Environmental Survey of Kharan District Balochistan

ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF
KHARAN DISTRICT BALOCHISTAN

Drought Assessment and Longterm Planning
Mohammad Yahya Musakhel, Environmental Study Consultant

Rao Jawed, Programme Coordinator, Islamic Relief
Abdul Jabbar, Regional Head, WWF-Pakistan
Ali Imran Syed, Ceputy Conservator Planning
APRIL 6, 2004
ISLAMIC RELIEF UK- WWF-PAKISTAN, BALOCHISTAN FOREST AND
WILD LIFE DEPARTMENT AND ECHO
_______________________________Environmental Survey Report of District Kharan
CONTENTS
S.No. TOPIC Page#
Acronyms and Abbreviations i
Preface ii
Acknowledgements iii
Executive Summary iv
Report Methodology v
List of Maps, Tables and Graphs vi
Acronyms and Abbreviations vii
PART I
01 DISTRICT KHARAN (AT A GLANCE) 01
02 KHARAN NAME 02
03 POPULATION PROJECTED 03
04 HOUSEHOLD SIZE 04
05 ETHNIC COMPOSITION 04
06 TRIBES IN KHARAN 05
07 HISTORY OF MAJOR TRIBES 06
08 HEALTH 09
09 MAJOR DISEASES 11
10 EDUCATION 11
11 OCCUPATIONS 12
12 SUMGGLING 15
13 AGRICULTURE 17
14 IRRIGATION 20
15 LIVESTOCK 21
Part II
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16 SURVEY OF FLORA
Part III
17 SURVEY OF FAUNA
Part IV
Recommendation/Observations
Part IV
Future Interventions
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PREFACE
Environment has been defined as a total of natural and physical
factors (with their interaction) surrounding an organism, but since long we (all the
stakeholders) have not given it due importance in real terms. The transfer of
power to grass root and formation of local government set up at district level
came as a ray of hope for helping resident communities to solve their
conservation issuse themselves. It is candid as well as considered opinion that
the participation of resident communities in outlining of environmental issues
would be a foundation on which will be built the edifice of sustainable
conservation.
Keeping in view the scenario emerging from recent drought and owing to the
peculiar condition of Kharan the need of a document, containing multifarious
information of all the resources was felt. Hence, this study namely
Environmental Profile of District Kharan was initiated by the Islamic Relief,
Balochistan. Though reference documents like: District Profiles of all
administrative districts of Balochistan, Balochistan Conservation Strategy,
National Conservation Strategy, Forestry Sector Master Plan, etc have been
available containing relevant information in piece meal; but it was direly felt that
the available references lack to address certain areas of information particularly
status of fauna & flora, etc.
The Kharan District has an arid climate, but contains many species and
habitats of global biodiversity significance. Conservation efforts have been
limited, and not very effective in much of the area, though the Government sector
and local communities have been effective to some degrees in this regard.But
still due to scarce resource sfor undertaking of conservation activities and lack of
political will, the critical habitats continue to degrade and many species of global
importance have either become extinct or are critically endangered. Although
conservation of arid ecosystems is essential to maintain an ecological balance
and conserve biodiversity, these are generally considered waste lands due to
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their limited productive potential. Therefore the district has received very little
attention for conservation. Overgrazing, cutting of scanty vegetation for fuel,
indiscriminate hunting and trade in wild species are common practice and have
caused large-scale environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity. If that
was not enough, the recent persistent drought has taken toll of whatever was
remaining.
The devolution plan while empowering public representatives also

envisages dissemination of information to the masses both in public and private
sectors. The document has been made so much that a common citizen can also
retrieve and get the information of his own interest at a glance as it divulges
information starting from area information to the checklist of fauna and flora.
Besides it also contains roles and responsibilities of elected representatives,
government functionaries and resident communities for conservation of natural
renewable resources, which will reinforce the management of Common Property
Resource by local communities. It could be very well used as planning and
decision making tool as it contains detailed resource/area information. It is
indeed least but not the last document, which consists of detailed information of
the district Kharan.
May Almighty Allah bless our country to achieve the goal of biological
diversity conservation an alleviation of poverty.
Programme Coordinator
Islamic Relief Balochistan
Quetta
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure for appreciating the efforts of Islamic Relief

(IR) Balochistan for preparing Environmental Study of District Kharan. It was a
gigantic task, which the IR accomplished in a limited period with inadequate
resources by its own initiative. While going through the study report, I found it
comprehensive, informative and interesting.
The study embodies not only details of various resources and requisite
data in Kharan District but also provides solutions to existing problems by the
local stakeholders.
It would be definitely beneficial for the general public, elected

representatives, government functionaries as well as for the planners. Another
important segment of the report is suggestion of solutions to existing problems by
the local stakeholders. Similarly there is description of roles and responsibilities
of elected representatives, resident communities and government functionaries
for conservation of renewable natural resources.
I owe my personal gratitude and thanks to the staff of IR who had

worked hard and had many sleepless nights in compiling this study.
May Almighty Allah bless our beloved country.
Na zim Kharan
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Islamic Relief Pakistan working in Kharan and Kharan Districts under Program
Chaghi Integrated Rehabilitation Program (CIRDP) and Kharan Integrated
Rehabilitation Program (KIRDP). Both Districts were severely affected from
drought. The situation asserted substantial on Socio-economic conditions,
Natural Resources, Water Resources; Rangelands, Livestock and Natural
habitats of Wild life. There was a dire need to assess the damages in the District
to suggest appropriate measures to not only minimize the effects but to pave
ways to improve the livelihood and resource conditions of the people of the area.
Islamic Relief Pakistan apart from its main mandate of relief goods distribution to
needy communities of suffering areas, initiated a step further to conduct survey
regarding people and Resources. Environmental survey was conducted through
a survey team following a comprehensive Questioners development to collect
data on Socio-Economic and Socio-Environmental aspects. Survey reports
reveal substantial damages to the Natural Resources and Livelihood of the
District Kharan. There is dire need of design of activities to address the identified
issues.
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REPORT PROCEEDINGS
The Offices of Islamic Relief and WWF - Pakistan at Quetta approached

renowned experts and experienced scientists of flora, fauna, water and socio-
economic sectors. They were asked to submit a proposal regarding
environmental survey. Later consultative group was established. The group was
given presentation of proposals. After incorporating the technical comments, a
two Questionnaires were developed on Socio-Economic and Socio- Ecological
survey of the projects villages. The selection of villages at the union level was
made on the priority activities of Islamic Relief where communities were already
established and they had enough confidence on Islamic Relief.
Two teams were established who collected data on developed Questionnaires

from the villages of various Union Councils in the District. Each team covered
flora, fauna, water and socio-economic sectors. Apart from discussing/presenting
the data to the Consultative group, the obtained information were also shared
with the District Government, Community members, Local NGOs and
representative of Civil Society at Dalbandine.
Later all delivered inputs, primary and secondary data was incorporated and
report was completed. Whole course has been completed in three months time
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ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS
BCS Balochistan Conversation Strategy
BEPA Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency
BFWD Balochistan Forest & Wildlife Department, Quetta
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CO Chief Officer
DCO District Coordination Officer
DHO District Health Officer
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
GoB Government of Balochistan
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IR Islamic Relief Pakistan
IT Information Technology
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
LG&RDD Local Government and Rural Development

Department
NCS National Conservation Strategy
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
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NGO Non-Governmental Organization
P&D Planning and Development
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
RCD Regional Cooperation for Development
SMEDA Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority
Sq.Km. Square Kilometers
TMO Tehsil Municipal Officer
TVO Trust for Voluntery Organisation
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees
WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority
WWF P World Wide Fund for Nature Pakistan
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.LIST OF MAPS, TABLES & GRAPHS
Map of Balochistan
Satellite image of Kharan District
Map of Kharan District
Land use map of Kharan District
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Study Districts
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Distrci Kharan (Satellite Image)
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Tehsil wise Boundaries
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Socio-economic Review of Kharan
CONTENTS
S.No. TOPIC Page#
01 DISTRICT KHARAN (AT A GLANCE) 01
02 DISTRICT KHARAN (A PROFILE) 03
03 SOCIAL STRUCTURE 05
04 HEALTH FACILITIES 07
05 EDUCATION 09
06 OCCUPATIONS 09
07 AGRICULTURE 09
08 CROPPING PATTERN 12
09 IRRIGATION 13
10 SMUGGLING 14
11 LIVE STOCK 15
12 LAND HOLDING 16
13 INCOME 16
14 IMPACT OF DROUGHT 16
15 CONCLUSIONS 17
16 RECOMMENDATIONS 19
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DISTRICT KHARAN
AT A GLANCE
District H.Q Kharan

Establishment as District 15th March, 1952
Area 48,051KM
Population 1904 1981 1995 2000
19215 128040 198195 206909
Latest male / Female population. 107261 and 99648.
Growth Rate 2.86
Major Ethnic groups: Baloch and Brahvi
Tribes: Nausherwani, Rakhshani, Mohammad Hasni, Perakzai,
Siahpad, Kubdani and Mulazai.
Languages: Balochi 70% Brahvi 20% Pashto and others 10%

Climate The climate is dry & hot dust storms are experienced
throughout the year. Summers are hot and winters are
pretty cold.
Major Crops. Wheat, Jowar and Onion.

Major Livestock(1995)
Cattle 8895
Sheep 641897
Camel 35512
Important Minerals: Manganese, Antimony Chromite.

Important Places: Fort of Kharan, Gabar Dam (Dam Constructed by
Zoroastrians (in Persian called Gabar or Aatish Parast)
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Education: Boys Girls

Primary Schools 239 72
Middle Schools 28 16
High Schools 13 01
Inter College 01 0
Health Facilities: DH 01
Dispensary 33
BHU 22
Health Aux: Unit 01
RHC 01
MCH Centre 02
Sub Health Centre 04
Roads: Metalled(KM) 103

Shingle 1368
Air Port 01
Shamsi Airport is the only airport that too is owned by
Sheikh Zaid and used by Royal Family alone.
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DISTRICT KHARAN
(A Profile)
District Kharan owes its name to Mountains Karan, Qaran or Barfen as it

was sometimes called Koh-i-Karan. This name Koh-i-Karan is also mentioned in Kitab-i-
Masalik-o-Mamalik. Price in his book, Mohammaden History describes the defeat of the
Nikoudrians by Miran Shah, son of Timur Lang, in the plains of Keren in 1383. Abul
Fazal describes a mountain range in the area and calls it karah, on the one extreme of
which he is Kalmati and the other extreme adjoins kech, (river) in different Balochi
dialect Q can not be pronounced but commutes it when required into gh or kh.
1. Population: First ever rough house to house census was conducted in 1904,
which showed total number of families in Kharan, including Beseima as 3,843;
Average household if taken ( generally those days was 5) as five, the population
figure comes to 19215. Because of drought and other seasonal migration around
10,000 families used to leave for Sindh, Seistan or Helmand for grazing their
flocks and it was a regular routine. The incidence per KM was slightly less than 2.
Latest projections shows the population of Kharan district to 206909 of

which male population is 107261 and female population 99648. Growth rate as
worked out from 1981-89 is roughly 2.86, as against national average of 2.6.
2. Major Demographical Features: Historically Kharan remained

connected more with the west than the east. Strong Persian strain runs through the
veins of the Kharanis. The Nausherwanis always claimed descent from the
Kainians of Persia Presently population of Kharan includes elements of varied
extractions; from Afghanistan, Kalat, Mekran and Persia. The detailed account of
various tribes living in Kharan is given below:
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(a) Raskoh area, (b), Rangelands in Sarawan UC, (c), Fort of Kharan, and (d), Fort in Sarawan Union Counsel.
Page 19 of 121
(a) Nausherwanis. They are rulers of Kharan. They were also known as
Shaozai. Their status is superior to other tribes.
Nausherwanis claim to be connected with the Kainian Maliks, but the

authenticity of this claim can not be ascertained. But traces of Kainian Maliks are
found in various places in Kharan giving the claim some weight. In the tribal
Sanad dating back 1796, the Kharan Chief was addressed as Baloch Nausherwani.
But in some Sanads they were addressed as Baloch Kharani or Baloch
Rakhshani. Another account says ancestors establish themselves in a fort on one
of the tributaries of Sarap River known as Nausherwan Peshi, thus acquiring
the name.
(b) Mohammad Hasni: This is one of the biggest but nomadic tribe of
Kharan. Basically this tribe also belongs to Jhalawan but its arrival in
Kharan dates back to several centuries. Among sub-sections are Kiazai,
Yagizai and Durakzai.
(c). Rakhshani: Rakhshani also known as Rashkhani is a general name

given to all tribes living in Rakhshan Valley. Some say that Damni and
Rekis are also Rakhshanis. Old ballads relate that Rakhshanis were one of
44 families of the Rinds.
(d) Siahpad. The Siahpad or black feet, from Siah, black and pad, foot
are said to drive their name from black boat they were wearing on their
first arrival in the area. Traditionally they settled on the slopes of Ras Koh
hills. They also have Rind ancestory, as per their claim.
(e) Rekis. They are also known to have link with Rind who on
Separation from main body, remained on the sands of Rude-Mashkhel
(Mashkhel River), hence their name Reki, the sand man. They claim of
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Arab descent as well with no verifiable record. There are around 14 Sub-
Sections. The sectional Headman is Malik Shazai (Nutezai) The Mullazai,
Sasoli and Shai are affiliated groups of Rekis.
(f) Pirakzai. Pirakzais are one of the oldest inhabitants but without much
influence. Their sub-sections are Pirakzai, Bangulzai and Pindokzai.
(g) Kubdani. Also known as Kudbudanis are Musiani, Zehri from

Jhalawan. The name is derived from ancestor Kutbuddin who traveled
from Jhalawan and settled in Kharan.
(h) Halalzai. They are claimed to have connection with Brahvi tribe
Kalandrani. They had bitter feuds with Nausherwanis of Kharan.
Besides there are numerous other tribes and sub-tribes with negligible
number. They re Taukis, Mamojar, Amiraris and Sohrs.
3. Social Structure: The structure of sodciety is patriarchal and deeply woven in

tribal system. Every individual and household find security within a tribe. All
members of a tribe are responsible for their conduct to other tribes. Tribal code of
honour still remains like:
(a) Reverage against blood. (b) Respect for women in Khair (c)
Death to adulterer and (d) ending fight or feud when Maulvi, Syed or a lady
brings Quraan on his or her head. Although hold of tribal chief has diminished but
a Saradar still holds sway.
3.1 Dress: Dress like in any part of Balochistan is, Balochi Shalwar and Shirt and
Cap or turban by male members and Shalwar and Frock type (Kus), shirt by
women. Headgear worn by women is called Gud.
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3.2 Family: Family is still a very important unit and in all Kharan rural population lives
in joint family. However, gradually family has reduced in size. In 1960 the
average size was 9 but latest figure show the size has shrunk to 5.
3.3 Marriage: Marriages are normally within the family and are arranged. Now inter
tribal marriages are also not uncommon. Even Baloch and Brahvi inter tribal
marriages are on the increase. Bride is generally younger to Bridegroom.
Bridegroom pays bride price known as Lab which ranges from Rs.15,000/- to
Rs.200,000/- depending on social and economic status of bridegroom. Marriages
in exchange are commonly practiced among relatives. Lab at times plays
negative role as it delays marriage of the poor. Marriages are celebrated with fun-
fare but no celebrations are held on marriage with a widow.
3.4 Hereditary rights: Women have no hereditary rights. Similarly off springs of
Naqibs have no rights. Women do all household chores like collection of fuel-
wood, fetching water, tending live stock etc.
Now with education and urbanization women have started attending

School, but it will take another generation before visible change in social and
family structure takes place.
3.5 Tribal Culture of cooperation generally known as Bijar and Pursi is very helpful to
families in need and it is reciprocal in nature. Similarly collective harvesting
when needed can also be witnessed. These traditions and customes inculcate close
ties with village and tribe.
3.6 Majority Kharani Baloch are sunni Muslims with some elements of Zikris but their
number is very small. They can not otherwise be recognized by outsiders as they
have same language, traditions and customes, except when they go to Koh-e-
Murad in Ramazan for annual pilgrimage. However, there is religious harmony
and tolerance.
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3.7 Although age old Jirga as an institution has been abolished by government in 1991
but people still use informal jirga of notables for resolving disputes and it is
incidentally very effective. Khair is also one way of ending disputes in which
accused party goes to aggrieved party along with White beard Safeed Reesh
for seeking forgiveness.
3.8 Carrying fire arm on person was very common in the past. Even to-day it is a matter
of pride to possess modern fire-arms as it adds to ones respect. Now however it is
not openly demonstrated except on special occasions like marriages or on birth of
wale child etc.
4. Health facilities: Kharan district with its population of 206909 and total area
of 48051KM has following health facilities. A few health facilities in private
sector in Kharan City and occasional camps by NGOs and Army is not reflected
here.
Following Table shows recent picture depict by Government of Balochistan:
Health Facility Summary Location of Health Facilities
BASIC HEALTH UNIT 22 BASIC HEALTH UNIT
1 BASIMA
DISPENSARY 33
2 BERONT
HEALTH AUX UNIT 2 3 DAMAG
HOSPITAL 1 4 DELLY KALLAGA
MATERNAL & CHILD 2 5 N HURRAO
HEALTH CENTRE 6 HUSSAIN ZAI
RURAL HEALTH CENTRE 1 7 JAMAK
SUB HEALTH CENTRE 4 8 JAT NAG
Population Welfare Facility Summary 9 JUNGLE
RHS-A's (**) 0 10 KHURMAGI
MSU's 0 11 KOHAK
VBFPWS's 0 12 KURRAGAI
FWC-urban 1 13 PASSI
FWC-semi Urban 0 14 PLUNTAK
F'WC-1-ural (*) 0 15 SALAM BAIG
LHWs 154 16 SARAGAI
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HEALTH AUX. UNIT

17 SHERINZA
56 MCHHI
18 SHIMSHAN
57 NOROZABAD
19 SHIMSHI
20 SHINGER HOSPITAL
58 DHQ HOSPITAL, KHARAN
21 SIA HOZAl
METERNAL & CHILD
22 UL-MARGE
HEALTH CENTRE
DISPENSARY 59 KHARAN
RURAL HEALTH CENTRE
23 ABBABKRI (SORO) 60
61 PATKIN
LADAGASHT
24 BEDI SUB HEALTH CENTRE
25 BUDDO KUBDANI 62 JODA KALAT
26 ERRIKALAG 63 LIJJI
27 GARUK 64 SARAGI
28 GHULAM MUSTAFA ZARD
29 GOZGAI
65 SARAWAN
30 HAHUGO
31 JANGIAN
32 KALAG MASHKEL
33 KHARAN
34 KHARAN
35 KILLI MOHAMMAD WAFA
36 KOOTAN
37 LAKKUD
38 MISKAN KALAT
39 NAG
40 NOKCHA
41 NOROZ KALAT
42 PATKAN
43 PATKIN
44 PENYAM KARIZ
45 PURPATE
46 QUMBAR
47 SAJID
48 SIBI VILLAGE
49 SORGAZO
50 TAGAP
51 TAGAZ KUND
52 TOHMULK
53 TUMP VILLAGE
54 WASHUK
55 ZOORABAD
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____________________________________Socio-Economic Review of District Kharan
5. Education: Education Sector is one of the most neglected Sector in

Kharan. Following table shows different levels of education provided by Government and
male and female enrolment from 1991-92 to 1996.
Enrollme 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1996 Tota

nt l
M F M F M F M F M F
P/School 8115 1603 8586 1711 890 254 7956 2768 7840 3411 1125
8 2 1
M/School 1529 92 1593 110 175 160 1636 216 1565 228 1793
0
H/School 608 22 655 13 524 21 1002 46 874 47 921
Intermed. 142 4 245 7 246 5 134 6 221 14 255
D/College - - - - - - - - - -
5.1 The position has slightly changed both positively and negatively. Girls
College which had very little strength is there on paper alone as with 16 students
female teachers could not be persuaded from Quetta to join the college.
District Kharan Education profile as on 23-12-2003.
Primary School Middle School High School Colleges
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
239 72 28 16 13 1 1 0
5.2 There are some low quality English medium schools in Kharan city but they
serve no useful purpose. There is no vocational institute in whole of District.
5.3 Drop out rate from middle to high is 60% among boys and above 70% among
girls.
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6 Occupations:
Agriculture. Agriculture is the main activity, where in 79% population is
engaged while 21% is engaged in Livestock, government Service and cross-border and
domestic trade. Women folks whose labour is not recorded constitute major chunk of
labour force on land. Wheat is the major crop and about 1820 Ha is under wheat
cultivation with 2410 tones of production, following table show the crop wise detail.
Area Under Cultivation Total Cultivatable Cultivable Waste

Irrigated (Wheat Unirrigate)
15310 NIL 64708 763341
6.1 Kharan district is not known for fruit production, however around 15000-17000 tone
of fruit is produced annually which includes Apple, Apricot, Pench, Plum, pear and
dates. Recent drought had a telling effect on fruit production which has decreased to
40 to 50%. Following table shows fruit production for various years.
Area, Production and Yield of All Fruits Grown in Kharan District 1994-95
Fruits Bearing Non- Total Production in Yield/Ha in
Bearing Tones Kg.
Almond 9 1 10 32 3572
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Apple 28 5 33 280 10000

Apricot 13 1 14 130 10000
Grapes 35 12 47 290 8276
Peach 10 2 12 100 10000
Plum 3 2 5 30 10000
Pear 2 0 0 20 10000
Pomegranate 63 10 73 1288 20445
Dates 1398 1 1399 13308 9519
Pistachio 0 0 0 0 4000
Other Fruits 4 2 6 30 7500
Total - 36 1601 15508
Source Agricultural Statistics 1994 -1995
6.2 Average per hectare yield is not very healthy due to lack of irrigation facilities and
scanty and irregular rains. Average per hectare yield for province is 2320Kg against
which Kharan district average yield per hectare is 1250KG which almost half of
provincial PHY.
6.3 Latest figure depict following picture.
DISTRICT KHARAN
AREA COMPARISON OF ALL CROPS
Area in Hectares
Crops 2002-03 1997-98 % increase / decrease
Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total
RABI CROPS
Wheat 16,700 200 16,900 1,400 4,000 5,400 1093 -95 213
Barley 700 - 700 45 30 75 1456 -100 833
Cumin 2,319 - 2,319 - - - 0 0 0
Mutter Pulse - - - 10 - 10 -100 0 -100
Masoor - - - 3 2 5 -100 -100 -100
Vegetables 310 - 310 430 - 430 -28 0 -28
Fodder 90 20 110 172 - 172 -48 0 -36
Sunflower - - - 162 - 162 -100 0 -100
Total Rabi 20,119 200 20,339 2,222 4,032 6,254
Crops

Irrig: Un- Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total
Irrig:
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KHARIF CROPS
Sorghum 83 - 83 - 150 150 0 -100 -45
(Jowar)
Moong 24 - 24 35 15 50 -31 -100 -52
Mash 35 - 35 15 20 35 133 -100 -52
Fruits 1,787 - 1,787 1,650 - 1,650 8 0 8
Onion 800 - 800 800 - 800 0 0 0
Vegetables 415 - 415 230 - 230 80 0 80
Melons 400 - 400 600 1,015 1,615 -33 -100 -75
Chillies 10 - 10 10 - 10 0 0 0
Fodder 1,700 - 1,700 100 275 375 1600 -100 353
Garlic 1 - 1 - - - 0 0 0
Cotton 500 - 500 - - - 0 0 0
Total Kharif 5,755 - 5,755 3,440 1,475 4,915
Crops
GRAN 25,874 220 26,094 5,662 5,507 11,169
TOTAL
DISTRICT KHARAN
PRODUCATION COMPARISON OF ALL CROPS
Production in Tonnes
Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total
RABI CROPS
Wheat 31,648 235 32,083 2,850 4,700 7,550 1017 -95 325
Barley 921 - 921 70 30 100 1216 -100 821
Cumin 1,044 - 1,044 - - - 0 0 0
Mutter Pulse - - - 6 - 6 -100 0 -100
Masoor - - - 3 2 5 -100 -100 -100
Vegetables 4,758 - 4,758 6,665 - 6,665 -29 0 -29
Fodder 2,608 220 2,828 9,070 - 9,070 -71 0 -69
Sunflower - - - 195 - 195 -100 0 -100
Total Rabi 41,179 455 41,634 18,859 4,732 23,591
Crops

Irrig: Un- Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total Irrig: Un-Irrig: Total
Irrig:
KHARIF CROPS
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Sorghum 74 - 74 - 91 91 0 -100 -19

(Jowar)
Moong 17 - 17 30 8 38 -43 -100 -55
Mash 37 - 37 19 13 32 95 -100 16
Fruits 7,285 - 7,285 15,811 - 15,811 -54 0 -54
Onion 14,400 - 14,400 10,240 - 10,240 41 0 41
Vegetables 2,605 - 2,605 3,040 - 3,040 -14 0 -14
Melons 3,807 - 3,807 10,595 12,470 23,065 -64 -100 -83
Chillies 8 - 8 10 - 10 -20 0 -20
Fodder 50,810 - 50,810 4,440 5,110 9,550 1044 -100 432
Garlic 5 - 5 - - - 0 0 0
Cotton 766 - 766 - - - 0 0 0
Total Kharif 79,814 - 79,814 44,185 17,692 61,877
Crops
Grand Total 120,993 455 121,448 63,044 22,424 85,468
6.4 Cropping Pattern In 1994-95, wheat was grown in a total of 1,820 ha, producing
2,410 tones. Vegetables production in irrigated area of 365 hectares was 11 tones in
Rabi. In Kharif the vegetables were cultivated in 196 hectares and production was
2,460 tones. During the year 1994-95 Jowar was cultivated in 200 hectors irrigated
and 150 hectors un-irrigated areas and production was 210 tonnes in irrigated and 90
tonnes in un-irrigated areas. Fruit was produced only in the irrigated area of 1,601
hectares; the production was 15,508 tonnes. Dates are the major fruit products of
Kharan. Its production was 13.31 tonnes in 1995-96.
6.5 Irrigation The major sources of irrigation are karezes and springs, followed by tube
wells. The reason for not using mechanized irrigation systems is the non-availability
of electricity and a transmission line to the different parts of the district.
The karezes and springs are the main sources of irrigation which irrigated
4,000 hectares comprising 74.35% of the total irrigated area. Further, 19.15% is
irrigated through tube wells and 6.51% through open surface wells. Karezes are
owned by the community, while wells are owned privately. However, no
information is available for the areas which have not been surveyed.
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Irrigation Schemes.
Irrigation Sources Ha % of total cult
Tube Well 1,030 19.15
Open surface Well 350 6.51
Karezes & Springs 4,000 74.35
Total 5,380 100.00
Source :-Agriculture Statistics of Balochisan 1994-95
6.6 Marketing: No marketing facility is available in the District. Most of the

production is consumed locally. People either directly sellsl their crops in the market
of (very often) sell their products through commission agents called Kothi Walla
from whom they borrow seed, fertilizer etc. Actual profit goes in the pockets of these
Kothi Wallas.
6.7 Level of Income: Income level generally is very low. Even if per capita
income is taken as an indicator it comes to less than $2 per day or less than Rs.100/-.
If this is evenly distributed it still will be considered respectable. Generally it comes
to less than Rs. 50/- per person per day. International agencies categorize $2 or less as
poverty level among the poorest. In Kharan particularly in rural areas it is less than $1
per person per day.
7. Smuggling (Cross Border Trade)

Most Socio-economic Surveys about Kharan, do not list smuggling as one
of the important, if not a major source of employments. When a vast area of
48,051KM, inhabiting 206909 people has neither industry, nor any regular
business, with lowest possible per capita income, definitely people would turn to
some avocation for a living. Kharan has sizeable border with Iran and ethics aside
people find a way out in cross border trade. Legality never becomes a
consideration, when lives are endangered.
Recently oil (POL) has started flowing towards Pakistan because of

sizeable price differential. Iran being one of major oil producing and exporting
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country has very low gasoline price for its citizens. So not only people of Iran but
people of bordering areas also benefit from this bonanza. This happens
everywhere in Turkey, Jordan and Syria, the people of these countries benefited
from oil of Iraq. Par value of Toman vis--vis Pak Rupee and element of subsidy
made it viable business. Law enforcement agencies also close their eyes from this
business for various political reasons.
One theory says that after WTO this bonanza is going to be over after
duties are withdrawn. No, not in this case. As there is no such conditionality as
with drawing subsidy for nationals of any country. Even if margin of profit is
reduced, it will continue in foreseeable future. One commodity shall be replaced
by another, and yet another commodity. It will remain a source of employment.
Exact number of people engaged in this business would never be known. Yes with
increase in business opportunity and risk free employment within country shall
definitely lessen the dependence on smuggling. This is a necessary socio-
economic evil, which will stay with varying degree of intensity.
8. Majority male, both educated and uneducated want government employment. But
since there are very little openings very few jobs could be created for uneducated
youth. Government jobs have an element of security and it also ensures safe
monthly income
9. Live Stock: Live Stock is the second most important sector in Kharan District.
Although over the period of time this sector has developed but over grazing of
range land, low quality feed the average quality is not very high. Overgrazing has
also damaged bio-diversity of the district. Following table give a general picture
of livestock position in Kharan District.
Livestock 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Sheep 170957 191 609 214755 240 697 269 774 302 362
Goats 266 406 280 792 295 955 311 936 328 781 346 535
Cattle 6644 7043 7467 7915 8391 8895
Buffaloes 8 9 9 10 11 11
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Miles 42 46 50 55 60 66
Horses 1 365 1 402 1 441 1 480 1 521 1 563
Donkeys 7592 8442 9386 10436 11 604 12903
Camels 26915 28449 30071 31 785 33597 35512
Total 479 929 517 791 559 133 604 315 653 738 707 846
Source Provincial Livestock Department Assistant Director Livestock Kharan
Presently following livestock position has been indicated in a population survey

conducted by livestock department in 2001 2002
Kharan Cattle Sheep Goats Camels Donkeys

10326 529893 614983 36684 6302
9.1 Kharan District was among the severely effected District in recent drought. It
ranked second in seriousness in drought besides agriculture livestock was also
badly damaged in the district. The latest data shows total livestock population
before drought stood at 1.2million (both cattle head and small animals). 369464
were badly affected and casualties were to the tone of 168017. More than 200,000
were either slaughtered or sold at throw away prices to avert total loss.
10. Land Holding. Total geographical area of the district is 4805104 hectare.
Reported area is 3593379 which are 74.78% of geographical area. Around 54.9%
or 2637906 hectare is not available for cultivation 2.65% is under forest.
Cultivable waste is 764671 ha or 15.91%. The arable of area under cultivation is
63378ha (1.3%) the net potential area is 828049ha. 92.35% of cultivable waste
can also be brought under plough only if water is made available through tube
wells and for tube wells electricity supply is required.
10.1 Land holding of arable land of 63378ha is small. Only few big Zamindars hold
big tracts of land who get it cultivated through Bazgars who become share holder
in the produce. Even without modern technology and water supply big holding are
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not very productive per hectare yield is 50% less that average Provincial per
hectare yield.
11 Income: Income level is not uniform. The UNO holds one to two $ per day as
worst poverty level, Kharan average income is Rs.36,000/- to Rs.40,000/- but it is
per capita. There are few pockets of prosperity like big land owners, Sardars,
traders etc. Rural population at places gets less than 1$ a day that too is not
regular and guaranteed.
12. Impact of Drought: Drought has affected Kharan very badly and it was
among severe cases of calamity. As already discussed major dependence of
population of Kharan is on Agriculture and animal husbandry. Fruit orchards
dried 25-30% Livestock either perished or slaughtered fearing death due to non-
availability of fodder. Range land lost all vegetation. Thanks to last years rains
that people had a sigh of relief as some green patches have again emerged
Drought- That had ruined the home of several people in Kharan
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13. CONCLUSIONS:
Kharan District has lot of potential as per KM density is among the lowest. In
better seasons per capita livestock position was much better. Actually drought is
not a new phenomenon for this area. For centuries these people had been living
nomadic life moving to Sind in east and to Helmand and Iran in West in search of
pastures.
If government brings cultivable waste under plough by tube well irrigation

and conserves seasonal flood water by construction of small dams and delay
netion dam, it may change the social life in Kharan.
Statistics collected by IR teams in different villages in different sub-

divisions of Kharan indicate some basic indicators i.e. education water, health
facilities, generation of employment etc. some facilities like schools and health
units have been provided but practically these are not functional. Not a single
vocational institute has been established in whole of District.
People in general expect electricity, water, education and health for

themselves and for their livestock. No cosmetic treatment is going to change the
socio-economic conditions of the population which is dependent on Agriculture
and livestock, real efforts for self sustained growth in this sector are required.
There are places where water table is not as deep, there hand-pumps can be sunk
for household and animal drinking. Similarly dieselized pumps for wells can also
be provided. Steps are needed for conservation of range land and grazing grounds.
Small dykes and Dams are also badly needed. This area still has ruins of Gabr
Dams constructed by Zoroastrians in old days because the region as a whole and
this district in general experienced occasional/ periodical droughts over the years
and prudential policy warrants conservation and rational utilization of meager
natural resources. People shall learn the art by example.
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Skills need to be developed among the people as 90% people who are not
farm workers are unskilled workers. Their productivity is abnormally low. If they
learn some skills, even agriculture related they can be instrumental in bringing
change.
Women status needs to be raised. Children grow in the supervision of

mothers. Illiterate mothers cant breed healthy future generations. Those families
who send their women folk to schools are some how better placed in the same
environment. At least awareness can be created among women to utilize their age
old traditional art of embroidery. The needle work of Kharan is of high quality.
Neither it is marketed nor it is encouraged at any level.
Some part of Kharan has witnessed no change since 1900 when basic data
was collected about this area. Drought is not the only cause of plight of these
people, rather it is the result of mismanagement. Overgrazing, of land, denuded it,
wasteful use of water dried the Karezes. Scanty rains are not recent phenomenon,
but no measures were ever taken to mitigate the impact.
A district with 48051 KM area has only 103KM metalled and 1360KM
Shingle road. With this physical infrastructure relief efforts alone can not change
anything on ground on permanent fooyings. Think of plight of those people living
in rural area, with no health facilities traveling to nearest town on camel back for
treatment.
To conclude, people in Kharan need guidance, economic activity

generating projects related to agriculture and livestock to change their plight. Four
pronged policy involving local population, particularly women folk is required.
Paradigm change is the answer. Pruning the branches do not cure the tree, roots
are to be treated. Quick fixes blur the vision and Block our efforts. Tangible self
supporting and self sustaining projects need to be launched for infusing self-
respect in these people. Alms giving is to be discouraged as process of
pauperization is self defeating.
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14. RECOMMENDATIONS
Although Kharan seems to be barren with no potential for development.
But this notion is not true. Over focus has never been appropriate. As focus has
never been appropriate. As already discussed we tend to behave as trouble shouter
instead of pre-empting the trouble. Drought is neither a new phenomenon nor
unexpected occurring. All old record shows that the district is geographically
placed in the region with scanty rains. We did raise the number of livestock
without ever bothering to develop the ranches. Solely and gradually over grazing
denuded the crust resulting in desertification. Some long term measures are
required to be taken to overcome the after-effects of current drought besides pre-
empting the recurrence. Efforts are also needed to develop the district so that it
stands on its own feet. Following are few practicable recommendations.
Kharan district has lot of potential for Agriculture. Recent experiments in cotton
have produced encouraging results in this district because of its dry climate,it is
pest free. Pest is number one enemy of cotton. New crops not only would
diversify the agriculture but also will raise the level of income.
In agriculture troche irrigation method should be tried, which saves around 75%
water. One or two experimental plots are going to persuade the farmers in this
direction.
Those crops, vegetables, medicinal herbs be tried in the area in consolation with
Arid Zone Research Institute which thrive in desert.
Small Dams: Agriculture and range areas are dependent on water. Winter rain
water conservation strategy has not yet been evolved. On the pattern of NWFP,
small Dams organization is the need of the Province. In catchments areas and on
strategic points kuchcha Dams, Small dams and delay actions dams should be
constructed, which are neither very expensive nor technically difficult to build.
This area is known for such dams throughout known history. Gabbr Dams rains
are still found in Ras-Koh area. These dams were built by Iranians for irrigation
purposes. If built these dams can help recharge water besides rehabilitating range
lands.
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Sinking of Hand pumps: Water table is not very low in the district as tube
wells were not sunk in large numbers. For domestic use, at a nominal cost, Hand
pumps can be installed. Potable water requirement, being one of major demands,
can be met by this step. Tube wells are resisted by neighbouring villages/ farmers,
whereas hand pumps are not objected to by anyone.
Electricity: Wood is used for heating purposes as no other means are available.
People are deprived of electricity, which is one of the most important of amenities
of modern age. Connecting whole of Kharan would be a tall order because of cost
factor but alternate and cheaper means are available.
A recent trip to Khujrab Pass provided answer to this problem. Check post
of Chinese side had light and living accommodations besides pass-port cell were
properly heated, whereas on Pakistani, side everybody was shivering in cold. We
enquired as to how they supplied electricity to that remote area. Answer was blunt
but simplesolar energy. They had put up few panels for solar energy and were
enjoying life. Kharan is endowed with11months bright sunlight and year round
windy weather. Wind mills propelled generating systems or solar energy panels,
without much maintenance cost can provide much needed facility to the people.
Now-a-days even solar pans have been introduced, which can save fuel wood,
thereby conserving the vegetation.
Micro Credit: Grameen Bank revolutionized life in rural Bangladesh. Target
group for small credit by Grameen Bank were rural women, who were found
active on land as well as at home. Women in Kharan are equally active, but not
as confident or independent as Bangali women. But this change should be an
objective of any organizations hoping or working for development and
prosperity of this District. These poor women use their leisure time in
embroidery and other needle work. Small credit, with personal guarantees only,
without any collateral should be advanced to women, through women for
poultry farming, embroidery; kitchen garden etc. mark-up should be very
nominal. This should be launched as a campaign. One or two stories of success,
properly propagated can bring rapid attitudinal change.
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Public-Private partnership in Education: For government running

schools in all nook and corner of the District is neither possible nor practicable
in current circumstances. When Public-private partnerships are being promoted
even in most advanced countries why not in Pakistan. Seed money, books and
other material should be provided either by government or by interested
charitable NGOs and encourage educated youth of the area, both male and
female to run these schools. Initially fee structure should be bare minimum only
general administrative expenses. Whatever is earned the governments share
should be re-ploughed back in the school. There is no reason why it should not
work. Profit motive coupled with sense of achievement will become driving
force.
Self help Schemes: Community mobilization is getting currency in rural
development. Sewerage system development, lining of water channels,
plantation etc. should be done by mobilizing community. NGOs should
introduce simple to handle and cheap to buy technology for doing these
activities. If possible some demonstration work should be done to persuade and
sell the idea. Even small animal mortality rate can be controlled by
demonstrating to them, how these animals can be disinfected.
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Land use Map o District Kharan
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Part II
Flora Survey
1. Vegetation
1.1. Flora:
In present survey about 56 plant species were observed. In these

plant species mostly were herb and tree species were low because trees
are dominant and do not vanish from surface of earth while herbs are
annual. it is expected that in season it would exceed up to double of
present data.
3.1.1. TREES
S. Botanical Name Local Name Locality Status

No
1 Tamerix indica Ghaz All Union counsels Common
2 Halixilon Da-ghaz Noroze kalat, Jingian, Common
persicum Tomolk, Raskoh, Joda
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Kalat, Garhang
3 Pistacia atlantica Gowan Joda Kalat, Sarawan, Common
Basima, Nag
4 Dilbergia sissoo Tali Kharan Union counsel Rare
5 Zizpus jujuba Kunar, Ber All UCs Common
6 Zizipus numerulia Kuner All UCs Common
7 Morus alba Tut Sarwan, Joda kalat, Common
Basima
8 Acacia arabica Kahoor Nag, Raskoh Rare
9 Olea cuspidata Khat Basima Threatened
10 Phonix Mach Nearly all Union Common
dactylifera counsels
3.1.2. SHRUB
S. Botanical Name Local Name Locality Status

No
1 Sopora mollis Sham Pista Basima, Raskoh, Nag,
Shingar
2 Withania Pnair bad All UCs Common
coagulans
3 Periploca aphylla Gishter, Raskoh, Basima, Nag, Common
Oom Shingar
4 Nerium oleander Jor Basima, Sarawan, Nag Common
5 Rhazya stricta Esharq In All U. Cs Common
6 Caragna Barhu Nag Rare
ambigua
7 Pteropyrum Karwan Raskoh, Nag Common
olivieri kush
8 Shimulk Basima Rare
9 Stockcia Kotor Basima Rare
brohivica
10 Nannorophs Pish Sarawan, Nag, Basima V Common
ritchiana
11 Tribulus alatus Sarhing In all U. Cs Common
12 Karog Tomolk Common
13 Calotropis Qarq Joda Kalat Rare
procera
14 Galonia aucheri Tusu, Tisu Tomolk Rare
3.1.3. HERBS:
S. Botanical Local Name Locality Status

No Name
1 Saccharum Kasham, kash Joda Kalat, Sarawan, Common
griffithii Basima, Nag, Raskoh,
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Shnger
2 Halixilon Turat, Samar In all U. Cs Common
salicornicum
3 Citrullus Kulkushta Joda kalat, Sarawan, Very
colocynthis Jingian, Tomolk, Raskih, Common
Garang
4 Carraluma Marmooth Tomolk, Basima, Jingian, Common
edulus Raskoh, Nag
5 Salvia Matieto Tomolk Common
cabolica
6 Kanz kaj Tomolk Common
7 Izbotak Tomolk Rare
8 Malva Pochako Basima Rare
neglecta
9 Alhagi Shinz In all U. Cs Common
mruorum
10 Peganum Kisan Kur, In all U. Cs Common
hermala Aspand,
Aspantan
11 Ferrula Sp.a Hing Tomolk, Jingian, Rare
12 Kunchid Nag Common
13 Showan gid Nag Rare
14 Pilpilo Nag Common
15 Typha Sp. Kul Basima, Nag Rare
16 Janboo Basima Common
17 Sherago Basima, Nag, Tomolk Common
18 Rethachak Basima Common
19 Charmaing Raskoh Rare
20 Chart Raskoh Common
21 Charhko Raskoh Common
22 Salvia Sp. Matieto Raskoh, Jingia, Common
Tomolk,Garang
23 Kanr kaj Raskoh, Jingia, Rare
Tomolk,Garang
24 Ferrula Sp. Hing Jingian, Garang Rare
25 Zygophyllum Aalonj Raskoh, Basima Rare
26 Iponia Sp. Kolbar In all Tomolk, Jingian, Common
Garang, Raskoh
27 Kobang Tomolk Common
28 Plantago Spaghool Jingian, Raskoh, Basima, Rare
oveta Nag
29 Mugheer Tomolk Rare
30 Proveskia Darna Tomolk, Raskoh, Jingian, Common
abrotanides Basima
31 Kunchid Tomolk Common
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32 Bar chunk Raskoh Common
1.2. Nature of urbanization/Settlement
According to 1981 census, 8.18% of the total population is the urban and 91% of
the population is living in the rural areas. Although there are rural- urban
migration. The actual extent of rural- urban population is difficult to measure.
1.3. Land tenure
According to the District census report of 1981, 98% of the housing unit were
occupied by their owners. Only 2% housing units were rent-fee. During the last
five years the tenure-ship has increased due the establishment of various
government offices in the area. Many Government offices are working in the
rented buildings.
Selection Methodology
All Union Councils where Islamic Relief is working. Classification is made

according to Hill, Desert and Plain areas:
Along the Road Away From Road

1. Noroz Kalat 1) Sarawan
2. Dadozai 2) Haji Elahi Bux
3. Jungle Rest House 3) Saeedabad
4. Patk 4) Abdul Khaliq
5. Ladgasht 5) Kohuk
6) Totazai
7) Rozezai
8) Abul Razaq
9) Jangian
10) Shaheedabad
11) Erikalag
12) Koragi
13) Kili Sajid
14) Bidrang
15) Sheraza
16) Ragha
17) Ashori
18) Sotgan
19) Saqi Chah
8.2. Selection of Samples
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To conduct Environmental study, the site selection was Very difficult. Because the
Geography of Kharan is based on three type of Eco-regions, Desert, hill and plains. The
experts decided to conduct the survey and assessment of the following areas Killi Haji
Elahi bakhsh from Joda kalat Union counsel, Village Sarawan, Nowroz Kalat from
Sarawan Union Counsil, Village Dado zai, Saeed Abad, Abdul Khaliq, Kohak, Totzai
and Rozaizai from Tomolk Union Counsel, Killi Abdul Razzaq, Jangian from Jangian
Union Counsel, Airy Kalg village from Raskoh Union Counsel, Shaheed Abad from
Grang Union Counsel, Killi Kuragi, Jangle Rest House, Sajad Faqeer Abad from Basima
UC, Village Patk, Bidrang, Sheraza rom Shinger Union counsel, Village Roghai, Ashori
from nag Union Counsel and Village Sotgan, Saqichah From Ladghasht (Maskhel) Union
Counsel.
8.3. Size of samples
Union Area of
S. No. Village Total UC
Counsel Village
1 Joda Kalat HajiElahi Bakhsh 4 sq km 4sqkm
2 Sarawan 7 Sq. km
Sarawan 15 mile
3 Noroz kalat 5 mile
4 Abdul Razaq 12 Km
Jangian 20 km
5 Jangian 8 Km
6 Dadozai Dalo 10 mile
7 Killi Bdul K haliq 22.5 mile
8 Saeed Abad 6 mile
Tomolk 51.5
9 Kohok 2 mile
10 Totazai 6 km
11 Rozaizai 5 sq. km
12 Raskoh Airy Kalag 6 mile 6mile
13 Girang Shaheed Abad 5. km 5 km
14 Kurag 30 mile
Jungle Rest
15 4 mile
Basima house 55 mile
SajadFaqeer
16 30 km
Abad
17 Sheraza 12 mile
18 Shinger Patk 20 km 30 mile
19 Bedrang 5 mile
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20 Raghai 10 km
Nag 22 mile
21 Rahmat ullah 10 mile
22 Sotgan 10 km
Ladghasht 15 km
23 Saqi chah 5 km
8.4. Survey technique

8.4.1. Interviews
A series of interviews conducted for the determination the

effects of drought. For this sake interview taken from old ones, young, educated,
uneducated, farmers, students, nomads, sheep hard, hunters, Hunting
facilitators, local game watchers and local plant sellers. Different uses of plants
were recorded. The old ones were found very informative about plant use. Hunter
told about the average loss of animals after drought. Beside this many animals
were perished after atomic radiations. Their fur and wool separate and felt skin
diseases, and in result of that they died.
8.4.2. Observations
It was observed in desert, plains and hills Ecosystems, that the conditions of all
three regions were destroyed. Biodiversity, plants and animals were rare but
some ones extinct from area. In the whole surveyed area, ten tree species,
fourteen shrub species, and thirty two species of Herbs in the area. Collectively
ten species, Halixilon persicum, Tamerix indica, Pistacia atlantica, olea
cuspidate, periploca aphylla,Zizipus nummularia, Rhazya stricta, Halixilon
salicrinicum, Gallonia aucheri and Citrullus colcynthis were common throughout
the area. In fauna, one specie of Jackle from Mashkel, seven species of Butter
fly, one folk of Sissee patriges, ten different species of Aves, three species of
Lizard, one specie of Scorpion observed. Throughout the area it was observed
that the living condition of every village was better. Instead of huts they live in
Mud made rooms. For guest they make a separate room locally called as
Baithak was specially arranged. In this room they keep their traditional and
beautiful things of house. Though they were very poor now, but found hospitable,
tea was presented in every village where we stayed for interview. The cattles
were not seen throughout the survey in any place because the drought affectsed
the cattle the most. Locally the people find no strategies for future, they mostly
depended over rain, although water table is access able in most of the areas and
the land is very fertile, smooth and able for any crop.
8.4.3. Photographs / Movies
During survey the photographs of plants, animals and important places and
Habitats were taken. Beside photographs movies of plants, animals, their habitat
and important Archaeological places, hills and all the events meeting for
interviews
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8.4.4. Plant collection
During survey it was a necessary process to collect Specimens of

plants and animals for proof and exact identification. About twelve plant
species were collected from different localities of Kharan district. No new
plant came under observation. Two types of Lizard, one species of Scorpion,
one specie of Jackal, one specie of Snake were collected during the survey.
8.4.5. Phyto-Sociological attributes
To determine the floristic composition of an area, it is an important and

necessary toll to observe its phytosociology. Line Intercept method (Canfield
1940) was used for present study. In this method, 100 feet long rope was laid in
random. No. Of individuals, frequency, relative frequency, density, relative
density and relative cover were taken
8.4.6. Ecological Attributes
Ecologically, the area has great significance because

Of there are such ancient places which are hundred of years ago. It is the
migratory rout of birds (Houbara bustard, Cranes) and habitat of costly and
endangered species of Reptiles. It is linked with two neighbor countries, Iran and
Afghanistan. Kharan is the place where all kind of minerals found. Even gold is
also found in the area. Sulpher spring in Amuri Union counsel is a source of
medicine and used by local for cure of several allergic problems and other
external diseases.
8.4.7. Soci-economic earn from Biodiversity
In Kharan district most of the people live in huts. Huts in summer made form
leaves of Nannorophs ritchiana, whichs capability to allow wind through small
holes that keep the hut cool. In winter they over lap over a blanket made of wool
of goat and sheep which relieve them from cold weather. But now the people
have no livestock and their wool. They are making rooms for this sake. The wool
of livestock was like a cash crop. They make blanket and other items and sold
and were a source of income. Kharan is a migratory rout of Houbara Bustard,
which pay a lot of income for local people. The birds worth not only provide
direct beneficiaries to local but also provide many Hospitals, Mosques, windmills,
hand pumps and costly vehicles.
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8.5. Different uses of plants in the Area:

8.5.1 Medicinal
Plants used as medicine- a source of income in the area
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Different uses of Plants in the area:

(1)
Botanical Name: Halixilon persicum
Syn. Name: Halixilon ammodendron
Local Name: Taghaz
Family: Chenopodiaceae
Flowering Period: Oct- Nov.
DESCRIPTION:
Small tree 3-4 meter high with stout rugged stem and light gray
bark. Leaves reduced, scale like, oppressed to stem.
LOCAL USES:
It is mainly used as fuel wood, timber and fodder for animals. It is

an important plant for checking soil erosion.
(2)
Local Name: Gowan (Balochi)

Botanical Name: Pistacia atlantica
Family: Anacardiaceae
Flowering Period: March-April
Type: Tree
Occurrence: Common
LOCAL USES
It is an important plant and used for planking, house construction, ceiling of roofs
and produces edible seeds of high economic value. Leaves are used as fodder
for Goat and camels. Locally use as fuel wood.
(3)
Local name: Kunar (Balochi)

Botanical Name: Ziziphus numularia
Syn. Name: Z.rotundifolia Lam.
English Name: Chinees Jujuba
Family: Rhamnaceae
Flowering period: March-July
Occurrence: Very common
Type: Shrub
MEDICINAL VALUE:
Fruits are edible and a laxative with sour taste. It is often used in digestive
system disorder. It is taken as appetizer.
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE:
Plant is used as fodder species. Branches are used for fencing. Wood of
plant is used as fuel wood.
(4)
Local name: Ber (Balochi)

Botanical Name: Ziziphus jujuba
Syn. Name: Z. salvia Gaertn.
English Name: Jujuba beries
Family: Rhamnaceae
Flowering period: Jun-July
Occurrence: Very common
Type: Deciduous tree
Local Uses:
The fruit is edible and use as blood purifier .The plant is used as fodder
species in the area. Wood is used as fuel wood and also tools for various things
are made from it. Branches are used in fencing. Fruit have well market and also
exported to other cities. The villagers gain a lot of income in respective season.
(5)
Local Name: Panir bad (Bra. Balochi)

Botanical Name: Withania coagulans
Family: Solanaceae
Flowering Period: Mostly through out the year
Type: Shrub
Occurrence: Very Common
Parts Used: Fruit, leaves and root
MEDICINAL VALUE:
Dry seeds put in water and use for abdominal pain. Seeds mix in water
and drink early in the morning for cooling purposes. Leaves, fruit and root grind
and applied over fire burn parts of body. Extract of leaves and seeds mix in water
and apply over body (Take a bath) for freckles and cooling. Seeds extract mix
with milk and use on that occasion when the whole community migrates from one
place to other place for sake of save from place changing effects.
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(6)
Local Name: Isphaghol (Balochi)

Botanical Name: Plantago ovata
Family: Plantaginaceae
Occurrence: Rare
Type: Herb
Flowering Period: Apr-May
Parts Used: Seeds
MEDICINAL VALUE:
The seeds are collected and used in dysentery when it mixed with cold
water. The mucilage (gum) obtained from the seeds is applied on forehead in
case of headache. The seeds are mixed with milk and sugar also added in
addition used for constipation, and abdominal pains. It is also used in stomach
pain.
(7)
Local Name: Gisher (Balochi), Oom (Bra)

Botanical Name: Periploca aphylla
Family: Asclepidaceae
Occurrence: Common
Type: Shrub
Flowering Period: Jun-July
Parts Used: Whole plant
Local Uses:
Branches when thin grind and make a paste and apply to the swelled and
damaged (not wound) part of human body for relief from pain. Camels commonly
graze green shrub. It is often used in roof for controlling water. Plant also used as
fuel bush. It keeps soil from erosion.
(8)
Scientific Name: Pegnum Harmala

Common Name: Aspantan (Balochi), kisan kur (Bra)
Flowering Period: March-July
Occurrence: Very Common
Parts Used: Seed and Leaves
Local Uses:
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It is used as insect repellent. It is used in abdominal pain. It is useful

in checking soil erosion.
(9)
Local Name: Pish (Balochi)

Botanical Name: Nannorrhops ritchieana
Family: Palmeae
Occurrence: Nag, Basima
Flowering Period: July-November
Type: Leafy Shrub
Parts Used: Fruit, leaves and stem
SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE:
It is an important plant and plays a vital role in the economy of poor

peoples. The leaves of the plantare used in different items making. In the area
mats, ropes, baskets, shoes, fans, caps, hats, and other things of daily use are
made from its leaves. Its leaf is Used in hut making, shelters and roof making.
The whole plant used as fuel wood. Dry leaves of pish are highly flammable and
for quick fire burning. Fruit of plant is edable.
(10)
Local Name: Pochako (Balochi)

Botanical Name: Malva neglecta
Family: Malvaceae
Type: Herb
Occurrence: Rare
Flowering period: April-May
Parts used:
Leaves and flower
MEDICINAL VALUE:
Leaves of plant are used in constipation. Fruit of plant is

edible and children ate it with special interest.
(11)
Local Name: Marmooth (Balochi)

Botanical Name: Caralluma edulis
Syn.Name: Boucerosia aucheriana. Edgew.
Family: Asclepiadaceae
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Flowering Period: March-August

Occurrence: Common.
Type: Herb
Parts Used: Whole plant
MEDICINAL VALUE:
The plant is commonly used for Diabetes. In case of constipation, the

plant grind and use with water. It is used as vegetable. It can be use both fresh
and dry.
THREATS:
Locals are up rooting the plant and it is possible that the plant from area
would disappear very soon.
9.1. Water
Union Water & Drought

S. No. Village
Counsel Before ft After(ft)
1 Joda Kalat HajiElahi Bakhsh 100 130
2 Sarawan0 100 130
Sarawan
3 Noroz kalat 10 20
4 Abdul Razaq 80 80
Jangian
5 Jangian 32 40
6 Dadozai Dalo 130 150
7 Killi Bdul K haliq 140 160
8 Saeed Abad 90 100
Tomolk
9 Kohok 75 90
10 Totazai 45 45
11 Rozaizai 95 100
12 Raskoh Airy Kalag 50 75
13 Girang Shaheed Abad 90 100
14 Kurag 18 30
Jungle Rest
15 4 10
Basima house
SajadFaqeer
16 70 90
Abad
17 Shinger Sheraza 70 100
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18 Patk 20 40
19 Bedrang 110 150
20 Raghai 150 240
Nag
21 Rahmat ullah 120 250+
22 Sotgan 8 15
Ladghasht
23 Saqi chah 8 15
9.2. Sand dunes Problem:
After drought it was observed that small bushes and plants were finished and
dried.In the result, sand dunes problem and wind storms are common in the area
through out the year. And due to blowing wind storms several kind of diseases
like, ear, nose, throat, cough, flu and eye allergy is the common in the district.
9.3. Soil erosion
Before drought small bushes to some extent wereused as fuel wood instead of
big trees. Due to deforestation and destroyed vegetation, the soil of area wsa
easily eroded by fast blowing wind. The fertile land surface could not be able for
cultivation of any crop.
9.4. Humidity loss
Due tothe lack of forests in the area, low rainfall and blowing wind, great loss has
been caused to humidity. The average maximum mean rainfall recorded in 1995
was 81.6 mm.
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9.5. Live stock
Livestock is the second most important sector in the District. It is not only a
source of income but provides nutrition also. Livestock is a source of milk, wool
and skins. In 1995 sheep were 302362, Goat 346335, Cattle 8895, and Camels
were 35512. While in 2001-2002 after drought Cattle were10326, sheep 579893,
Goat 614983, and camel were 32684.
9.6. Un employment
Unemployment is major problem in the area. The main reasons indicated the
drought because over all communities concerned with Livestock and Agriculture.
After drought ultimately people suffer directly or indirectly. Due to shortage of
water agriculture failed and due to shortage of fodder and destroyed rangelands
great shortage come in the number of Livestock. Education is very low in the
whole area. There is no other source of income established in the area.
9.7. Biodiversity loss
Before drought there were many species of plants and animals extent from area.
The habitat of birds and animal fully destroyed. Perennial streams stop and the
ultimate result great shortage came in the number of wild animals.
These are the major threats to biodiversity
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9. Energy
The major sources of energy are wood, Kerosene oil, LPG, and Electricity.
10.1. Wood
Wood is used commonly throughout the District. Although wood quantity is very
little now a days. There are two main reasons drought and deforestation. Up
rooting, is another problem, which is severe, then mentioned above both? In
present survey it was observed that only 24117 persons burn 868168 mond /
year. Detailed in table (,,).
10.2. Kerosene oil
Kerosene oil is mostly used for lightning purposes. Although the areas near to
Iran kerosene oil stoves called as Allah Din are used for heating purposes.
10.3. LPG
LPG is used in both urban and rural areas. It is smuggled from Iran as well as
brought from Quetta. When rates become high in Iran they bring it from Quetta.
LPG is available @33 Rupees/ Kg.
10.4. Electricity
Electricity in the districtis mostly available in urban areasand only20-25%of the

area has the facility of electricity. In some areas electricity is being provide by
Iran like in Mashkel Tehsil.
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Part: III
FAUNAL SURVEY OF KHARAN
INTRODUCTION:
Kharan district is located in the western part of Balochistan province. Kharan is a

part of Chagai-Kharan Desert Basin, wedged in between the Siahan Range and
Chagai-Raskoh Ranges. Physiographycally Kharan can be divided into three
main regions:
1. Mountains of Raskoh in the north and Siahan range in the South.
2. Desert region constitutes the western part of Kharan, which include
Mashkail and Jangian areas, and its western boundaries touches Iran.
Desert in the area is moving sand dunes type.
3. Plain areas with little undulation, covered with a few inches of pebbles
and underneath a soft soil. This habitat constitutes the southwestern
and central parts of Kharan, which include Tomulk, proper Kharan,
Padag, Nag, Karechi.
Ecoregionally Kharan district is a part of Balochistan Xeric Woodlands Ecoregion,

which comprises a Desert and Xeric Shrublands. Bioregionally outstanding and
critical conservation status. Kharan area also overlaps with the Northwestern
Thorn Scrub Forests which is also a Critical ecoregion on earth(Terrestrial
Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific).
Fauna of the region is Palearctic in origin. Due to diverse habitats in Kharan the
fauna of the area is also diversified. In the desert areas the reptiles dominates
the other fauna. Houbara Bustard, which was once common in the desert and
semi-desert habitat is now rare. In mountains of Kharan huge populations of
Persian Ibex and Urial were present, but now a days reportedly very few animals
are left in the inaccessible cliffs of Raskoh. In the plain areas of Nowroz Kalat,
proper Kharan, Garuk, Bado, Padag, Nag and Karechi huge populations of
Chinkara Gazelle was reported. But at present reportedly no sign of the Gazelle
is found in the area. Gul Khan Shikari of Kharan Town reported that in mid 70s
at Washuk (Tehsil of Kharan) Chinkara Gazelle flesh was sold for Rs.4/Kg.
Overall fauna of the area is in critical situation because of the clearing of forests
for fuel-wood and building purposes. If this pace of deforestation continues in the
area than after few decades loss of faunal species from the area will be
apparent. Illegal hunting of wild animals is a common practice in Kharan, which
has already exterminated the populations of Persian Ibex, Urial and Chinkara
Gazelle.
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METHODOLOGY:
First phase of the faunal survey of the area was conducted from October 23 rd,
2003 to October 26th, 2003. The area covered in the first phase was Proper
Kharan, Tomulk, Jangian, Sarawn, Nowroz Kalat and Garuk areas. Second
phase of the survey started from December 13th, 2003 to December 16th, 2003.
Areas covered in the survey were Basima, Padag, Roten Koh, Garuk, Sarawan
and Nowroz Kalat. Species identification was based on observation and
collection where necessary especially in the case of reptiles. Indirect
observations on the bases of foot prints and droppings were also conducted.
Before initiating the survey in Kharan a Checklist of species for Reptiles, Birds
and Mammals was formulated, which are mentioned in Appendix V, VI and VII
respectively.
Binocular, still camera and movie camera were used for observation of birds and
record of habitat and species. 4x4 vehicles were used for logistics.
FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY:
A total of 20 species of reptiles are reported from the area. Due to winter season
only three reptiles species were sighted during the survey and identified.
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Checklist of reptiles is listed in Appendix V and the list of species sighted during
the survey is in Appendix III. Only one amphibian was sighted during the survey
the Skittering Frog (Rana cyanophlyctis). There was no previous record of this
frog from Kharan. This will be the new addition to the checklist of Kharan.
Herpetefauna of Kharan is not well studied by the Zoologists. If detailed studies
are conducted in the area more species of herpetiles can be identified which are
recorded from other parts of Pakistan. Maynards Awl-Headed Snake
(Lytorhynchus maynardi), which is a rare and endemic species of Chagai is
reported from Kharan also. For proper inventory of herpetefauna of the area
surveys should be conducted in the month of June and July.
A total of 62 birds species are reported from the area (Appendix VI). A total of 17
birds species were observed during the survey (Appendix IV). Most of the birds
sighted during the survey were winter visitors. To confirm their status in Kharan
one survey should be conducted in spring season to know the species of birds
which breeds in Kharan and species of birds, which are only winter visitors.
Species of birds, which are not present in the previous checklist of Kharan and
observed during the survey are listed in Appendix IV with * mark. A total of 8
bird species are added to the checklist of Kharan. The status of Houbara Bustard
is critical in the area, because during the survey we were unable to see Houbara
Bustard, only at one occasion a foot print was observed. Once they were
common in Garuk plains. According to the local hunters the Arab Shaikhs are
responsible for the rapid decline of Houbara population in Kharan. Because they
hunt hundreds of Houbaras in a single bag with sophisticated vehicles and
Falcons.
The status of large mammals in Kharan is limited to the wildlife sanctuary of

Raskoh (Appendix II). According to the locals of the area only few Persian Ibex
are left in the area because they inhabit inaccessible cliffs and secondly because
the Raskoh area is declared prohibited for locals by the Pakistan Army. On
indirect observations of footprints the presence of Indian Crested Porcupine and
Asiatic Jackal was confirmed with sparse distribution in the district. According to
the local hunters the status of Urial in the Ragai Rakshan, Wildlife Sanctuary is
near to Extinction, due to illegal hunting and poaching in the wildlife sanctuary.
MAJOR ECOLOGICAL ISSUES:
Deforestation
Illegal Hunting of Wild animals
Grazing and fodder collection
Soil erosion
Desertification
Lack of awareness
Poisoning of dead animals
Lack of proper marketing of forests products
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Lack of ownership of the forests by the community
PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS:
Environmental education
Implementation of forests and wildlife laws
Supply of electricity on subsidized rates
Proper marketing of forests products
Creating a sense of ownership among people
Comprehensive ecological studies of the area
Reforestation in the degraded zone
Introduction of trophy hunting
Community managed conservation areas
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Appendix I
BIODIVERSITY OF KHARAN
No. of species No. of species Endemic Species No. of species

in Pakistan in Balochistan in Balochistan in Kharan
Amphibians 20 8 0 Data not
available
Reptiles 159 94 7 20
Mammals 182 71 2 30
Birds 666 356 0 62
Appendix II
PROTECTED AREAS OF KHARAN
WLDLIFE SANCTUARIES
S.N Name Major Fauna Date of
o. Establishment
1 Ragai Rakhshan Urial 1972
2 Raskoh Ibex, Urial 1962
Appendix III
HERPETOFAUNA SIGHTED DURING THE SURVEY IN KHARAN

AMPHIBIANS:
S. Common Scientific Name Status Locality Habitat
No. English Name
1 Skittering Frog Rana cyanophlyctis Common Sarawan Irrigation
and pond,
Nowroz perennial
Kalat river
REPTILES:
1 Striped Toad Phrynocephalus Rare Jangian Desert
Agama ornatus
2 Indian Fringe-toad Acanthodactylus Common Tomulk Semi-
Sand Lizard cantoris cantoris desert
3 Yellow-headed Agama nupta fusca Common Raskoh Mountain
Agama
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Appendix IV
BIRDS SIGHTED DURING THE FAUNAL SURVEY OF KHARAN
S. No. Common Scientific Name Status Locality Habitat

English Name
1 Bar-tailed Lark Ammomanes Common To-Mulk, Mountain
cincturus Jangian, foot-hills,
Nowroz Kalat, desert and
Kharan Town, semi-desert
Basima, Padag,
Roten-Koh,
Pishok, Garuk
2 Hoopoe Lark Alaemon Rare Jangian Semi-desert
alaudipes
3 Crested Lark Galerida cristata Common To-Mulk, Mountain
Jangian, foot-hills,
Nowroz Kalat, and semi-
Kharan Town, desert
Basima, Padag,
Roten-Koh,
Pishok, Garuk
4 Raven Corvus corax Sparse Basima, Desert,
Jangian, Kharan Semi-desert
town and
Mountain
Foot-hills
5 Common Alcedo atthis Rare Nowroz Kalat Perennial
Kingfisher* River
6 Lesser Sylvia curruca Rare Basima Town Temarix spp.
Whitethroat* Tree
7 Plain Leaf Phylloscopus Rare Basima Town Temarix spp.
Warbler * neglectus Tree
8 White Wagtail* Motacilla Common Basima town, Perennial
Padag, Nowroz River,
Kalat, Kharan Springs,
Town Karezes,
irrigated
lands
9 Houbara Chlamydotis Rare Garuk plains Mountain
Bustard macqueeni foot-hills with
Helixilon
spp.
10 Black Redstart* Phoenicurus Rare Basima, Padag Near Human
ochruros inhabitants(
Houses and
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Bazar)
11 Black Throated Turdus ruficollis Rare Padag Town Pomegranat
Thrush* e and Apple
orchard
12 Eurasian Tree Passer montanus Common Kharan town, Near human
Sparrow Basima town inhabitants
13 Water Pipits* Common Basima Water spring
14 Great Grey Lanius excubitor Rare Basima Temarix spp.
Shrike And Helixilon
spp. Forest
15 Bluethroat* Luscinia svecica Rare Kharan town Near human
inhabitants
16 Isabelline Oenanthe Rare Tomulk Sitting on
Wheatear isabellina Zizipus
numeleria
bush
17 Desert Warbler Sylvia nana Rare Jangian Desert
Appendix V
CHECKLIST OF REPTILES OF KHARAN
S.No. Common English Name Scientific Name

LIZARDS
1 Turkestan Plate-Tailed Gecko Teratoscincus scincus
2 ---------- Teratoscincus microlepis
3 Sharp-Tailed Spider Gecko Agamura femoralis
4 Grey-Toad Agama Phrynocephalus scutellatus
5 Yellow-speckled Toad Agama Phrynocephalus leuteoguttatus
6 Striped Toad Agama Phrynocephalus ornatus
SNAKES
1 Slender Blind Snake Typhlops porrectus
2 Spotted Desert Racer Coluber karelini
3 Cliff Racer Coluber rhodorachis
4 Maynards Awl-Headed Snake Lytorhynchus maynardi
5 Dark Headed Gama Snake Boiga trigonata melanocephalus
6 Pakistan Ribbon Snake Psammophis leithi
7 Afro-Asian Sand Snake Psammophis schokari
8 Dhaman Ptyas mucosus
9 Red-Spotted Diadem Snake Spalerosophis arenarius
10 Persian Diadem Snake Spalerosophis diadema
11 Indian Cobra Naja naja naja
12 Saw-Scaled Viper Echis carinatus
13 Leaf-Nosed Viper Eristicophis macmahoni
14 Indian Desert Cat Snake Telescopus rhinopoma
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Appendix VI
CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF KHARAN
NON-PASSERIFORMES
S.N Common English Name Scientific Name
o
1 Great White or Rosy Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus
2 Great Bittern Botaverus stellaris
3 Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus
4 Black-Crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
5 Little Egret Egretta garzetta
6 Great Egret Egretta alba
7 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea
8 Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans
9 Egyptian Vulture Neophron perenopterus
10 Short-Toad Eagle Circaetus gallicus
11 Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus
12 Shikra Accipiter badius cenchroides
13 White-Eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa
14 Long-Legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus
15 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax
16 Bonellis Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus
17 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus
18 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
19 Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar
20 See-See Partridge Ammoperdix griseogularis
21 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix
22 Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata
23 Cream-Coloured Courser Cursorius cursor
24 Red-Wattled Lapwing Hoplopterus indicus
25 White-Tailed Lapwing Chettusia leucura
26 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus
27 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus
28 Close-Barred Sandgrouse Pterocles lichtensteinii
29 Coronetted Sandgrouse Pterocles coronattus
30 Spotted Sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus
31 Black-Bellied or Imperial Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis
32 Rock Pigeon Columba liva
33 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
34 Northern Eagle Owl Bubo bubo
35 European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus
36 Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater Merops superciliosus
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37 European Bee-Eater Merops apiaster

38 Hoopoe Upupa epops
PASSERIFORMES
o
1 Bar-Tailed or Black-Tailed Lark Ammomanus cincturus
2 Hoopoe Lark Alaemon alaudipes
3 Humes Short-Toed Lark Calandrella acutirostris
4 Crested Lark Galerida cristata
5 Small Skylark Alauda gulgula
6 Common Skylark Alauda arvensis
7 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
8 Indian or Long-Billed Rock Pipit Anthus similes
9 White-Cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys
leucotis
10 Pied Stonechat Saxicola caprata
11 Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina
12 Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti
13 Finschs Wheatear Oenanthe finschii
14 Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata picata
15 Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata rama
16 Desert Warbler Sylvia nana
17 Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis
18 Rufous-Backed Shrike Lanius schach
19 Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor
20 Raven Corvus ruficollis
21 Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus
22 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer Montanus
23 House or Striolated Bunting Emberiza striolata
24 Black-Headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala
Appendix VII
CHECKLIST OF MAMMALS OF KHARAN
S.No. Common English Name Scientific Name

1 Brandts Steppic Hedgehog Paraechinus hypomelas
hypomelas
2 Zarudnys Shrew Crocidura zarudnyi
3 Least Mouse-Tailed Bat Rhinopoma muscatellum
4 Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolopus ferrumequinum
5 Trident Leaf-Nosed Bat Asellia tridens
6 Notch-Eared Bat Myotis emerginatus
7 Sindh Bat Eptesicus nasutus
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8 Kuhls Pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii

9 Grey Wolf Canis lupus
10 Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus
11 Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes griffithi
12 Blanfords Fox Vulpes cana
13 Marbled Polecat Vormela peregusna
14 Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena
15 Jungle Cat Felis chaus
16 Caracal Felis caracal
17 Chinkara Gazelle Gazella bennettii
18 Persian Wild Goat Capra aegagrus
19 Cape Hare Lepus capensis
20 Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica
21 Small Five-Toed Jerboa Allactaga elater
22 Hotsons Five-Toed Jerboa Allactega hotsoni
23 House Rat Rattus rattus
24 House Mouse Mus muscullus
25 Mouse-Like Hamster Calomyscus bailwardi
26 Migratory Hamster Cricetulus migratorius
27 Balochistan Gerbil Gerbillus nanus
28 Indian Gerbil Tatera indica
29 Libyan Jird Meriones libycus
30 Sundevalls Jird Meriones crassus
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Part IV:
Future Intervention
Early Disaster Management for District Kharan
Drought Impacts and Coping Mechanisms
Recurring drought-induced food insecurity is a serious development issue in arid,

semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas. Drought is a slow onset natural hazard and
offers opportunity and time to mitigate its impact. The transition from
meteorological to hydrological and then agricultural drought constitutes its basic
consequences. The deterioration of drought conditions over a period of time
leads to famine, the ultimate consequence of drought.
The household response pattern to food crisis generally involves a succession of

stages along a continuum of coping that runs from risk minimization, absorption
and risk-taking to survive. Risk minimization and absorption strategies are those
through which households preserve their productive assets to recover in another
season after the drought. These are reversible strategies. Risk taking to survive
strategies are those when a households position is so desperate that they
sacrifice future security for present survival. These are all less reversible
strategies, which leave households worse than before.
Identification of Indicators for Early Warning
Various indicators appear broadly, sequentially reflecting the extent and depth of
household stresses. Agro-climatic indicators are leading indicators that reflect the
initial signs of risk minimization strategies adopted by households. Market
socioeconomic indicators are concurrent and denote risk absorption strategies.
Late anthropometric indicators reflect survival symptoms.
The objective of designing an early warning system is to keep track of leading

indicators to get ample lead-time to intervene at the drought onset phase itself,
compared to early warning systems designed to capture concurrent or late
indicators. However, most interventions based on late indicators force
governments to adopt a crisis management approach to dealing with drought-
induced food insecurity stresses. There are many deficiencies in this approach;
and in the long-run it does not reduce vulnerability to drought.
Evolving Early Warning Systems in Study area
Studies in drought management approaches in the last hundred years reveal that
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Study area relied too heavily on crisis management approaches before and
during the pre-independence era. However, after the experience of tackling the
drought-induced food crisis, serious efforts were made to replace ad hoc crisis
management relief interventions with an anticipatory drought management
approach.
A drought management approach differs from a relief approach with regard to

objectives, reliance on early warning indicators and timing of public intervention.
Thus the drought management approach aims at ensuring food production,
relying on leading agro-climatic indicators, like rainfall, water level in reservoirs
and progress of cropping pattern, to detect early signs of a developing drought
situation.
A drought forecasting system is required to be established to monitor the impact

of the crop conditions and to suggest corrective measures to minimize crop
losses. The National Early Warning System at federal and provincial levels be
has an integrated drought forecasting and monitoring system. It is structured to
provide operational and retrospective intelligence for constant information update
based on feedback on the impact of intervention measures. This early warning
system offered a lead-time of five months before the appearance of distress
indicators in December-January. This was evident in the management of a
severe multi-year drought during 1985-87 in case India (Web site Info.).
There are two components of the National Early Warning System: drought
forecasting and drought monitoring. The drought forecasting function is to carry
out by the Provincial Government, which meets during the monsoon period from
June to September. It monitors the impact of the monsoon on agricultural
operations and also suggests corrective measures to minimize any possible
adverse impact of aberrant monsoon conditions on crop production as per the
standing plan. This triggers the operationalization of an emergency contingency
action plan for drought management, which envisages institutional arrangements
and operating procedures for the drought monitoring system. In case of Kharan
District it will be more beneficial.
Early Warning System at Work:
The Government was able to assess the potential impact of the long dry spell of
July-August 2002 and suggested appropriate intervention.
It must be stressed that in 1992, early warning systems were successful in

"sounding the alarms" with respect to the drought emergency in African
Countries. The message went out not only from the early warning system but
also through the other Government's Famine Early Warning System. Responses
to those alerts, however, varied considerably at the national, regional, and
international levels. While some governments took prompt action to mobilize
resources for the emergency, a number of them lost valuable time before
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developing a national strategy or formally appealing for assistance. Although the

US Government took steps very quickly to supply food to the region, many
donors waited until the full extent of the drought had been confirmed.
At the onset of the 1991-92 drought, few countries in southern Africa had
established disaster management capabilities. The drought served as a focus for
national and local governments to work toward building a coordinated emergency
response. A concern was expressed, similar to those expressed following other
drought emergencies - that the emergency coordination structures were
demobilized prematurely. Experience that has been gained in a given drought
episode is soon lost, as individuals seconded for these activities are redeployed
to other emergency situations, and whatever management capacity (albeit
limited) that did exist soon becomes dissolved.
In an effort to assist the governments to create and maintain quick-response

capacities and effective emergency coordination mechanisms, responses were
assessed to the drought by its member Districts and organized a series of District
and provincial workshops to focus on the identified strengths and weaknesses in
order to set an agenda for future preparedness action.
Of the principal natural disasters, drought is unique in terms of the length of time
between the first indications that a drought may be developing and the point at
which it begins to have an impact on populations of the affected areas. Although
it cannot be prevented, its impact can certainly be lessened through properly
designed and implemented preparedness measures. The initiative builds on and
complements efforts in the District by the Government working with, UN, and
Non-Governmental Organization partners to develop area specific disaster
management plans.
In preparing the Government appeal, it was clear that the Kharans drought was
not a one-dimensional emergency that could have been resolved by food aid
alone. Donor assistance was also needed in order to prevent deterioration in the
health and water sectors, in protecting livestock, and in ensuring the availability
of agricultural inputs for the planting of crops for the next growing season. In this
type of emergency, all partners in a relief effort must look closely at ways to
reduce longer-term societal and household vulnerability and not simply to
respond to a drought episode as an isolated crisis to be resolved on an ad hoc
basis. They are recurrent phenomena.
Policy at both the District and provincial levels must be redirected to incorporate
planning for recurring drought. In recognition of the fact that drought has the
potential to nullify rather rapidly hard-earned development gains and to impose
severe costs, not only on groups that are directly affected, but also on the wider
economy as a whole, donors and international financial institutions must
encourage drought-prone countries to view drought management in the context
of their longer-term development objectives.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 69 of 121
Similarly, there is a need to take a closer look at the possible implications of

economic reform in the development context and the relationship to longer-term
drought (as well as other disaster) mitigation activities. The concern was
expressed that structural adjustment programs may have reduced the capacity of
governments in the area to support economic diversification, thereby increasing
their vulnerability.
While development-based mitigation must be seen as a priority, it is also equally

important not to re-invent the wheel. A substantial body of knowledge already
exists in the Study area, and elsewhere, on natural resource management and
on agricultural research such as drought-resistant crop varieties. In efforts to
foster District cooperation, the study proposes to promote collaboration in the
Districts -wide capacity building, information exchange, and partnership with a
focus on natural disasters and complex emergencies. Attention must be paid to
the optimal utilization of available scarce resources.
One obvious, but necessary, statement is that preparedness capacities must be

developed through an integrated multi-sectoral approach. Importantly,
preparedness plans for clean water supplies and for the strengthening of the
health infrastructure. The recent droughts is highlighted a number of structural
needs in the health sector that were directly relevant to the effectiveness of
emergency relief operations. The absence of quality baseline data was one of the
factors which led to problems in targeting beneficiaries (e.g., at-risk groups)
during the relief phase.
It is important that partnerships forged among governments, regional

organizations, the UN, and governmental and nongovernmental donors to
combat Provincial drought be sustained to improve the quality of disaster
preparedness, including early warning and response. Finding adequate
resources required will not be easy. Both donors and national governments
themselves must be convinced to invest in preparedness. Failing to do so
ignores the reality that drought not only increases food insecurity but carries the
potential for serious social, political, and economic disruptions. This is one of
those very important lessons learned that must be applied.
Keeping in view the above discussion and data collected at union council levels,
following recommendations are made:
Establishment of District Early Warning Disaster (EWD) Committee

Establishment of EWD funds
EWD Plan/Strategy to address possible hazards to avoid suffering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Dry Land Management

Drylands offer an especially fruitful opportunity for the application of the
ecosystem approach. Lessons learned from its use in the drylands can be of
value as a guide for informed policy development and decision-making in other
fora. In the course of the presentations and the rich discussions under Part
(Flora report), the following key topics emerged:
The low and erratic productivity in the drylands means that large areas are
used extensively rather than small areas intensively. Consequently,
decision-makers seeking to understand and address drylands issues,
should consider large areas, and be particularly aware of annual and multi-
annual time cycles.
The complex linkage between wetlands and drylands is rarely taken into
account in agricultural development policies and donor interventions. The
tendency to invest in the wetlands - clustering intensive agriculture,
irrigation schemes and other investment there, often results in wetlands
development at the expense of already marginal drylands whose
production systems are dependent seasonally or in other ways on those
wetlands. There is also a tendency for outsiders to grab these wetlands-in-
drylands and put them to uses that exclude traditional users (e.g.,
transhumant pastoralists and nomadic users). As a result, drylands users
may be forced into a choice between degrading their resources or giving
up their livelihood. In one example, Narok pastoralists in Kenya, who must
have access to high land for grazing in the dry season, have been confined
to the plains year-round by the conversion of higher lands to wheat
cultivation.
The relationship between urban wellbeing and rural livelihoods and

sustainability has changed greatly in recent years, and continues to evolve.
Decisions relating to (and affecting) drylands are most effective if they are
based on an understanding of this interrelationship. Although rural-urban
linkages sometimes impose constraints in the kinds of mechanisms that
are used for drylands management, they offer important opportunities for
achieving the objective.
Indigenous knowledge is a very important source of local science and

technology. It is also a constant source of tools for adaptation to change.
Through their shared as well as separate experiences, both women and
men make important contributions which should be recognized and valued.
By integrating traditional and local knowledge and practices with modern
technology, we may be able to find innovative solutions to dryland
management problems.
It is important to find an appropriate mechanism for recognition of the

importance of gender in dryland management. Options include the
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 71 of 121
establishment of a permanent inter-institutional mechanism to facilitate

continuous attention to gender-sensitive approaches at all levels of
implementation of the UNCCD, exploring the possibility of integrating the
issues in the agenda of the UN inter-agency task force on gender.
The ecosystem approach is, at base, a process of building effective

management over large areas, from the bottom up. Using it encourages a
broader view by those engaged in on-the-ground drylands management,
not only by expanding consideration geographically, but also by exploring
interlinkages with other sectors, activities, policies and strategies.
In its work, the Conference of Parties may find it useful to distinguish

between drylands management in less developed countries with a high
percentage (70% or more) of their populations in rural areas, and middle-
income countries where a similar percentage live in towns and cities,
leaving drylands and other rural areas less habited. Larger drylands
populations use that ecosystem more and in varied ways, necessitating a
more challenging balancing process. They also provide many more people
within the area who can serve as protectors and managers of that
ecosystem. Consequently, there is no one size fits all approach to
ecosystem management.
It is important to note the barriers to investment, and to lift disincentives to

local investment in drylands management. Such measures may have a
more substantial positive effect in the drylands than any donor financing.
This may include addressing property rights issues, and conditions
governing market access of dryland products.
The impact of local trade for poor farmers and the environment needs to be
addressed by trade partners and donors in order to find viable solutions to
the problems affecting drylands areas.
At present, none of the multilateral environmental policy (either at District

or provincial level) comprehensively address the full range of issues
relating to rural development.
It is direly needed that agricultural and forestry practices must be

environmentally friendly and sustainable.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 72 of 121
Land Resource and Livelihood Improvements:

Land degradation has emerged as a major factor hindering sustainable rural
livelihoods, particularly in resource constrained areas (like Kharan) which support
substantial percentage of the total rural population. Thousands hectares of
rainfed and irrigated agricultural lands are lost to production every year due to
severe land degradation, among other factors.
Land degradation perpetuates the vicious cycle of poverty. Food insecurity and
low income earning capacity undermine the rural poor's capacity for investment
to increase their land and labor productivity. Inappropriate land management,
particularly in areas with high population densities and growth rates, further
increases loss of productivity. This in turn affects food security and the potential
for rural on and off-farm income generation.
The challenge for the District reveal out of the study is to develop land
management to increase the availability of high-quality and fertile lands in areas
where population growth is high, poverty is endemic, and existing institution
capacities are weak. The aim of survey is to share knowledge on the technical,
social, institutional and policy interventions needed to improve land resources
management in the District to improve upon the socio-economic conditions.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 73 of 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. . Ali, S and S.Dolton, 1985: A Pictorial Guide to The Birds of the Indian
Subcontinent.
2. Ali. S and S. Dillon 1989 (a)rds of India and Pakistan
3. Ali, S and S.Dolton, 1989 (b) Birds of India and Pakistan.
4. Ali, S. and S. Dillon 1995 : A Pictorial Guide to The Birds of the Indian
Subcontinent
5. Baquar, S. R. 1995: Trees of Pakistan, Published at Royal Book Publisher
Karachi, Pakistan.
6. Burkill, I. H. 1969: A working list of the flowering plants of Balochistan,
Printed at the west Pakistan Government Press, Karachi
7. Eric. W, et al 2000: Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific
8. Faiz, T. M. et al 1997: District Profile of Chaghi District, Printed at Quetta
Printing Press, Quetta.
9. Grimmett. R, et al 1998: Birds of the Indian Subcontinent.
10. GOB and IUCN 2000: Balochistan Conservation Strategy, 2000
11. Grimmet, R et al 1998: Birds of Indian Sub-Continent
12. Khan, M. S. 1998: Drug plants of Balochistan, Published at Latif Abad
No. 7, Haidar Abad, Pakistan
13. Malik, A., 2002: Preliminary Ethno botanical Study of Nushki Tehsils,
M. Sc. Thesis University of Balochistan, Quetta
14. Qureshi J.I and Akram S.M. 1993: Taxonomic Studies on the Snakes of
Balochistan
15. Qurishi, J.I and Sufi, M. A, 1992-93: Taxonomic Studies on the Snakes of
Balochistan.
16. Roberts, T.J 1997: the Mammals of Pakistan, Printed at Oxford University
Press, Karachi.
17. Roberts, T.J, 1991: The Birds of Pakistan Vol I, ii, Printed at Oxford
University Press, Karachi
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 74 of 121
18. Roberts, T. J. 1995: Wild Flowers of Pakistan, printed at Oxford

University Press, Karachi.
19. Robert T.J. 1995: The Birds of Pakistan, Vol: 2, printed at Oxford
University Press, Karachi..
20. Tareen, R. B. et al 2001-2002: Development and Propagation Medicinal
Plants in Balochistan, Forest Department and University of Balochistan,
Quetta.
21. Yahya, A. M. 2003: An Ethno Botanical Study of Musakhel Area, M. Sc.
Thesis, University of Balochistan, Quetta.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 75 of 121
CHECKLIST OF PLANTS OF DISTRICT CHAGHI AND

KHARAN
3rd October 2003
S.No
Name
Local
al Name
Botanic
al
Medicin
Timber
Wood
Fuel
Value
Social
Fodder
Other
Status
Pattern
1 Kiker, Acacia
Babar arabica
2 Boai Achillea
Madran santolina
3 Shinz, Zoz Alhagi
maurorum
4 Piaz Allium cepa
5 Peemluk Allium
griffithium
6 Zher Artimisia
meritima
7 Khafkhand Capparis
er, spinosa
Khawarg
8 Tor sag/ Chenopodiu
Madela m album
9 Kulkushta, Citrullus
Karigiri colocynthis
10 Kootigh, Citrullus
Hindwana lanatus
11 Dhania Coriandrum
satium
12 Galove, Cucumis
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 77 of 121
Khattakai melo
13 Gwaja, Cynodon
Gwajag dactylon
14 Gajjir Daucus
carota
15 Khaksheer Descurainea
Sophia
16 Garbusth, Lepidium
Buska aucheri
17 Naromb Ephedra
intermedia
18 Sehuna Euphorbia
ostridges
19 Thorai Luffa
cylendrica
20 Pochko, Malva
Kargotikai neglecta
21 Nim Melia
azedarach
22 Giyawani Mentha
poorchink longifolia
23 Purchenk Mentha
spicata
24 Tut Morus alba
25 Gandalai, Neruium
Jaur, oleander
Ganderi
26 Alucha Prunus
domestica
27 Pichlee, Partulaca
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 78 of 121
Kulpa oleracea
28 Aspend, Peganum
Hermal, harmala
Kisankur
29 Hum, Periploca
Hasan buti aphylla
30 Gwan, Pistacia
Shanae khinjuk
31 Spagool Plantago
Madah lanceolata
32 Piddarri, Plantago
Barthang oveta
33 Sheerkau , Polygonum
Sheergo aviculare
34 Ispaidar Polpulus
alba
35 Alshwarg, Rhazya
Eshark, stricta
Hezwarg
36 Kashim, Saccharum
Kash griffithii
37 Matato Salvia
cabolica
38 Chamimm Salvia
ar, santolinifolia
chamma
39 Thor Solanum
angoor, nigrum
Angun,
Karezgi
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 79 of 121
40 Kirri Tamerix
articulata
41 Ghaz Tamarix
oxphylla
42 Karpola, Teucrium
Kalpora stocksianum
43 Sarhing Tribulus
terretris
44 Moize, Vitis venifera
Angoor
45 Ber, Kunar Ziziphus
jujuba
46 Injeer Ficus carica
47 Daneechk, Plantago
Barthang major
48 Anar Punica
granatum
49 Hing Ferrula
foetida
50 Karawag, Fagonia
Karkawa arabica
51 Gangu, Hertia
Mungli intermedia
52 Koheebha Hyoscyamus
ng, insanus
Kohbana
53 Rawash Rheum ribes
54 Awishk, Withania
Kweti, coagulans
Panirband
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 80 of 121
55 Nadah, Cymbopoga
Hawe n
jawarancusa
56 Pish Nannorophs
ritchiana
57 Simsok Nepeta
glamerulosa
58 Taghaz Haoxylon
amodendron
59 Karak Calotrppis
procera
60 Khusbo Perovskia
Purchunk abrotanoides
61 Maur Salvia
agyptiaca
62 Koh-e- Hyocymus
Bhung muticus
63 Kaled Capparis
aphylla
64 Babur Prosopis
spicigera
65 Marmotk Caralluma tuberculata
66 Charamain Trichodesma indicum
g
67 Karwan Pteropyrum olivieri
kash
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 81 of 121
CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF KHARAN

o
NON-PASSERIFORMES
1 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis
2 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
3 Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus
4 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis
5 Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus
6 Greylag Goose Anser anser
7 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna
8 Wigeon Anas penelope
9 Gadwall Anas strepera
10 Common Teal Anas crecca
11 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos
12 Northern Pintail Anas acuta
13 Shoveler Anas clypeata
14 Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris
15 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina
16 Common Pochard Aythya ferina
17 White-eyed Pochard Anthya nyroca
18 Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula
19 Goosander Mergus merganser
20 Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus
21 Saker Falcon Falco cherrug
22 Peregrine Falco peregrinus
23 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio prophyrio
24 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra
25 Great Bustard Otis tarda
26 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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27 Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta

28 Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus
29 Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor
30 White-tailed Lapwign Chettusia leucura
31 Green Plover Vanellus vanellus
32 Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus
33 Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus
34 Sykess or Sindh Nightjar Caprimulgus mahrattensis
35 Alpine Swift Apus melba
36 Great White or Rosy Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus
37 Great Bittern Botaverus stellaris
38 Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus
39 Black-Crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
40 Little Egret Egretta garzetta
41 Great Egret Egretta alba
42 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea
43 Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans
44 Egyptian Vulture Neophron perenopterus
45 Short-Toad Eagle Circaetus gallicus
46 Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus
47 Long-Legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus
48 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax
49 Bonellis Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus
50 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus
51 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
52 Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar
53 See-See Partridge Ammoperdix griseogularis
54 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix
55 Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata
56 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 84 of 121
57 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos

58 Close-Barred Sandgrouse Pterocles lichtensteinii
59 Coronetted Sandgrouse Pterocles coronattus
60 Spotted Sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus
61 Black-Bellied or Imperial Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis
62 Large Pin-Tailed Sandgrouse Pterocles alchata
63 Rock Pigeon Columba liva
64 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
65 Northern Eagle Owl Bubo bubo
66 European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus
67 Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater Merops superciliosus
68 European Bee-Eater Merops apiaster
69 Hoopoe Upupa epops
70 Scaly-Bellied Green Woodpecker Picus squamatus
PASSERIFORMES
1 Sand Martin Riparia riparia
2 Bar-Tailed or Black-Tailed Lark Ammomanus cincturus
3 Hoopoe Lark Alaemon alaudipes
4 Humes Short-Toed Lark Calandrella acutirostris
5 Crested Lark Galerida cristata
6 Small Skylark Alauda gulgula
7 Common Skylark Alauda arvensis
8 Pale Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula
9 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
10 Indian or Long-Billed Rock Pipit Anthus similes
11 Pied Stonechat Saxicola caprata
12 Shrike Bulbul Hypocolius ampelinus
13 Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos
14 White-fronted Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus
15 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 85 of 121
16 Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka

17 Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina
18 Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti
19 Finschs Wheatear Oenanthe finschii
20 Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata picata
21 Humes Wheatear Oenanthe alboniger
22 Moustached Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon
23 Blyths Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum
24 Indian Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus
25 Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata rama
26 Desert Warbler Sylvia nana
27 Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis
28 Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus
29 Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sitta tephronota
30 BayBacked Shrike Lanius vittatus
31 Rufous-Backed Shrike Lanius schach
32 Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor
33 Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor
34 Raven Corvus ruficollis
35 Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus
36 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer Montanus
37 Scrub Sparrow Passer moabiticus
38 House or Striolated Bunting Emberiza striolata
39 Black-Headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala
40 Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 86 of 121
Appendix VIII
CHECKLIST OF MAMMALS OF KHARAN
S.No Common English Name Scientific Name

.
1 Afghan Hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus
2 Brandts Steppic Hedgehog Paraechinus hypomelas
hypomelas
3 Zarudnys Shrew Crocidura zarudnyi
4 Least Mouse-Tailed Bat Rhinopoma muscatellum
5 Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolopus ferrumequinum
6 Notch-Eared Bat Myotis emerginatus
7 Sindh Bat Eptesicus nasutus
8 Kuhls Pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii
9 Grey Wolf Canis lupus
10 Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus
11 Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes griffithi
12 Blanfords Fox Vulpes cana
13 Rueppalls Sand Fox Vulpes rueppellii (New Record
From Kharan)
14 Marbled Polecat Vormela peregusna
15 Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena
16 Jungle Cat Felis chaus
17 Sand Cat Felis margarita
18 Caracal Felis caracal
19 Chinkara Gazelle Gazella bennettii
20 Goitred Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa
21 Persian Wild Goat Capra aegagrus
22 Cape Hare Lepus capensis
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 87 of 121
23 Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica

24 Balochistan Pigmy Jerboa Salpingotus michaelis
25 Small Five-Toed Jerboa Allactaga elater
26 Hotsons Five-Toed Jerboa Allactega hotsoni
27 Blanfords Jerboa Jaculus blanfordi
28 House Rat Rattus rattus
29 House Mouse Mus muscullus
30 Migratory Hamster Cricetulus migratorius
31 Balochistan Gerbil Gerbillus nanus
32 Indian Hairy-footed Gerbil Gerbillus gleadowi
33 Indian Gerbil Tatera indica
34 Libyan Jird Meriones libycus
35 Sundevalls Jird Meriones crassus
36 Great Girbil Rhombomys opimus
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 88 of 121
THREATS ANALYSIS DISTRICT Kharan (WATER) 24/ 12/ 03

Threats Reasons Strength Solution
Stoppage of rain Drought Due to rain all lands able for cultivation Awareness raising campaign for
water Deforestation sustainable use of Natu5ral
Growing of bushes Resources
Deforestation and low Good lives stock Low water up-taking plants should be
Underground water No. of forests and Shortage in storms grown, Dames after every 40 miles
shortage bushes Increase in wealth of community Delay action dames
Increase in seeds of plants
Increase in Unsustainable use of Increase in number of birds Family planning methods should apply
population water Medicinal plants could grow, useful for
animals and as well as for livestock.
RANGELANDS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 89 of 121
Forests
Worms / insects After low rain Rain in much quantity
Drought Bad wills, deforestation Help and support
Shortage of water Deforestation Good wills,
Fast winds Lack of trees in desert due to wind A forestation
Diseases blowing bushes and herbs came
Deforestation under sand and diseases spread Employment
Livestock of Afghan Refugees Drought Electricity
Un employment Self protection
Burden of Livestock Gas
Cutting of wood with out Un employment, Arrival of Afghan Forest catch rain, the Active forest department
any resistance refuges, Forest department enactive example rain in
Raskoh, and
Our wills, Allah un happy Ahmedwall, because
Continued drought forest like magnet. Participatory based
Social evils, Afghan refuges, No management of forests
Increase in population rules Source of income+, Alternate source of fuel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 90 of 121
Poverty, water shortage, alternate fodder fro animals wood, A forestation

source of fuel wood Timber, fuel wood Govt. should raise forest like
Lack of awareness in Iran, bane on
Wild life, Medicinal Deforestation
plants
WILDLIFE
Hunting Fun, meat, Medicine Endemic species of Appeal from Islamic Relief
Domestic animals, threat of birds and animals to contact Government for
Carnivores found only in Chaghi sake of bane over hunting
Deforestation Birds for fighting and fro best voice district Bane on deforestation
Lack of awareness Dangerous snake Watch man
Lack of source of water Trophy of animals fixing on walls Participatory committee for
Lose concentration of Bitten of lizard for sake of reward protection of wild life
forest department Owl killed for Taweez Cooperation of District
Lack of fund Kill Crocodile for sake of fear Government
Bane from Government,
prison and fine 50 thousand
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 91 of 121
DAILY ASSESSMENT SHEET FAUNA
S.No. Date & Time Local name of Zoological Locality/Ha Special

Fauna sighted Name bitat Commen
ts
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 93 of 121
Appendix..
Socio-Ecological Data Collection Questionnaire
Date
District Tehsil
Union Council Village
Dependence on
natural
resources
Type of Forest Rangeland

wilderness area( Other
in acres)
Status of State land Communal land

wilderness area( Protected area Other
in acres)
Services with usage ( Subsistence = S; Commercial = C; Fun

=F)
Timber Fuel wood
Fodder
Wildlife Medicinal plants
Water
Mineral Other
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 94 of 121
Water
Ground water Present
Historical
1. Avg depth
2. Quality
3. Increase /
Decline rate
Stream flow Present

Historical
1. Frequency
2. Quality
3. Intensity
4. Stream type
(seasonal / perennial)
Spring Present
Historical
1. Number
2. Quality
3. Flow
4. Type
Tube-wells Present
Historical
1. Number
2. Avg depth
3. Water level
(decline / increase rate)
4. Water Quality
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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5. Flow
6. Type
(Electric / Diesel /
Draught)
Problems
Solutions
Social Tradition Norms
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 96 of 121
Rains Present
Historical
1. Intensity
2. Frequency
3. Distribution
Problems
Wind
Local
nomenclature
Characteristic Present
Historical
1. Intensity
2. Change in dynamics
3. Distribution
Problems
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Sand dune problem
Temperature Present
Historical
1. Intensity
Problems
Social Tradition
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 98 of 121
Forest / Range
lands
Livestock
population
Cattle
Camels
Sheep
Goats
Horses
Donkey
Poultry
Other
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 99 of 121
Livestock 1. Preference (Quality / Quantity)

management 2. Average herd size
3. No. of herds
4. New Livestock improvement
technique
5. Traditional LS imp technique
6. Feeding (grazing / stall feeding)
Range resource 1. Total range area

2. Type
3. Range condition
4. Grazing practice
5. Location / distance
6. Availability of fodder
7. Any fodder shortage
8. Causes of fodder shortage
9. Any local rules for grazing
10. Any traditional range protection
/ improvement approach
Nomads 1. Are nomads use your area

2. For how much period
3. No. of their LS
4. Do you get incentives
5. In what form (cash / kind)
6. Impact of such use
Fuel wood 1. Quantity utilized

a. Winter
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 100 of 121
b. Summer
2. Purchased/acquired
a. From market
b. From range/forest area
Medicinal plants
Types
Quantity harvested
Use
1. Local use
2. Sold
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 101 of 121
Wildlife
Present in your Heard Sighted

area A. Mammals
B. Birds
C. Reptiles
Hunting /
Self Heard Seen
poaching
Are people hunt Themselves To facilitate others
Why people do Fun Fur Meat

hunt Money Other
Problems
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 102 of 121
Solutions
Social Tradition/ Norms
Surveyors name
signature
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 103 of 121
Appendix
Socio-Ecological Data Collection Questionnaire
Date
District Tehsil
Union Council Village
Dependence on
natural
resources
Type of Forest Rangeland

wilderness area( Other
in acres)
Status of State land Communal land

wilderness area( Protected area Other
in acres)
Services with usage ( Subsistence = S; Commercial = C; Fun

=F)
Timber Fuel wood
Fodder
Wildlife Medicinal plants
Water
Mineral Other
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 104 of 121
Water
Ground water Present
Historical
4. Avg depth
5. Quality
6. Increase /
Decline rate
Stream flow Present

Historical
5. Frequency
6. Quality
7. Intensity
8. Stream type
Spring Present
Historical
5. Number
6. Quality
7. Flow
8. Type
Tube-wells Present
Historical
7. Number
8. Avg depth
9. Water level
(decline / increase rate)
10. Water Quality
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 105 of 121
11. Flow
12. Type
(Electric / Diesel /
Draught)
Problems
Solutions
Social Tradition Norms
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 106 of 121
Rains Present
Historical
4. Intensity
5. Frequency
6. Distribution
Problems
Wind
Local
nomenclature
Characteristic Present
Historical
4. Intensity
5. Change in dynamics
6. Distribution
Problems
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 107 of 121
Sand dune problem
Temperature Present
Historical
2. Intensity
Problems
Social Tradition
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 108 of 121
Forest / Range
lands
Livestock
population
Cattle
Camels
Sheep
Goats
Horses
Donkey
Poultry
Other
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 109 of 121
Livestock 7. Preference (Quality / Quantity)

management 8. Average herd size
9. No. of herds
10. New Livestock improvement
technique
11. Traditional LS imp technique
12. Feeding (grazing / stall feeding)
Range resource 11. Total range area

12. Type
13. Range condition
14. Grazing practice
15. Location / distance
16. Availability of fodder
17. Any fodder shortage
18. Causes of fodder shortage
19. Any local rules for grazing
20. Any traditional range protection
/ improvement approach
Nomads 7. Are nomads use your area

8. For how much period
9. No. of their LS
10. Do you get incentives
11. In what form (cash / kind)
12. Impact of such use
Fuel wood 3. Quantity utilized

a. Winter
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 110 of 121
b. Summer
4. Purchased/acquired
a. From market
b. From range/forest area
Medicinal plants
Types
Quantity harvested
Use
3. Local use
4. Sold
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 111 of 121
Wildlife
Present in your Heard Sighted

area D. Mammals
E. Birds
F. Reptiles
Hunting /
Self Heard Seen
poaching
Are people hunt Themselves To facilitate others
Why people do Fun Fur Meat

hunt Money Other
Problems
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 112 of 121
Solutions
Social Tradition/ Norms
Surveyors name
signature
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 113 of 121
Survey Team/People who contributed
Dr Rasool Bukhsh Tareen
Associate Professor, Botany Dept. UoB Quetta
Mr. Jamal Abdul Nasir
Lecturer Zoology: Govt Degree College Quetta
Mr. Abdul Jabbar
Regional Head: WWF-P Quetta
Mr Mahfooz
Director NIPA Quetta
Ali Imran
Deputy Conservator of Forest,
Co-ordination, Research and Training Quetta
Rao Javed Iqbal
Programme Co-ordinator Islamic Relief Quetta
Mr. Muhammad Yahya Musakhel
Environmental Study Consultant
Islamic Relief Quetta
Mr Ali Dost
Filed Officer Islamic Relief (Dalbandine Office) Nushki
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 114 of 121
Consultative Group for Environmental Survey of District Kharan
Name Organization Designation

Dr. Saleem Sherani Forest and Wildlife Chief Conservator of
Department, Balochistan Forest
Mr. Manzoor Ahmed Forest and Wildlife Conservator Forest
Department, Balochistan Balochistan Quetta
Mr. Abdul Jabbar World Wide Fund For Nature- Regional Head
Pakistan, Quetta.
Mr. Javeed Rao Islamic Relief-Pakistan. Program Officer
Quetta.
Mr. Ali Imran Forest and Wildlife Deputy conservator of
Department, Balochistan Forests Balochistan.
Mr. Arbab Yahya Forest and Wildlife Ex. DFO. Forest
Department, Balochistan
Mr. Hamid Forest and Wildlife Ex. DFO. Forest
Department, Balochistan
Mr. Mohammed Yehya Islamic Relief-Pakistan. Environmental Study
Musakhel Quetta. Consultant
Shiekh Irshad Forest and Wildlife Ex-Chief Conservator
Department, Balochistan of Forest, Balochistan
Quetta
Captain Javed UN Progarm Facilitator
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 115 of 121
How the idea was concede?

Islamic Relief Pakistan working in Balochistan under Program Chaghi integrated
Rehabilitation Program (CIRDP) and Kharan Integrated and Rehabilitation Program
(KIRDP). The both Districts were severely affected from drought and the economy,
natural Resources, water reservoirs; Rangelands, Livestock and Natural habitats of wild
animals were fully destroyed. In preliminary stage, Islamic Relief Pakistan do only
relief work and distribution of Food items, Blankets, tents, Camps and other items. In
second stage, it was decided to deal other social aspects beside Relief program.
Senior Program Officer Islamic Relief, Rao Javed Iqbal Contact the Regional Head
WWF- Pakistan, Mr. Abdul Jabbar for conducting Environmental Survey of Project
Areas. WWF is the only recognized organization that aims to conserve nature and
Ecological processes by;
Preserving genetic, species and ecosystem diversity
Ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable both now and
in the longer term
Promoting actions to reduce pollution, and wasteful exploitation and consumption
of resources and energy.
Importance of Forest Department is not neglect able; Mr. Ali Imran Deputy Conservator
Forest Department was also conducted for mentioned purpose.
How the Team was formed?

To assess the environmental degradations after drought it was necessary to do first
complete survey of the area. For conducting Floral Survey, Dr. Rasool Bakhsh Tareen,
Associate Professor Department of Botany University of Balochistan Quetta and Mr.
Mohammed Yehya Musakhel, did Masters in Botany from University of Balochistan
Quetta for both Floral and Socio-Ecological Survey, Mr. Jamal Abdul Nasir, Lecturer
Government Degree College Quetta for Survey of Fauna and Mr. Ali Dost, Field Officer
Islamic Relief Dalbandeen office for Socio-Economic survey.
Survey Techniques:
A questionnaire consist of four pages was made Socio-economic Survey, in that all the
aspects of daily life was described like, Population, languages, Social traditions,
Infrastructures, Health, Education, Livestock, Potable water sources, Livelihood,
agriculture, Horticulture, village products, Drought impacts, Approach and expected
solutions. An other questionnaire was prepared for Socio-ecological Survey which was
also of Four pages and rotates over the dependence of people on natural Resources,
Status of Wilderness, Water, Rain, Wind characteristics, Temperature, Livestock
population, Livestock management, Range resources, nomadic situation, fuel wood,
Medicinal plants, uses, Wildlife and problem in the are to wildlife. Before going in the
field fro survey and analysis, the ideas were shared with a consultative group, consist on
Dr. Saleem Sherani, Chief Conservator of Forest Government of Balochistan, Mr.
Manzoor Ahmed, Conservator of forest, Rao Javed Iqbal, Senior Program Officer Islamic
Relief- Balochistan, Mr. Abdul Jabbar, Regional Head World wide Fund for Nature
Pakistan, Quetta., Mr. Ali Imran, Deputy Conservator of Forests, Balochistan, Mr. Arbab
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 116 of 121
Yahya, Ex. DFO, forest, Mr. Hamid, Ex. DFO forests, Mr. Mohammad Yahya Musakhel,
Environmental Study Assistant Islamic Relief Pakistan. The ideas presented in shape of
presentation by Mr. Abdul Jabbar to the consultative group for further inputs and
amendments. All the participants actively participated at the opening of the discussion.
Upon detailed arguments following decisions were unanimously made;
The design covered scope of areas at a very broader level, it must be reduced
to the realistic level for achievements.
Awareness raising components and indicators of out puts must properly be
addressed in the design.
Flora and Fauna issues must be covered after consultative meetings with
concerned communities instead of making decisions of interventions in
isolation.
A separate compaign for women and childrens participation be also included
in the design.
If the design included State land, the forest department must be taken into
confidence, a MOU must in this regard be executed.
The consultative group also be provided opportunity to visit the field area.
Ten years rainfall data must be referred for making any decision in the design
Village management plan should also be made included to prepare the project
activities a success.
All members including DG, EPA, Balochistan or representative of potential
NGOs may be notified by Islamic Relief.
On 23rd October, the same views presented by Mr. Abdul Jabbar in the meeting of
consultative groups and Local Administration for purpose Environmental Survey in
District Kharan, and following attend the meeting;
Dr. Proves Ahmed, EDO (R) , Mr. Ali Imran, DCF- CO, Forest Department, Sayed yar
Mohammed, DFO, forest Dept., Dr. Mohammed Saleh, EDO, Livestock, Mr. Abdul
Jabbar, Regional Head, WWF-Pakistan, Quetta., Mr. Haji Shakurullah, TDR,
Administration, Mr. Baqar Ali Baloch, EDO, Community Development, Mr. Yar
Mohammed, SDO, irrigation Dept., Mr. Bahadur Khan P&T department, Dr. Rasool
Bakhsh Tareen, Associate Professor, University of Balochistan, Quetta., Mr. Mohammed
Ismaeel Advocate, District Nayab Nazim, Mr. Jamal Abdul Nasir, Lecturer, Zoology,
Govt. Degree college Quetta., Mr. Mohammed Yehya Musakhel, ESA, Islamic Relief,
Mr. Rao jawed Iqbal, senior Program officer, Islamic Relief., Mr. Ali Dost, field Officer,
IRP, Mr. Shafeeq Ahmed, SO, IR-P Kharan. All the participants actively participated at
the opening of the discussion.
On 24 October the selected team, Dr. Rasool Bakhsh Tareen and Mohammad Yehya For Flora,
Mr. Jamal Abdul Nasir for Survey of fauna, Mr. Ali Dost for Socio-Economic survey) started the
survey. On the first Day of Survey, District Nayab Nazim Mr. Ismaeel was accompanying us.
We move towards Union Counsel Joda Kalat. In this union counsel we take interviews in village
Elahi Bakhsh and fill the Socio-Economic and Socio Ecological Formats. Beside these we
observe the natural conditions of the area. In flora we find Sarhang( tribulus teristriss, Kunar
(Ziziipus numelira), Ghaz, Lahi (Tamerix oxiphylla), Much (Phonix dactilifera), Kahur (Acaia
Arabica), Panir bad (Withania coagulans), Oom (Periploca aphylla), Kashum (Saccharum
griffithii), Gowan (Pistacia atlantica), Trat (Halixilon persicum), Padaghaz (Halixilon
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 117 of 121
ammudandran), Esharq (Rhoyza stricta), Marmooth (Caralumma edulis), Matito (Saliva), Hing
(Ferulla spp.), kolbor 9Iponia spp), Kisankur (Peganum harmala), Spighol (Plantago oveta),
Darna (Proviskia), kotor (Stockcia bronika), Kulkushta (Citrullus colocynthis) and Qarq
Callotropis procera). The area was allotted for hunting and capturing Houbara bustard to Arabs
by Government. The Guards of Arabs were Stan too for controlling hunting of local people.
The same day we also visit Union Counsel Sarawan. In this area the same phenomena
was adopted, and we observed in flora, Ajwain (solanum spp.), Shinz (Alhagi marrurum),
Gumaz (Poa), while in fauna two different species of frog, Bulbul in the area. In these
areas a number of tube wells were observed. Some plants specimen were collected for
identification purpose. At night return to Islamic Relief Kharan office for stay.
On the second day of survey (25 Oct. 2003) move towards Union Counsel Tomolk. The union
counsel consists over hill, plain and desert. First of all we enter in village Abdul Razzaq. After
completing written and listening the views of poor villagers, we were very astonished that after
drought all the Live stock was finished and the water source was not available there. and the
people live here. There we found in flora only Citrullus colocynthis. Then we visited Village
Abdul Khaliq, and the conditions of this village was some better in floral point f view and about
fifteen plants species were observed. Delbergia sissoo, Acacia arabica, Galonia Spp. , Fagonia
Sp., Rhazya stricta, Zizipus jojoba, Z. numerila, Carruluma edulus, Halixilon persicum, H.
ammudandra, Tamerix oxiphylla. The same day we visited the Union counsel Jangian. The area
was fully desert, and in the whole area it was observed that water is very hard to achieve because
it was desert and well digging is the main problem. Education trend in the area was nil. There
were two reasons for, absence of teachers and lack of awareness raising. Ther were no health
facilities. Plants in this area observed were; Carraluma edulus (Marmooth), Mugheer, Dancheck,
Izbotek, Gandareme, and Khamoo. These plants were used as medicine as well. Then we visited
village Abdul Razzaq and the condition of this village was also same as the Jangian. Here we
observed Rhazya stricta (Esharq), Peganum harmala (Kisan Kur), Galonia Spp. (Tusu ). After
completing paper work and observations, move towards the office. There were no roads and
many difficulties came in our way. In deserts, car driving is an other problem and the car goes
down in the desert.
On 26th September, we visited the western side of Kharan city and observed Iponia Spp.
(Kolbor), Zizipus numularia (Kunar), Dilbergia sissoo (Tali), Acacia arabica (Kiker) in
the area. The same day we met with the Local Pinsar Stores, Hakims, Tabibs and other
plants seller and collectors and local Hunters and facilitators. Two of our team members
Dr. Rasool Bakhsh Tareen and Jamal Abdul Nasir leave for Quetta.
On 27th September, we visited the Northern part of Union Counsel Tomolk. Dadozai
dalo, was expand to desert and hill both. In this village the conditions of living were not
so sound. Livestock of the village was severely affected, the rest of LS were very week
because there were no source of fodder and water. Education ratio was also very low. In
flora, we observe Carraluma edulus (Marmooth), Citrullus colocynthis (Kulkushta),
Rhozya stricta (Esharq), Peganum harmala (Aspantan), and Phonix dactilifera (Mach).
After completing work, we move towards village Pattk, which was fully hill, here
livestock ratio to some extent better then previous village. The reasons some plants came
under observation like Periploca aphylla (Gisher), Withania coagulans (Panirbad),
Pteropyrm olivieri (Karwan kush), Rhyza stricta (Esharq), Peganum harmala (Aspantan),
phonix dactilafera (Mach), (morpzo), (Khum), Saccharum griffithii (Kash), Izbothak,
Kunchid, Acacia arabica (Kahur) and kobang.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 118 of 121
On 28th September, following the schedule we moved towards Airy kalg village of Union
counsel Raskoh. Very beautiful place throughout the district. Natural beauty both in hills
and plains were seen able. There the ratio of educated person were sound. Here water
accessible and different kind of plants observed here. Tribulus terestress (Saring),Zizipus
numerilia (Kunar), Tamerix articulata (Ghaz), Phonix dactilifera 9Mach), Acacia arabica
(Kahur), Withania coagulans (Panirbad), Periploca aphylla (Gisher), Saccharum griffithii
(Kashum), Pistacia atlantica ( Gowan), Halixilon persicum (Trat), Halixilon
ammudandran (Pada ghaz), Rhyza stricta (Esharq), Crruluma edulus (Marmooth), Salvia
spp. (Matito), Ferrula Spp. (Hing), Iponia (Kolbor), Peganum harmala (Aspanthan),
Plantago oveta (Asphaghool), Proveskia spp. (Darana), Citrulus colocynthis (Kulkushta),
Calotropis procera (Qarq), and charming were observed. There some gardens and a big
dame found. Beside this in fauna, four species of Butterfly, two species of Lizard and
three birds sp. observed.
On 29 Sep. we visited the south-east part of Union counsel Tomolk and the first village
came in our way was Kohok, it was plain area (semi desert), here too, the people were
severely affected from drought, livestock in area were very low, before drought, it was
the major profession of this area. In present survey, following plants were observed;
Phonix dactilfera (Mach), Zizipus numerilia (Kunar), Moras alba (tooth), Alhagi
marrurum (Shinz), Tamerix articulata (Ghaz), Citrulus colocynthis (Kulkushta), Peganum
harmala (aspantan), Tribulus spp. (Saring) and Withania coagulans (Panirbad). Then we
visited the village Totazai of the same Union Counsel and the conditions and situations
were as same as Dado zai and the same plants were observed.
30th September, Noroz Kalat was our next to Survey, it was situated in the North east of
Kharan and a Part of Union Counsel Sarawan. It was a beautiful place, and perennial
stream flow there. Basic needs and meets were to some extent present there, like
Dispensary, Schools, Electricity. Education ratio was good both male and female. In the
area following plants were observed Nerium oleander (Jour), Phonix dactilifera (Mach),
Rhyza stricta (Esharq), Tamerix articulata (Gahz), Saccharum griffthii (Kashm),
Withania coagulans (Panirbad), Halixilon persicum (Tarat), Alhagi marurum (Shinz),
Zizipus numerilia (Kunar), Citruus clcynthis (Kulkushta).
Basima thesil is famus in the District for its forests and pleasant weather and our visit arranged on
31 September of Kurai Village, Perennial streams flow there, different kind of birds observed
here. A folk of Sissee patreges and Crows and about 14 plants species were observed there.
Among them were Panir bad, Pish, Sherago, Gwand, Kashm, Gaz, Kuner, Esharq, Shinz,
Sherago, Aspantan, Karwankush, Retachack, Shampista, and Oom were found in greater
quantity. The same plants were observed in the village Jangle Rest House and Sajad Faqer Abad.
All the conditions were same as in the Kurai. Fish were observed in the stream when they were
Caught by Fisherman.
On October 1st we visited Union Counsel Shinger and the villages Patak and Bedrang was
first visited. The village was fully affected from drought. Water level was very down and
there was no any source of water, education, health facilities were not available there.
Nerium olender (Jur), Tamerix articulata (Ghaz), Alhagi marrurum (Shinz), Sopota
mollis (Sham Pista), Saccharum griffithii (Kash), Withania coagulans (Panirbad),
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 119 of 121
Peganum harmala (Aspnd) observe in the area. The same day we visited the Union
Counsel Nag. It was a far off area and here too, water level was very low and about 250+
feet below the soil Surface. We surveyed the villages Daku Ragha and Ashori. The
economical conditions of area were severely affected from drought. All the livestock
dyed and water was the main problem but in the same Union Counsel some streams were
perennial in these areas. A big lizard was observed here and in flora Rhyza stricta
(Esharq), Typa (Kul), Withania coagulans (Panirbad), Alhagi marrurum (Shinz), Sopora
mollis (Sham pista), Peganum harmala (Kisakur), Tamerix articulata 9Ghaz), Nerium
eander 9Jr), Saccharum griffithii (Ksah), Pistacia atantica (Gowan), Halixilon persicm
(Trat), Periploca aphylla (Gisher), Acacia arabica (Kahor) and pipilo were the main
dominant species.
On 5th December, we visited the Union counsel Mashkel. It was fully desert and the
border of Iran. Here we surveyed the city and nearby villages. Literacy rate not more than
2%, one hospital but the Doctors was not available, Date palm were common through out
the area. Here we found forest department raise Nurseries. Wheat cutivation is common n
both irrigated and Rodb (Rain dependent ands) ands. Agricultural trend were very poor
and old traditions role over the area the source of income in the area was smuggling of
Oil. During survey A Jackal was observed. Alhagi marurum was the common most plant
in the area
After completing survey, it was presented before the consultative group for further
comments and their views about report.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 120 of 121

Environmental Survey of Kharan District Balochistan

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Environmental Survey of Kharan District Balochistan

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ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF

KHARAN DISTRICT BALOCHISTAN

Mohammad Yahya Musakhel, Environmental Study Consultant

The devolution plan while empowering public representatives also

It gives me immense pleasure for appreciating the efforts of Islamic Relief

It would be definitely beneficial for the general public, elected

I owe my personal gratitude and thanks to the staff of IR who had

May Almighty Allah bless our beloved country.

The Offices of Islamic Relief and WWF - Pakistan at Quetta approached

Two teams were established who collected data on developed Questionnaires

ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

BCS Balochistan Conversation Strategy

BEPA Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency

BFWD Balochistan Forest & Wildlife Department, Quetta

CBOs Community Based Organizations

DCO District Coordination Officer

DHO District Health Officer

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

GoB Government of Balochistan

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

IR Islamic Relief Pakistan

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

LG&RDD Local Government and Rural Development

NCS National Conservation Strategy

NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

P&D Planning and Development

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

RCD Regional Cooperation for Development

SMEDA Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority

Sq.Km. Square Kilometers

TMO Tehsil Municipal Officer

TVO Trust for Voluntery Organisation

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees

WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority

WWF P World Wide Fund for Nature Pakistan

.LIST OF MAPS, TABLES & GRAPHS

Distrci Kharan (Satellite Image)

Tehsil wise Boundaries

02 DISTRICT KHARAN (A PROFILE) 03

District H.Q Kharan

Languages: Balochi 70% Brahvi 20% Pashto and others 10%

Major Crops. Wheat, Jowar and Onion.

Important Minerals: Manganese, Antimony Chromite.

Education: Boys Girls

Roads: Metalled(KM) 103

District Kharan owes its name to Mountains Karan, Qaran or Barfen as it

Latest projections shows the population of Kharan district to 206909 of

2. Major Demographical Features: Historically Kharan remained

Nausherwanis claim to be connected with the Kainian Maliks, but the

(c). Rakhshani: Rakhshani also known as Rashkhani is a general name

(g) Kubdani. Also known as Kudbudanis are Musiani, Zehri from

3. Social Structure: The structure of sodciety is patriarchal and deeply woven in

Now with education and urbanization women have started attending

HEALTH AUX. UNIT

5. Education: Education Sector is one of the most neglected Sector in

Enrollme 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1996 Tota

Area Under Cultivation Total Cultivatable Cultivable Waste

Apple 28 5 33 280 10000

6.3 Latest figure depict following picture.

Crops 2002-03 1997-98 % increase / decrease

Crops 2002-03 1997-98 % increase / decrease

Sorghum 74 - 74 - 91 91 0 -100 -19