.4957

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 8 of 15

 Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficients ESS

IS 1893(Part1):2002
Z I
Ak = Sag
2 R

Seismic Zone Zone := 5 2 : Low seismic intensity

3 : Moderate seismic intensity
Seismic Zone Factor Z := 0.1 if Zone = 2 = 0.36
4: Severe seismic intensity
0.16 if Zone = 3 5: Very severe seismic intensity
0.24 if Zone = 4
0.36 if Zone = 5
Importance Factor I := 1
Response Reduction Factor R f := 4 To be verified in Pushover Analysis

Building Height Ht :=
Hi = 9 m
Soil Type St := 2 1 : Rock or hard soil
2 : Medium Soils
3 : Soft Soils
Sa/g , X direction Sa/g , Y direction
Sagx := if St = 1 Sagy := if St = 1
j,0 j,0
1 + 15 Tx if 0 Tx < 0.1 1 + 15 Ty if 0 Ty < 0.1
j j j j
2.5 if 0.1 Tx < 0.4 2.5 if 0.1 Ty < 0.4
j j
1 1
if 0.4 Tx 4.00 if 0.4 Ty 4.00
Tx j Ty j
j j
"ERROR" otherwise "ERROR" otherwise
if St = 2 if St = 2

1 + 15 Tx if 0 Tx < 0.1 1 + 15 Ty if 0 Ty < 0.1

j j j j
2.5 if 0.1 Tx < 0.4 2.5 if 0.1 Ty < 0.4
j j
1.36 1.36
if 0.4 Tx 4.00 if 0.4 Ty 4.00
Tx j Ty j
j j
"ERROR" otherwise "ERROR" otherwise
if St = 3 if St = 3

1 + 15 Tx if 0 Tx < 0.1 1 + 15 Ty if 0 Ty < 0.1

j j j j
2.5 if 0.1 Tx < 0.4 2.5 if 0.1 Ty < 0.4
j j
1.67 1.67
if 0.4 Tx 4.00 if 0.4 Ty 4.00
Tx j Ty j
j j
"ERROR" otherwise "ERROR" otherwise

2.1147 1.7057
Sagx = 2.5 Sagy = 2.5

2.5 2.5

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 9 of 15

 Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficients ESS

max Sagx , if Tx 0.1 max Sagy , if Ty 0.1

Z I Z Z I Z
Akx := Aky :=
j 2 Rf j 2 j j 2 Rf j 2 j

Z I Z I
S otherwise S otherwise
2 Rf agxj 2 R f agyj

0.0952 0.0768
Akx = 0.1125 Aky = 0.1125

0.1125 0.1125

Determining Shear Forces at each Floor

Initial Lateral Force Calculations

Qk = Ak ik p k Wi

X Direction

j j
Qkx := Akx x p kx 9.81 mass


Initial Shear Force Calculations
Lateral Forces
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 87.42536 -206.393 -182.371 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 -41.3549 38.68187 -58.6229 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 -24.4563 -24.4563 7.908701 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Storey Shear Forces

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 21.61421 -192.167 -233.085 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 -65.8111 14.22559 -50.7142 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 -24.4563 -24.4563 7.908701 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
( )
Vx := submatrix Vkx , 0 , k , 0 , k

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 10 of 15

 Y Direction ESS

j j
Qky := Aky y p ky 9.81 mass


Initial Shear Force Calculations
Lateral Forces
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 72.00434 -168.713 -139.156 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 -41.5577 34.89477 -57.3137 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 -23.6201 -23.6201 8.324552 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Storey Shear Forces

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 6.826552 -157.438 -188.145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 -65.1778 11.2747 -48.9891 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 -23.6201 -23.6201 8.324552 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
( )
Vy := submatrix Vky, 0 , k , 0 , k

Square Root Sum of Squares (Storey Shears)

X Direction Y Direction
(Vk)
2
V=
j j
2 302.86 2 245.4225
V T Vxs = 84.2936
V T Vys = 82.3116
Vxs :=
j x
Vys :=
j y
35.4791 34.4255

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 11 of 15

 ESS
Complete Quadratic Combination (Storey Shears)
5
Modal Damping Ratio (in Fraction) :=
100
1 2.3738 3.7273
Frequency Ratio x :=
1 T
x = 0.4213 1 1.5702
x
0.2683 0.6369 1

1 2.4192 3.7362
y :=
1 T
y = 0.4134 1 1.5444
y
0.2677 0.6475 1

1 0.0113 0.0041
Cross modal coefficient 2
( )
8 1 + x x
1.5

x := x = 0.0113 1 0.0449
2
1 2 + 4 2 ( 1 + ) 2 0.0041 0.0449 1
x x x

2
( )
8 1 + y y
1.5 1 0.0108 0.0041
y :=
y = 0.0108 1 0.0484
2
1 2 + 4 2 ( 1 + ) 2 0.0041 0.0484 1
y y y

Storey Shears X Direction Y Direction

j T j j T j
Vxc := Vx x Vx Vyc := Vy y Vy
T T T T
j j

309.214 251.1271
Vxc = 83.9436 Vyc = 82.0473

35.4032 34.3008

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 12 of 15

 ESS

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 15 of 15

 ESS
Linear Dynamic Procedure - Summary
Lateral Forces - X Direction Forces are calculated as F.roof = V.roof and F.i = V.i - V.i+1

Square Root Sum of Squares Method Complete Quadratic Combination

0 302.86 0 309.214
1 84.29358 1 83.94362
2 35.47911 2 35.40317
3 0 3 0
4 0 4 0
5 0 5 0
6 0 6 0
7 0 7 0
8 0 8 0
9 0 9 0

Lateral Forces Lateral Forces

0 218.5665 0 225.2703
1 48.81447 1 48.54045
2 35.47911 2 35.40317
3 0 3 0
4 0 4 0
5 0 5 0
6 0 6 0
7 0 7 0
8 0 8 0
9 0 9 0
i := 0 .. No =
Modal Periods - X Direction (in sec)
0
T
Tx = ( 0.6431 0.2709 0.1725 ) 1
2
Modal Mass Participation Factors - X Direction (in %) 3
T
M kx = ( 88.1184 10.2287 1.6529 )

Mode Shapes - X Direction

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
3 3 3

2 2 2

1 1 1

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 13 of 15

 Y Direction Forces are calculated as F.roof = V.roof and F.i = V.i - V.i+1 ESS

Square Root Sum of Squares Method Complete Quadratic Combination

0 245.4225 0 251.1271
1 82.31158 1 82.04733
2 34.42547 2 34.30076
3 0 3 0
4 0 4 0
5 0 5 0
6 0 6 0
7 0 7 0
8 0 8 0
9 0 9 0

Lateral Forces Lateral Forces

0 163.1109 0 169.0797
1 47.88611 1 47.74656
2 34.42547 2 34.30076
3 0 3 0
4 0 4 0
5 0 5 0
6 0 6 0
7 0 7 0
8 0 8 0
9 0 9 0

Modal Periods - Y Direction (in sec)

T
Ty = ( 0.7973 0.3296 0.2134 )

Modal Mass Participation Factors - Y Direction (in %)

T
M ky = ( 88.7936 9.7107 1.4957 )

Mode Shapes - Y Direction

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
3 3 3

2 2 2

1 1 1

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

Linear Dynamic Procedure .xmcd 14 of 15