About Condensing Boilers: Roy Collver

About Condensing Boilers
Roy Collver
Webinar - July 30 - 2014
- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved
Monday, July 28, 2014 1

Condensing Boilers
Savings
Calculator
Q - What do you say when a

potential client asks - - -
HOW MUCH WILL I SAVE?
A - You say - Let me work on

it. I will give you a reasonable
estimate, once we look at your
old system.

Condensing boiler Retrofits - Where do we gain Efficiency?
Energy Savings Estimator
This method
compares Nat.
gas or propane
old boilers to
new nat. gas or
propane older
boilers
Oil to nat. gas

is not covered,
but will be
worked into
future versions

Condensing Boiler Energy Savings Estimator (Space Heating) - Version 1.3
New System Details Old System Details % Savings (Range)
(1) Efficiency Rating Boiler output Old boiler
X 100 =
Boiler output New boiler Boiler input efficiency 5% to 30%
X 100 =
Boiler input efficiency Subtract Old from New % Rating
This is a method (2) Venting Type - Natural Draft / w Draft Hood (a) 3% to 15%
Power Vented, Sealed Vent - Forced Draft / w Barometric (b) 2% to 5%
(3) Reset Strategy - No Outdoor Reset (a) 6% to 10%
Full Outdoor Reset of Boiler - Partial Outdoor Reset (Boiler) (b) 3% to 6%
It helps estimate water temperature
(4) Over-Sizing Factor
- Full Outdoor Reset (Mixing)
- Correct size
(c) 2% to 4%
(a) 0%
Correct size for design - Oversized by 20% (b) 2% to 3%
potential energy conditions - Oversized by 30%
- Oversized by 50%
(c) 3% to 4%
(d) 4% to 8%
savings (5) Burner Modulation (Turndown)

- Oversized by 70% (e) 8% to 10%
None - None (a 1) 0%
- 2:1 (a 2) - 2% to - 6%
2:1 - None (b 1) 2% to 4%
It assists in focusing 4:1
- 2:1
- None
(b 2) 0%
(c 1) 2% to 4%
- 2:1 (c 2) 2% to 4%
attention to those 5:1 - None
- 2:1
(d 1) 5% to 7%
(d 2) 4% to 6%
More than 5:1 - None (e 1) 8% to 10%
things a designer - 2:1 (e 2) 6% to 8%
(6) T Supply 180F (82C) old vs 180F (82C) new (a) 0%
can do to enhance System supply temperature from
Boiler at design conditions (coldest
180F (82C) old vs 170F (77C) new
180F (82C) old vs 160F (71C) new
(b) 1% to 2%
(c) 2% to 4%
weather) 180F (82C) old vs 150F (66C) new (d) 4% to 6%
their system design 180F (82C) old vs 140F (60C) new (e) 6% to 8%
(7) T System 20F (82C) old vs 20F (11C) new (a) 0%
System temperature drop between 20F (82C) old vs 30F (17C) new (b) 1% to 3%
system supply and boiler return 20F (82C) old vs 40F (22C) new (c) 2% to 6%
(8) Non-heating Loads DHW, Pool/Spa, Forced-air 2% to 25%
Auxiliary loads from old boiler furnace, air make-up, snow melt,
- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved system connected to new system. floor warming, etc.

This work was originally developed while
working on a project for Natural Resources
Canadas CanmetENERGY. Funding for
the project came from the Program of
Energy Savings Estimate Compilation
Energy Research and Development. Function Range Savings Estimate - %
(1) Efficiency Rating 5% to 30% ( )
(2) Venting Type 2% to 15% ( )
It is a highly speculative work in progress, (3) Reset Strategy
(4) Over-Sizing Factor
2% to 10%
0% to 10%
( )
( )
and is not endorsed by them. (5) Burner Modulation

(6) T Supply
0% to 12%
0% to 8%
( )
( )
(7) T System 0% to 6% ( )
Total 9% to 75%
It is intended as a simple guide to Additional Savings
(8) Non-heating Loads 2% to 25% ( )
estimating potential savings when using

condensing boiler(s) in retrofit situations.
It is primarily a sales tool, which directs the
estimator to account for important factors
that otherwise could be easily missed.

How to Maximize Efficiency
Boiler Control Design
To maintain lowest water temperatures
possible, outdoor reset should be a
basic minimum control function.
SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR

F C
210 99
200 93
HIGH
SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE
190 88
TEMPERATURE
180 82
180F SUPPLY
170 77
160 71 AFUE RATING

140F SUPPLY
150 66
140 60
FLOOR
130 54
TEMPERATURE
120 49 120F SUPPLY
110 43
100 38
90 32
80 27
70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE C

Outdoor Reset - Full or Partial
water temperature - Full Outdoor Reset (Mixing) (c) 2% to 4%
Allows boilers to run at low water temperatures when possible
Known to effectively enhance condensing boiler efficiency in older

high temperature heating systems

How Hydronics Works
More Basics -26F
H
E
-26F
A
(-32C)
T
LO
(-32C)
S
T
TO
O
U
TD
O
O
R
82F
S
HEAT LOST TO OUTDOORS
TEMPERATURE
The basic hydronic 85F
AT THERMOSTAT
70F
cycle 72F
180F WATER HEATS

AIR FROM 65F TO 85F
The temperature cuts 65F AIR RETURNED TO
RADIATOR FOR REHEATING
65F 67F
Where the heat comes
from 400F
160F WATER RETURNED TO BOILER
FOR REHEATING BACK TO 180F
Where it goes to 3,200F GASSES
TRANSFER ALL
180F WATER TEMPERATURE
DELIVERED TO RADIATOR
BUT 400F TO
THE WATER
3,200F RAISES WATER
TEMPERATURE FROM 160F TO 180F
THE 400F FLUE
GAS GETS FUEL GAS CONVERTED TO HEAT,
THROWN OUT COMBUSTION CHAMBER 3,200F
THE CHIMNEY

Energy Savings
Reset Strategies - None, Full or Partial
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE = INDOOR TEMPERATURE
NO HEAT LOST TO OUTSIDE

Balanced THROUGH THE BUILDING
68F
temperature ENVELOPE.
(20C)
conditions
No heat loss THERMOSTAT SET TO

68F, NO CALL FOR HEAT
68F 68F
No call for heat (20C)
System off 68F

(20C)
BOILER OFF
SYSTEM WATER = ROOM TEMP.

Energy Savings
System operating at OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE @ DESIGN CONDITIONS
- 26F
H
design conditions
E
A
MAXIMUM HEAT LOSS TO
T
(- 32C)
LO
S
OUTSIDE THROUGH THE
T
TO
Maximum heat loss BUILDING ENVELOPE.
U
TD
82F
O
O
R
S
Steady call for heat 74F
HEAT LOST TO OUTDOORS

70F
90F
Maximum water 68F
temperature
- 26F
required (- 32C) 180F
(82C)
65F
Maximum boiler 180F WATER TEMPERATURE
output required DELIVERED TO RADIATOR

Energy Savings
Conventional high
temperature HIGH TEMPERATURE SYSTEM
WATER TEMPERATURE AT A FIXED SETPOINT FOR DESIGN OUTDOOR CONDITIONS
heating system 190 88
control 180
170
82
77
HIGH TEMP. SUPPLY
180F
TEMPERATURE TO 180F
RAISE SYSTEM WATER
160 71
Boiler operates at 150
140
66
60
design 130 54
DESIGN
temperature as 120
110
49
43
OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE
soon as heat is 100 38

-32C
required 90
80
32
27
68F 20C
68F 59 50 41 32 23 14 5 -4 -13 -22 -26
Thermostat limits 20C
TURN BOILER ON AT 68F

15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -32
room temperature OUTDOOR AIR TEMPERATURE

Energy Savings
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE @
@ 40%
1/2 DESIGN
DESIGN CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
Bulk of heating WITH NO RESET FUNCTION
season = modest 47F
30F
H
MINOR HEAT LOSS TO
E
A
(-1C)
(8C)
T
heat losses OUTSIDE THROUGH THE
LO
S
T
BUILDING ENVELOPE.
TO
O
92F
U
TD
Boilers operating
O
O
R
S
at high temp. 78F
contribute to 89F
92F
74F
68F
overheating = 47F
30F 68F
(20C)
(-1C)
(8C)
energy waste
180F
(82C)
Thermostat short 67F
cycling, uneven 180F WATER TEMPERATURE
room temps. 175F WATER RETURNED TO BOILER

Energy Savings
Outdoor reset is OUTDOOR RESET CONCEPT
simple and FULL RESET OF WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
effective 190
180
88
82
HIGH TEMP. SUPPLY
170 77 @ DESIGN = 180F
Heat input from 160 71
SUPPLY TEMP @ 65%

150 66
the boiler 140 60

CAPACITY = 140F DESIGN
OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE
130 54
SUPPLY TEMP @ 40% -32C
120 49 CAPACITY = 115F
=
65% of DESIGN
110 43
OUTDOOR
40% of DESIGN TEMPERATURE
100 38
OUTDOOR -14C
90 32 TEMPERATURE
-1C
80 27
Heat loss from 68F 20C

68F 59 50 41 32 23 14 5 -4 -13 -22 -26
the building 20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -32
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

Energy Savings
When heat losses OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE @
@ 40%
1/2 DESIGN
DESIGN CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
are modest... WITH
WITHNO
RESET
RESET
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
47F
30F
H
MINOR HEAT LOSS TO
E
A
(-1C)
(8C)
T
OUTSIDE THROUGH THE
LO
Boilers operate at
S
T
BUILDING ENVELOPE.
TO
temperatures
O
92F
82F
U
TD
O
required to create
O
R
S
78F
72F
thermal equilibrium
74F
70F
89F
80F
68F
47F
30F
Thermostats (-1C)
(8C)
68F
(20C)
operate on longer
180F
115F
cycles - room (82C)
(46C)
temperatures are 67F
more even - energy 115F WATER TEMPERATURE

180F
is saved 175F WATER RETURNED TO BOILER

105F
180F

Efficiency - Condensation problems
Conventional boilers COOL RETURN POOR VENTING ACTION,

WATER, COOL FLUE GENEROUS FLUE GAS
were designed to TEMPERATURES CONDENSATION
avoid condensation (REMOVAL REQUIRED)
Condensate could 120F SUPPLY / 100F RETURN

quickly destroy them
As flue gas
temperatures are
reduced, venting is
challenged

Energy Savings
Non-condensing
boilers have OUTDOOR RESET CONCEPT
practical operating PARTIAL RESET OF WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
limitations 190
180
88
82
HIGH TEMP. SUPPLY
170 77 @ DESIGN = 180F
Return water
160 71

150 66
SUPPLY TEMP @ 65%
CAPACITY = 140F
temps. must be 140 60
DESIGN
OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE
kept high enough 130
120
54
49
-32C
to avoid flue gas 110 43

65% of DESIGN
OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE
condensation 100
90
38
32
-14C
80 27
140F (60C)
68F 20C
68F 59 50 41 32 23 14 5 -4 -13 -22 -26
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -32
supply temp. is a OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
common limitation

Energy Savings
During shoulder heating
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE @
@ 20%
1/2 DESIGN
DESIGN CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
seasons, minimum water WITH PARTIALWITH
RESET
NOFUNCTION
RESET FUNCTION
& WASTEFUL TENANT
temperatures promote 47F
H
MINOR HEAT LOSS TO
E
A
MINOR HEAT LOSS TO (8C)
50F
T
overheating OUTSIDE THROUGH THE
LO
(10C)
S
OUTSIDE THROUGH THE
T
BUILDING ENVELOPE.
TO
BUILDING ENVELOPE.
O
92F
99F
U
TD
Occupants commonly turn
O
R
S
78F
87F
thermostats to high settings
74F
87F
102F
89F
68F
47F
50F 85F
(20C)
Weather cools - reset water (8C)
(10C)
temperatures lasso radiator 180F

outputs - rooms return to (82C)
67F
80F
suitable temperatures 140F WATER TEMPERATURE
180F
130F
180F
Occupant complaints rise

Maximizing Performance
Weather Data
When does Condensing Occur?
How does Outdoor Reset

Enhance Performance?
How low can we go?

Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 | Canada's National Climate Archive
Home Climate Normals & Averages 1971-2000 Station Results
Notices:
As of July 24, 2008 changes were made in how data are accessed at 25 stations. Please click here
for further details.
Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each
element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme
value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.
NOTE!! Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality
assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.
EDMONTON INT'L A *
ALBERTA
Latitude: 53 19.200' N Longitude: 113 34.800' W Elevation: 723.30 m

Climate ID: 3012205 WMO ID: 71123 TC ID: YEG
* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.
Weather Data
Temperature: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Daily Average (C) -13.5 -10.5 -4.5 4.3 10.4 14.1 15.9
Standard Deviation 4.8 4.8 3.6 2.1 1.4 1 1
Daily Maximum (C) -8 -4.7 1 10.7 17.4 20.5 22.2
Daily Minimum (C) -19.1 -16.3 -9.9 -2.2 3.4 7.7 9.5
Extreme Maximum (C) 9.6 13.3 17.6 30.5 32.8 34.4 35
Date (yyyy/dd) 1989/26 1992/27 1992/26 1977/26 1986/26 1961/04+ 1961/14
Extreme Minimum (C) -48.3 -43.9 -42.2 -28.3 -11.1 -6.1 0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1972/26 1994/07 1972/01 1975/01 1968/10 1969/12 1967/25
Precipitation:
Rainfall (mm) 1.1 0.5 1.3 13.4 45.3 87.4 95.2
Snowfall (cm) 24.9 14.9 17.1 13.3 4.5 0 0
Precipitation (mm) 22.7 13 16 26.3 49.9 87.4 95.2
Average Snow Depth
19 21 16 3 0 0 0
(cm)
Median Snow Depth
19 21 16 3 0 0 0
(cm)
Snow Depth at Month-
22 21 8 0 0 0 0
end (cm)
Extreme Daily Rainfall
10.4 4 6.9 43.4 40.9 66.3 75.6
(mm)
Date (yyyy/dd) 1971/07 1991/15 1972/23 1990/23 1991/13 1970/30 1990/03
Extreme Daily Snowfall
33.6 19.1 21.1 36.2 20.6 0 0
(cm)
Date (yyyy/dd) 1989/30 1962/03 1974/13 1991/06 1987/19 1959/01+ 1961/01+
Extreme Daily
38.6 15 18.5 43.4 41.6 66.3 75.6
Precipitation (mm)
Date (yyyy/dd) 1989/30 1962/03 1974/13 1990/23 1987/19 1970/30 1990/03
Extreme Snow Depth
66 66 84 71 9 0 0
(cm)
Date (yyyy/dd) 1971/30+ 1971/01+ 1974/18+ 1974/01 1987/20+ 1961/01+ 1961/01+
Days with Maximum Temperature:
<= 0 C 23.4 17.8 11.6 1.8 0 0 0
> 0 C 7.6 10.5 19.4 28.2 31 30 31
> 10 C 0 0.3 2.4 16.2 27.8 29.8 31
> 20 C 0 0 0 2.4 9.7 16.3 22.2
> 30 C 0 0 0 0.03 0.33 0.23 0.5
> 35 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Days with Minimum Temperature:
> 0 C 0.17 0.2 0.87 9.1 25.1 29.9 31
<= 2 C 31 28.3 30.9 26.1 11.6 0.97 0.07
<= 0 C 30.8 28.1 30.1 20.9 5.9 0.13 0
< -2 C 30.6 27.5 26.1 13.6 1.9 0 0
< -10 C 25.3 20.4 13.1 2 0 0 0
< -20 C 12.8 9.7 3.8 0.2 0 0 0
< - 30 C 4.6 2.1 0.63 0 0 0 0
Days with Rainfall:
>= 0.2 mm 0.8 0.63 1.3 5.2 10.8 14.2 14.4
>= 5 mm 0.07 0 0.03 0.67 3.2 5.4 5.5
>= 10 mm 0.03 0 0 0.27 1.2 2.7 3.1
>= 25 mm 0 0 0 0.03 0.1 0.63 0.73
Days With Snowfall:
>= 0.2 cm 10.9 8.5 8.5 4.1 1.2 0 0
>= 5 cm 1.3 0.53 0.8 0.77 0.23 0 0
>= 10 cm 0.27 0.07 0.2 0.27 0.17 0 0
>= 25 cm 0.03 0 0 0.03 0 0 0
Days with Precipitation:
>= 0.2 mm 11.1 8.3 9.1 8 11.3 14.2 14.4
>= 5 mm 1.1 0.43 0.67 1.6 3.5 5.4 5.5
>= 10 mm 0.23 0.07 0.13 0.6 1.3 2.7 3.1
>= 25 mm 0.03 0 0 0.1 0.17 0.63 0.73
Days with Snow Depth:
>= 1 cm 31 28.2 26.2 7 0.5 0 0
>= 5 cm 28.8 27.1 21.9 4.8 0.1 0 0
>= 10 24.5 24.1 18.1 3 0 0 0
>= 20 12.9 11.6 9.3 2 0 0 0
Wind:
Speed (km/h) 12.2 11.8 12.4 14 14.6 12.9 10.4
Most Frequent Direction S S SE SE SE W W
Maximum Hourly Speed 80 69 72 63 72 76 61
Date (yyyy/dd) 1962/05 1964/07 1965/13 1982/29 1965/16+ 1984/01 1972/28
Direction of Maximum
W W NW W NW NW NW
Hourly Speed
Maximum Gust Speed 105 97 100 106 113 111 111
Date (yyyy/dd) 1967/08 1965/19 1965/13 1982/29 1965/16 1985/19 1987/31
W N NW W NW W W
Gust
Days with Winds >= 52
0.8 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.2 1 0.3
km/h
0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1
km/h
Degree Days:
Above 24 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Above 18 C 0 0 0 0 1.7 3.8 10.4
Above 15 C 0 0 0 0.6 9.3 24.4 49.2
Above 10 C 0 0 0 7.9 56.6 127.1 183.2
Above 5 C 0 0.1 1.8 47.9 173.1 274.3 337.9
Above 0 C 2.4 5.4 27.3 149.5 323.6 424.3 492.9
Below 0 C 421.6 302.1 165.3 21.3 0.2 0 0
Below 5 C 574.2 438.2 294.7 69.7 4.6 0 0
Below 10 C 729.2 579.4 448 179.7 43.2 2.8 0.3
Below 15 C 884.2 720.7 603 322.4 150.8 50.1 21.3
Below 18 C 977.2 805.5 696 411.9 236.2 119.6 75.5
Heating systems are designed

Evaporation:
Lake Evaporation (mm) 4.6

Bright Sunshine:
Total Hours 97.1 125 171.3 232.7 271.6 276.8 303.4
Days with measureable 24.3 24.3 27.4 27.8 29.1 28.4 30.3
% of possible daylight
38.5 45.2 46.7 55.5 55.3 54.6 59.6
hours
Extreme Daily 8.6 10.7 12.8 14 15.8 16.3 16.4
Date (yyyy/dd) 1998/31 1974/23 1980/31 1976/29+ 1989/28 1980/08 1976/05
Humidex:
Extreme Humidex 8.6 12.8 16.5 30 33.6 37.3 37
Date (yyyy/dd) 1996/12 1992/27 1992/26 1977/26 1986/26 1970/21 1975/06
Days with Humidex >=
0 0 0 0 0.3 0.5 3.4
30
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3
35
to provide enough heat to

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
40
Wind Chill:
Extreme Wind Chill -61.1 -53.6 -47.2 -33.7 -16.3 -7.3 -2
Date (yyyy/dd) 1972/26 1962/28 1972/01 1975/01 1968/10 1969/13 1967/25
Days with Wind Chill < -
19.8 14.5 8 0.9 0 0 0
20
10.6 6.9 2.4 0.2 0 0 0
30
4 1.6 0.2 0 0 0 0
40
Humidity:
Average Vapour
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.3
Pressure (kPa)
Average Relative
71.2 72.6 77.1 77.3 74.7 80.9 87.7
Humidity - 0600LST (%)
Average Relative
67 65.1 62.1 46.3 41.9 50.3 55.8
Humidity - 1500LST (%)
counter a building heat-loss

Pressure:
Average Station
92.9 92.9 92.8 92.9 92.8 92.8 93
Pressure (kPa)
Average Sea Level
101.8 101.8 101.6 101.5 101.3 101.2 101.4
Pressure (kPa)
Visibility (hours with):
< 1 km 8.2 7.9 9.1 4.8 2.4 1.1 1
1 to 9 km 91.7 85 76.9 33.8 22 17 19.1
> 9 km 644.2 585.4 658.1 681.4 719.6 702 723.8
Cloud Amount (hours with):
0 to 2 tenths 169.2 151.2 165.8 159.9 142.3 124.4 171.6
3 to 7 tenths 147.1 139.8 176.2 202.8 214.9 224 241.8
8 to 10 tenths 427.7 387.2 402.1 357.3 386.9 371.5 330.6
NOTE!! Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality
assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.
(including ventilation
EDMONTON INT'L A *
ALBERTA

Temperature: Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code

Daily Average (C) 15.1 10.1 4.3 -5.7 -11.3 2.4 A
Standard Deviation 1.9 1.9 1.5 3.7 4.6 1.2 A
Daily Maximum (C) 21.7 16.9 10.9 -0.4 -5.9 8.5 A
Daily Minimum (C) 8.3 3.3 -2.4 -11 -16.7 -3.8 A
Extreme Maximum (C) 35.3 34.9 29.1 18.3 13.4
Date (yyyy/dd) 1998/05 1981/17 1987/02 1975/03+ 1997/14
Extreme Minimum (C) -3.8 -9.6 -26.5 -35.6 -44.5
Date (yyyy/dd) 1992/24 1983/28 1984/31 1963/20 1977/09
Precipitation:
requirements) on the coldest

Rainfall (mm) 70.3 45.4 12 2 1 374.8 A
Snowfall (cm) 0.1 1.8 8 17.7 19.1 121.4 A
Precipitation (mm) 70.3 47.1 19.8 17.7 17.3 482.7 A
Average Snow Depth (cm) 0 0 1 5 12 6 A
Median Snow Depth (cm) 0 0 0 5 11 6 A
Snow Depth at Month-end
0 0 1 8 13 6 A
(cm)
Extreme Daily Rainfall
69.5 60.5 23.7 8.6 4.6
(mm)
Date (yyyy/dd) 1980/28 1969/04 1981/08 1971/19 1985/18
Extreme Daily Snowfall
2 8.6 31.5 15.9 16.8
(cm)
Date (yyyy/dd) 1992/21 1984/22 1970/25 1996/10 1979/09
Extreme Daily Precipitation
69.5 60.5 30.4 14.2 15.4
(mm)
Date (yyyy/dd) 1980/28 1969/04 1991/16 1972/30+ 1979/09
days of the year.

Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 0 5 32 28 48
Date (yyyy/dd) 1961/01+ 1965/25+ 1984/19 1996/20+ 1970/19+
Days with Maximum Temperature:
<= 0 C 0 0.1 1.7 14.1 21.7 92.2 A
> 0 C 31 29.9 29.3 15.9 9.3 273.1 A
> 10 C 30.8 25.5 17.5 1.6 0.1 183 A
> 20 C 20.1 9.1 2.5 0 0 82.3 A
> 30 C 0.83 0.17 0 0 0 2.1 A
> 35 C 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.03 A
Days with Minimum Temperature:
> 0 C 30.8 24.1 9.2 0.77 0.2 161.5 A
<= 2 C 0.87 10.6 26.5 29.9 31 227.7 A
<= 0 C 0.2 5.9 21.8 29.2 30.8 203.8 A
< -2 C 0.03 2.8 16 27.6 30.2 176.5 A
< -10 C 0 0 1.5 14.3 23.2 99.8 A
< -20 C 0 0 0.2 3.8 9.9 40.4 A
< - 30 C 0 0 0 0.33 3 10.6 A
Days with Rainfall:
>= 0.2 mm 12.6 9.6 4.9 1.5 0.9 76.8 A
>= 5 mm 4 2.8 0.73 0.1 0 22.5 A
>= 10 mm 2.1 1.3 0.23 0 0 11 A
>= 25 mm 0.43 0.13 0 0 0 2.1 A
Days With Snowfall:
>= 0.2 cm 0.03 0.8 2.5 7.8 9.9 54.2 A
>= 5 cm 0 0.1 0.47 1 1 6.3 A
>= 10 cm 0 0 0.23 0.17 0.1 1.5 A
>= 25 cm 0 0 0.03 0 0 0.09 A
Days with Precipitation:
>= 0.2 mm 12.6 9.9 6.6 8.5 10.1 124.1 A
>= 5 mm 4 2.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 27.9 A
>= 10 mm 2.1 1.3 0.43 0.17 0.1 12.3 A
>= 25 mm 0.43 0.13 0.03 0 0 2.3 A
Days with Snow Depth:
How do we determine the

>= 1 cm 0 0.13 2.5 18.1 27.4 141 A
>= 5 cm 0 0.03 1.6 12.4 23 119.8 A

>= 10 0 0 0.97 5.1 17.4 93.2 A
>= 20 0 0 0.2 1.8 5 42.9 A
Wind:
Speed (km/h) 10 12 12.6 11.4 12.1 12.2 A
Most Frequent Direction W S S S S S A
Maximum Hourly Speed 71 68 87 72 69
Date (yyyy/dd) 1965/13 1967/22 1965/01 1962/24 1967/11
SW W NW NW W NW
Hourly Speed
Maximum Gust Speed 109 113 146 126 103
Date (yyyy/dd) 1997/27 1967/22+ 1965/01 1962/24 1967/11
Direction of Maximum Gust S W NW NW NW NW
0.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 8.2 A
km/h
extreme weather heat

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.9 A
km/h
Degree Days:
Above 24 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 A
Above 18 C 11.7 0.8 0 0 0 28.4 A
Above 15 C 45.6 6.1 0.5 0 0 135.7 A
Above 10 C 160.5 53.1 9.2 0 0 597.5 A
Above 5 C 311.6 162.2 49.5 1.7 0.1 1360 A
Above 0 C 466.6 304 151.8 16.6 3.9 2368.1 A
Below 0 C 0 0.5 20 188 354.3 1473.1 A
Below 5 C 0.1 8.7 72.6 323.1 505.4 2291.3 A
Below 10 C 3.9 49.6 187.3 471.4 660.3 3355.1 A
Below 15 C 44 152.6 333.7 621.4 815.3 4719.7 A
Below 18 C 103.1 237.3 426.2 711.4 908.3 5708.2 A
Evaporation:
Lake Evaporation (mm) 3.8 D
requirements?
Bright Sunshine:
Total Hours 275.8 190.9 162.5 98.4 83.3 2288.6 A
Days with measureable 29.8 26.6 28 23.2 23.4 322.6 A
% of possible daylight
60.2 50 49.4 37.7 35.3 49 A
hours
Extreme Daily 15.2 13.5 10.6 9.1 7.5 A
Date (yyyy/dd) 1978/02 1974/01 1983/01+ 1999/01 1985/01
Humidex:
Extreme Humidex 38.7 33.9 28.4 18.3 13
Date (yyyy/dd) 1965/02 1967/01 1987/02 1975/03+ 1997/14
Days with Humidex >= 30 3.4 0.3 0 0 0 7.9 A
Days with Humidex >= 35 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.7 A
Days with Humidex >= 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 A
Wind Chill:
Extreme Wind Chill -5.8 -14.3 -34.9 -51.5 -57.4
Date (yyyy/dd) 1992/24 1974/30 1984/31 1985/26 1964/15
Days with Wind Chill < -20 0 0 0.5 8 16.1 67.8 A
Days with Wind Chill < -30 0 0 0.1 1.8 7.8 29.7 A
Days with Wind Chill < -40 0 0 0 0.1 2.1 8.1 A
Humidity:
Average Vapour Pressure
1.3 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 A
(kPa)
Average Relative Humidity -
89.7 85.9 79.5 79.1 73.4 79.1 A
0600LST (%)
Average Relative Humidity -
54.6 51.6 49.9 66.8 68.4 56.7 A
1500LST (%)
Pressure:
Average Station Pressure
93.1 93 92.9 92.8 92.9 92.9 A
(kPa)
Average Sea Level Pressure
101.5 101.6 101.5 101.6 101.7 101.5 A
(kPa)
Visibility (hours with):
< 1 km 4 1.9 3.2 15.7 8 A
1 to 9 km 24.9 20 26.3 80.8 87.2 A
> 9 km 715.2 698.1 714.4 623.5 648.9 A
Cloud Amount (hours with):
0 to 2 tenths 180.6 177.2 183.6 157.7 167.9 A
3 to 7 tenths 237.8 183.1 178 148.2 143.8 A
8 to 10 tenths 325.6 359.7 382.4 414.2 432.3 A
Date Modified: 2008-11-01

http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=ALL&StationName=Edmonton&SearchType=BeginsWith&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&CityName=&ParkName=&LatitudeDegrees=&LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees=&LongitudeMinutes=&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId=1865&

National Weather Service - NWS Billings 14-07-25 11:02 AM
weather.gov
Home News Organization
Search for: NWS All NOAA Go
Local forecast by
"City, St"
Observed Climate Climate Climate Local
City, St Go Astronomical NOWData
Weather Locations Prediction Resources Data/Records
Current Hazards Observed Weather Reports
Weather Data
Watches / Warnings
Outlooks 1. Product 2. Location 3. Timeframe 4. View
NOAA Watch Daily Climate Report (CLI) Billings Most Recent
Montana Hazards Miles City
Preliminary Monthly Climate Data (CF6) Livingston Archived Data:
Current Conditions Sheridan
Record Event Report (RER) December 31st, 2013
Observations January 1st, 2013
Radar Monthly Weather Summary (CLM) January 1st, 2012
Satellite Regional Summary (RTP) January 3rd, 2011
Precipitation January 1st, 2010
State Summary (Temp/Precip)
Space Weather
Send Us Pictures Annual Climate Report (CLA)
Forecasts
Forecast Storm Event Database (SPC)
Discussion Storm Data (NCDC)
Local Area
Activity Planner Product Description:
Aviation Weather Annual Climate Report - issued annually: Detailed annual weather statistics, including
Fire Weather temperature, precipitation, degree days, wind, humidity, sunrise/sunset, and record
Severe Weather temperature data for a year period. Precipitation data includes both calendar year and water
Hurricane Center year totals, percent of normal values, and comparisons to normal.
Evapotranspiration
Hydrology
Rivers and Lakes
Climate
Local
National
Drought Billings Weather Forecast Office Disclaimer Privacy Policy
More... 2170 Overland Avenue Credits About Us
Climate Portal Billings, MT 59102-6455 Glossary Career Opportunities
Tel: (406) 652-0851
Weather Safety Ask Questions/Webmaster
Preparedness Page last modified: 8-Dec-2008 7:28 PM
Weather Radio
SkyWarn
StormReady
Government Meteorological
Additional Info
Items of Interest
Other Useful Links
Education
Resources
COOP Observer
Our Office
Web-sites have all the data

Great Divide
Contact Us
Contact Info
Feedback
Ask Questions
you need. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=byz
Monthly Observation Data | Canada's National Climate Archive

Page 1 of 2
04/04/09 8:01 PM
Home Climate Data Online Monthly Data
For the UNITED STATES Notices:

As of July 24, 2008 changes were made in how data are accessed at 25 stations. Please click here
for further details.
www.weather.gov Monthly Data Report for 2008

Notes on Data Quality.
EDMONTON INT'L A
ALBERTA

For CANADA
Previous Year 2008 Go
Monthly Data Report for 2008

M Mean Mean Mean Extr Extr Total Total Total Snow Dir Spd
o Max Temp Min Max Min Rain Snow Precip Grnd of of
n Temp C Temp Temp Temp mm cm mm Last Max Max
www.climate.weather.gc.ca
t C C C C Day Gust Gust
h cm 10's km/h
Deg
Jan -8.0 -14.6 -21.1 1.9 -44.4 0.8 16.4 16.0 18 31E 67E
Feb -4.2 -11.3 -18.3 8.4 -36.7 0.6 10.8 10.5 18 34E 69E
Mar 2.2 -3.6 -9.3 8.3 -20.2 T 12.0 10.2 4 31E 59E
Apr 6.9 0.8 -5.3 24.9 -16.3 20.8 33.6 52.8 0 18E 91E
May 18.4 11.0 3.6 29.0 -6.6 50.4 T 50.4 0 32E 72E
Jun 20.9 13.9 6.8 30.0 2.6 46.2 0.0 46.2 0 34E 69E
Jul 23.0 15.6 8.0 28.7 3.5 35.8 0.0 35.8 0 23E 54E
Aug 24.0 16.0 8.0 35.6 -0.2 27.4 0.0 27.4 0 28E 65E
Sep 18.8 10.1 1.3 27.2 -5.9 21.8 0.0 21.8 0 21E 65E
Oct 12.8 4.3 -4.2 27.5 -11.5 10.6 T 10.6 0 30E 83E
Nov 5.5 -0.2 -5.9 15.7 -15.5 1.2 1.4 2.6 0 30B 70B
Dec -9.9 -16.3 -22.7 8.3 -38.3 2.0 26.0 24.2 14 32E 78E
Sum 217.6 100.2 308.5
Avg 9.2 2.1 -4.9
-
Xtrm 35.6 32E 91E
44.4
Monday, July 28, 2014 http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climateData/monthlydata_e.html?timeframe=3&Prov=AB&StationID=1865&Year=2008&Month=4&Day=3 Page 1 of 2 20

Weather Data
HEATING HOURS vs. OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
1,500 Hrs.
Distilled down; 1,400

DESIGN OUTDOOR
1,300
outdoor 1,200
TEMPERATURE - 32C
temperature 1,100
weather data can 1,000 TOTAL HEATING

HEATING HOURS
900 HOURS = 6,500

look something 800
like this. 700
600
500
How do we 400
utilize this 300

500 600 800 1,200 850 650 600 500 400 350
Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours
information? 200
100
50
Hours
0
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

Maximizing Performance - Design Temperatures
System Design for Condensing
Basic outdoor reset
curves SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR
F C
DESIGN OUTDOOR
210 99
TEMPERATURE -20C
High temp. - typical 200 93
baseboard SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE 190
180
88
82
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
180F SUPPLY
170 77
Medium temp. - 160 71
150 66
typical panel rads 140 60
AFUE RATING
140F SUPPLY
130 54
FLOOR
TEMPERATURE
Low temp. - typical
120 49
120F SUPPLY
110 43
radiant floor. 100 38
90 32
80 27
Typical only in 70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30
traditional designs OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE C


Return water RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR (20F DROP)

temperatures will 180 82
DESIGN OUTDOOR
RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE

dictate when
170 77 TEMPERATURE -20C
160 71
condensation starts 150 66

HIGH
TEMPERATURE
to occur 140
130
60
54
160F RETURN
120 49
AFUE RATING
20F temperature 110 43
120F RETURN
100 38
drops are traditional 90 32
in North American 80 27
system designs.
70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

Condensing
Occurs?
When flue gasses from (natural
gas) combustion are cooled
down below 135F (57C) - the
water vapour constituent starts
to condense.
More or less
Kinda, sorta
Ask your boiler manufacturer

Good condensing
RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR (20F DROP)
boiler + good heat 180 82
exch. surface area RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE

170 77
EVEN IN THIS HIGH
TEMPERATURE SYSTEM,
DESIGN OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE -20C
= natural gas flue 160 71

CONDENSING CAN OCCUR
DOWN TO -5C (23F)
HIGH
condensate @ (T 150 66
TEMPERATURE
140 60 160F RETURN
Return) < 135F 130 54 CONDENSING STARTS
120 49
Many designs are

AFUE RATING
110 43
120F RETURN
challenged at 100
90
38
32
higher firing rates. 80 27
70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30
I use 125F return OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE C
in examples

This chart shows OUTDOOR RESET CONCEPT
how valuable it is to PARTIAL RESET OF WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR (20F DROP)
be able to lower 190
180
88
82
TEMPERATURE
180 82
return water TEMPERATURE

170
170
160
77
77
71
HIGH TEMP. SUPPLY
CONDENSING DOWN TO
@ DESIGN = 180F
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
160F RETURN
temperatures with
-12C (10F)
160 71
150 66 SUPPLY TEMP @ 65%
150 66 MEDIUM
condensing boilers 140
140
60
60
CAPACITY = 140F DESIGN
TEMPERATURE
OUTDOOR
140F RETURN
130
130
54
54
CONDENSING STARTS TEMPERATURE
WATER
-32C
120
120 49
49 AFUE
WATER
Conventional boilers 110

110 43
43
65% of DESIGN
OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE
120F RETURN
were rated and

RETURN
100
100 38
38 TEMPERATURE
SUPPLY
-14C
90
90 32
32
tested to AFUE 80
80 27
27
68F 20C
70F 21C
68F 59 50 41 32 23 14 5 -4 -13 -22 -26
20C
20C 15
15 1010 5 5 0 0 -5 -5 -10 -10 -15 -15 -20 -20 -25 -25
-30 -32-30
Whats wrong with OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE
that picture?

Many conventional RETURN WATER - 20F 6 T vs. OUTDOOR
F C
boiler aficionados 210 99
pooh-poohed the 200 93

HIGH

TEMPERATURE
concept of outdoor 190
180
88
82
180F SUPPLY
reset with a boiler at 170 77
AFUE temperatures 160
150
71
66
140 60
They were afraid of it 130 54 CONDENSING POINT

HIGH
TEMPERATURE
120 49
160F RETURN @
110 43 20F DELTA TEE
They had good 100
90
38
32
reason to be 80 27
70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

HEATING HOURS % CONDENSING
Even if your F C
210 99
boiler only 200 93
TOTAL HEATING
HOURS = 6,500
DESIGN
-32C
starts
190 88 CONDENSING
CONDENSING TO -12C (10.5F)
condensing with 180 82

HOURS = 4,800
HIGH
170 77
(APPROX. 75%)
return water 160 71
TEMPERATURE
160F RETURN
below 125 -This 150 66
high temp. 140 60
130 54 CONDENSING POINT

system will still 120 49
operate in 110 43
condensing 100
90
38
32
500
Hours
600
Hours
800
Hours
1,200
Hours
850
Hours
650
Hours
600
Hours
500
Hours
400
Hours
350
Hours
mode 75% of the 80 27

CONDENSING NON-CONDENSING
50
Hours
heating season. 70F 21C

20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

HEATING HOURS % CONDENSING
If your boiler can F C
start condensing 210 99

TOTAL HEATING
below 135F ? 200 93 HOURS = 6,500
RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE 190 88 CONDENSING
YEG
CONDENSING TO -17C (1.5F)
-32C
180 82
HOURS = 5,400
This high temp.
HIGH
170 77
(APPROX. 84%) TEMPERATURE
160 71 160F RETURN
system will 150 66
operate in 140 60 CONDENSING POINT

130 54
condensing mode 120 49
84% of the 110 43
100 38
heating season. 90 32
500
Hours
600
Hours
800
Hours
1,200
Hours
850
Hours
650
Hours
600
Hours
500
Hours
400
Hours
350
Hours
50
80 27 Hours
CONDENSING NON-CONDENSING
70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

Over-sizing Factor - Old Boiler Plant
(4) Over-Sizing Factor - Correct size (a) 0%
conditions - Oversized by 30% (c) 3% to 4%
- Oversized by 50% (d) 4% to 8%
Over-sized boilers short-cycle through most of the heating season.
Current efficiency standards have testing procedures where the

boiler is rated under full-fire, steady-state conditions. The ratings
are degraded when short-cycling occurs.
This factor is reduced when multiple boilers are used.


Burner Modulation - Turn-Down Ratio
(5) Burner Modulation (Turndown)
- 2:1 (a 2) - 2% to - 6%
2:1 - None (b 1) 2% to 4%
- 2:1 (b 2) 0%
4:1 - None (c 1) 3% to 5%
- 2:1 (c 2) 2% to 4%
5:1 - None (d 1) 5% to 7%
- 2:1 (d 2) 4% to 6%
- 2:1 (e 2) 6% to 8%
Modulation of burner input, or using multiple boilers, will allow

the boiler plant to right-size itself and match the heating load -
eliminating short-cycling for much of the heating season.

Boiler Mechanical Design
Reduce Short Cycling
When burner
modulation is limited, CYCLE EFFICIENCY - LONGER CYCLE = MORE EFFICIENT
high thermal mass is BURNER FULL CYCLE = MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY BURNER
required (long burner

ON OFF
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF

100%
runs). 90%
BOILER % EFFICIENCY
80% BOILER
A BOILER
70% B
With deep burner 60%
modulation 50%
40%
BOILER
C
capabilities, lower 30%
20%
thermal mass is better 10%
(rapid heat up/cool 0%

0% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%
down, tight load % RUN TIME / CYCLE
matching).

Boiler Mechanical Design
Reduce Short Cycling
SEASONAL HEATING LOAD PROFILE
ANNUAL BURNER RUN TIME AT VARIOUS FIRING RATES
Seasonal heating 55%
50%
profiles show that we
RUN TIME % ON TIME

45%
40%
are still not right

35%
30%
25%
sizing. 20%
15%
10%
0%
0% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%
% FIRING RATE 10:1 TURN DOWN

Burner modulation
helps SEASONAL HEATING LOAD PROFILE
ANNUAL BURNER RUN TIME AT VARIOUS FIRING RATES
Oversized equipment 55%
50%
RUN TIME % ON TIME

45%
requires higher turn- 40%
35%
down to be effective.
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
0%
0% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%
% FIRING RATE 5:1 TURN DOWN

Performance
Some New Ideas are Coming
Heat load profile chart established by NRCan for appliance
testing during the development of the P.10 Standard

Performance
Deep Modulation vs. Short Cycles
Heat load profile chart showing seasonal short cycling
based on different levels of turn-down

Supply Temperature - To the System
System supply temperature from 180F (82C) old vs 170F (77C) new (b) 1% to 2%
Boiler at design conditions (coldest 180F (82C) old vs 160F (71C) new (c) 2% to 4%
180F (82C) old vs 140F (60C) new (e) 6% to 8%
Taking steps to reduce the required design supply temperature will

allow a condensing boiler to operate at its most efficient.
Add insulation - eliminate drafts - replace old windows.
Replace high temperature terminal units with ones that require

lower water temperatures for the same heat delivery.

RETURN WATER - 140F @ 20F 6 T vs. OUTDOOR
F C
A combination of 210 99
these strategies can 200 93
reduce the RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE

190 88
180 82
required design 170 77
supply 160 71
HIGH TEMPERATURE
SUPPLY REDUCED
TO 160F
temperature.
150 66
140 60
Condensing 120
110
49
43 HIGH
boilers will operate 100 38
TEMPERATURE
140F RETURN @
at higher 90 32 20F DELTA TEE
efficiencies. 80 27
70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

HEATING HOURS % CONDENSING - 140 RETURN
If you can reduce F C
(T supply) to 210
200
99
93
TOTAL HEATING
HOURS = 6,500 DESIGN
160F and boiler -32C

190 88
CONDENSING
starts condensing 180 82
HOURS = 5,700
170 77
below 125F? 160 71
(APPROX. 88%) CONDENSING
TO -20C (-4F)
150 66
This high temp. 140
130
60
54 CONDENSING POINT HIGH
system will 120 49

TEMPERATURE
140F RETURN @
operate in 110 43
40F DELTA TEE
100 38
condensing 90 32
500
Hours
600
Hours
800
Hours
1,200
Hours
850
Hours
650
Hours
600
Hours
500
Hours
400
Hours
350
Hours
50
CONDENSING
Hours
NON-CONDENSING
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

Air handlers are easy to select for lower temperatures, often only the
next largest size will do the same job.
Caution on excessive velocities!
HEATING CAPACITY IN BTU/HR
AIR HANDLER ENTERING AIR TEMPERATURE @ 65F

ENTERING WATER ENTERING WATER ENTERING WATER ENTERING WATER
MODEL TEMP. @ 130F TEMP. @ 140F TEMP. @ 160F TEMP. @ 180F
MODEL 23 21,500 25,500 32,000 39,000
MODEL 40 37,000 43,000 55,000 67,000
MODEL 55 51,000 59,000 75,500 92,000
MODEL 99 92,000 106,000 135,000 164,500

Baseboard convectors can be lengthened, or installed with longer
element
Different models can deliver more output in the same lengths
HEATING CAPACITY IN BTU/HR/LIN. FT.
CONVECTOR ROOM AIR TEMPERATURE @ 65F

ENTERING WATER ENTERING WATER ENTERING WATER ENTERING WATER
MODEL TEMP. @ 120F TEMP. @ 140F TEMP. @ 160F TEMP. @ 180F
8 CAB - 3/4 271 417 550 718
24 CAB - 1/2 397 612 811 1,056
10 CAB - 1 3/4 440 678 898 1,170
24 CAB - 1 1/4 775 1,192 1,578 2,055
2 X LENGTH = 40F
REDUCTION DIFFERENT MODEL = 40F LESS

Different models = more output for same lengths

Delta Temperature - Across the System
Increasing system temperature drop = return water back to the

boiler at lower temperatures = more condensation, more often.
This strategy is most effective when return water @ 20 drop is

often just above the magic 125F temperature.

RETURN WATER - HIGH - 40F 6 T vs. OUTDOOR
F C
210 99
Operating the 200 93
high temp. RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE 190 88 HIGH

TEMPERATURE
system at a 40 180 82 180F SUPPLY
170 77
Delta Tee? 160 71
20F 6T
150 66
Condensation 140 60
CONDENSING POINT
130 54
will occur all the 120 49
way down to 110 43 HIGH

TEMPERATURE
-20C OAT 100 38
140F RETURN @
40F DELTA TEE
90 32
80 27
70F 21C
20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30

HEATING HOURS % CONDENSING - HIGH 6 T
If you can F C
210 99
increase T to 200 93
TOTAL HEATING
HOURS = 6,500 DESIGN
40F and boiler -32C

190 88
CONDENSING
starts condensing 180 82
HOURS = 5,700
170 77
below 125F? 160 71
(APPROX. 88%) CONDENSING
TO -20C (-4F)
150 66
This high temp. 140 60
HIGH
system will 120 49
TEMPERATURE
140F RETURN @
operate in 110 43
40F DELTA TEE
condensing 100
90
38
32
500
Hours
600
Hours
800
Hours
1,200
Hours
850
Hours
650
Hours
600
Hours
500
Hours
400
Hours
350
Hours
CONDENSING
50
Hours

20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20
NON-CONDENSING
-25 -30

A 20F Delta Tee

is not sacrosanct.
BOILER SUPPLY WATER
TEMPERATURE AVERAGE
Most heat OUT FROM THE SURFACE
TEMP. = 150F
BOILER 160F
terminal units can OUTPUT @
RETURN WATER 20F DELTA
operate at higher TEMPERATURE TEE = 100,000
BACK TO THE Btuh
temperature BOILER 140F
drops with very

little reduction in FLOW = 10 USgpm
output.

Bonus! You save

money and
energy on BOILER SUPPLY WATER
pumping as well. TEMPERATURE
OUT FROM THE
AVERAGE
SURFACE
BOILER 160F TEMP. = 140F
OUTPUT @
Variable speed RETURN WATER
TEMPERATURE
40F DELTA
TEE = 85,000
BACK TO THE
pumps that can BOILER 120F
Btuh
tweak system T,
are now readily FLOW = 4.25 USgpm
available.

Maximizing Performance - Mechanical & Control
Piping some
loads in series
can provide a 20F DELTA TEE
cumulative BOILER
temperature drop SUPPLY WATER
20F DELTA TEE

TEMPERATURE
OUT FROM THE
from a high
40
BOILER 180F
F
D
temperature load
EL
RETURN WATER
TA
TEMPERATURE
through a low
TE
BACK TO THE
E
BOILER 120F
temperature load.
Not for the

novice designer

Auxixiary Loads - Non-space heating
system connected to new system. floor warming, etc.
A highly variable factor

Can be HUGE if water temperatures required for the existing
auxiliary load need to be hot (using existing equipment)
Low temperature loads (pool - spa heating - snow melting -
make-up air heating can be a large part of the boiler plant load
Past practice was to size heat exchangers for high temperature
water - not good with condensing boilers

Adding it all up - The Estimate

(1) Efficiency Rating Boiler output Old boiler
X 100 =
Boiler output New boiler Boiler input efficiency 5% to 30%
X 100 =
Boiler input efficiency Subtract Old from New % Rating
20 year old boiler - cast iron sectional - gas-fired

Rating plate is 82%
Good shape - clean
(1) Efficiency Rating 82,000 Btuh
95,000 Btuh 100,000 Btuh
X 100 = 82% 5% to 30% 13%
100,000 Btuh X 100 = 95% Subtract Old from New % Rating


(2) Venting Type - Natural Draft / w Draft Hood (a) 3% to 15%
Power Vented, Sealed Vent - Forced Draft / w Barometric (b) 2% to 5%
45 high B vent - open draft hood

Strong draft, minimal corrosion
(2) Venting Type - Natural Draft / w Draft Hood
Power Vented, Sealed Vent --------------------------------------- 4% to 6%

Function Range Savings Estimate - %
(1) Efficiency Rating 5% to 30% - 13%
(2) Venting Type 2% to 15% - 4% to 6%
(3) Reset Strategy 2% to 10% -
(4) Over-Sizing Factor 0% to 10% -
(5) Burner Modulation 0% to 12% -
(6) T Supply 0% to 8% -
(7) T System 0% to 6% -
Total 9% to 75%
Additional Savings
(8) Non-heating Loads 2% to 25% -
Sub-total = 17% to 19%


water temperature - Full Outdoor Reset (Mixing) (c) 2% to 4%
Old boiler minimum temperature = 140F

WWSD at 65F
(3) Reset Strategy - ------------
Full Outdoor Reset of Boiler - Partial Outdoor Reset (Boiler) 3% to 4%
water temperature - -------------


(4) Over-Sizing Factor - Correct size (a) 0%
conditions - Oversized by 30% (c) 3% to 4%
- Oversized by 50% (d) 4% to 8%
Heat loss calculation = 65,000 Btuh

Old boiler output = 82,000 Btuh
Old boiler was over-sized by 26%

(4) Over-Sizing Factor - ----
Correct size for design - Oversized by 20%
conditions - Oversized by 30% 2% to 4%
- ------
- --------

- 2:1 (a 2) - 2% to - 6%
2:1 - None (b 1) 2% to 4%
- 2:1 (b 2) 0%
4:1 - None (c 1) 3% to 5%
- 2:1 (c 2) 2% to 4%
5:1 - None (d 1) 5% to 7%
- 2:1 (d 2) 4% to 6%
- 2:1 (e 2) 6% to 8%
Old boiler - On / Off, high-mass Water / Iron

New Boiler 5:1 Turn-down
---- -----
----
---- - ---
-----
---- - ----
- ----
5:1 - None 5% to 6%
-----
----- - ----
- ----

System supply temperature from 180F (82C) old vs 170F (77C) new (b) 1% to 2%
Boiler at design conditions (coldest 180F (82C) old vs 160F (71C) new (c) 2% to 4%
180F (82C) old vs 140F (60C) new (e) 6% to 8%
New - low-E glass windows

Weather stripping - whole house
Attic insulation upgrade
Originally over-sized radiators
New design supply = 160F
(6) T Supply -------
System supply temperature from -------
Boiler at design conditions (coldest 180F (82C) old vs 160F (71C) new
-------
2% to 4%
weather)
-------


No changes
(7) T System 20F (82C) old vs 20F (11C) new 0%
System temperature drop between -------
system supply and boiler return -------


system connected to new system. floor warming, etc.
None
(8) Non-heating Loads None
Auxiliary loads from old boiler 0%
system connected to new system.

Function Range Savings Estimate - %
(1) Efficiency Rating 5% to 30% - 13%
(2) Venting Type 2% to 15% - 4% to 6%
(3) Reset Strategy 2% to 10% - 3% to 4%
(4) Over-Sizing Factor 0% to 10% - 2% to 4%
(5) Burner Modulation 0% to 12% - 5% to 6%
(6) T Supply 0% to 8% - 2% to 4%
(7) T System 0% to 6% - 0%
Total 9% to 75% - 29% to 37%
Additional Savings
(8) Non-heating Loads 2% to 25% - 0%
Total Estimate = 29% to 37%


Wet is GOOD!

About Condensing Boilers: Roy Collver

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

About Condensing Boilers: Roy Collver

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

About Condensing Boilers

Webinar - July 30 - 2014

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 1

Q - What do you say when a

A - You say - Let me work on

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 2

Oil to nat. gas

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 3

savings (5) Burner Modulation (Turndown)

Monday, July 28, 2014 4

and is not endorsed by them. (5) Burner Modulation

estimating potential savings when using

Monday, July 28, 2014 5

SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE vs. OUTDOOR

160 71 AFUE RATING

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 6

Allows boilers to run at low water temperatures when possible

Known to effectively enhance condensing boiler efficiency in older

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 7

180F WATER HEATS

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 8

NO HEAT LOST TO OUTSIDE

No heat loss THERMOSTAT SET TO

System off 68F

Monday, July 28, 2014 9

HEAT LOST TO OUTDOORS

Monday, July 28, 2014 10

Boiler operates at 150

soon as heat is 100 38

TURN BOILER ON AT 68F

room temperature OUTDOOR AIR TEMPERATURE

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 11

Monday, July 28, 2014 12

Heat input from 160 71

SUPPLY TEMP @ 65%

the boiler 140 60

Heat loss from 68F 20C

the building 20C 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -32

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 13

more even - energy 115F WATER TEMPERATURE

is saved 175F WATER RETURNED TO BOILER

Monday, July 28, 2014 14

Conventional boilers COOL RETURN POOR VENTING ACTION,

Condensate could 120F SUPPLY / 100F RETURN

- Copyright Roy Collver, All Rights Reserved

Monday, July 28, 2014 15

kept high enough 130

to avoid flue gas 110 43

supply temp. is a OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

Monday, July 28, 2014 16

temperatures lasso radiator 180F

Monday, July 28, 2014 17

When does Condensing Occur?

How does Outdoor Reset

How low can we go?