Failure Theories: Static

failure of brittle
materials
Design 1
Mechanical Engineering Faculty
Engineering Division
Universidad Santo Toms
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Brittle Materials
f 0.05; Suc Sut
Stress analysis MUST include stress
concentration factors
Types of fracture:
Tension Test Torsion Test

From NSW HSC Online Website From Missouri S&T IDE120 Website
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Static Fragile Theories

MPS (MNS): Maximum-Principal (Normal)-

Stress Theory: a material fails by
fracturing when the maximum principal
stress (either tension or compression)
exceeds the ultimate strength of the
material as obtained from an standard
tensile or compressive test.

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 MPS Theory

xy

Adapted from Budynas-Nisbett, pgs 76, 83, 213.

Triaxial Principal Sut Suc

1 ; 3
state of state of N N
stress stress
MPS
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 MPS Theory: Plane Stress

FAILURE
ZONE
N<1

SAFETY
ZONE
N>1

Adapted from Budynas-Nisbett, pg 226

A, B are the in-plane principal stresses, the out-of-plane principal stress is zero.
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Mohr Theory

Simple
Compression Simple tension

Torsion

Failure locus
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BCM: Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr
Theory

Simple
Compression Simple tension

-Suc Sut

BCM
1 3 1 3 1
Linear Failure locus: 1
Sut Suc Sut Suc N
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 BCM: Plane Stress
FAILURE
ZONE
N<1

SAFETY
ZONE
N>1

Adapted from Budynas-Nisbett, pg 221

A, B are the in-plane principal stresses, the out-of-plane principal stress is zero.
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 MM: Modified Mohr Theory
MM
Suc Sut 1 3 1 FAILURE
Sut Suc Suc N ZONE
N<1

SAFETY
Torsion load line (-45)
ZONE
N>1

A, B are the in-plane principal stresses, the out-of-plane principal stress is zero.
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Comparison of the theories

Biaxial fracture of gray cast iron

(from Budynas-Nisbett, pg 228) 10
 Resume

Static strength for brittle materials ultimate

stress (either tensile or compressive)

Failure theories for brittle materials: MPS(MNS),

BCM and MM.

Failure theories for brittle materials can be applied

for ductile materials with ductile-brittle transition

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Resume
BCM can be applied for ductile materials with
Syc > Syt, i.e, DCM (Ductile-Coulomb-Mohr):
1 3 1

S yt S yc N

MM is more suitable for brittle materials with

A > 0 and B < 0 (fourth quadrant)

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References
Budynas and Nisbett. Shigleys Mechanical Engineering
Design. 8th ed, 2006.

Urugal, A.C. Mechanical Design. 2004.

HSC Online Tensile Testing website:

http://hsc.csu.edu.au/engineering_studies/lifting/3210/ind
ex.html

Missouri University of Science and Technology Materials

Testing IDE120 website:
http://classes.mst.edu/ide120/lessons/torsion/fracture/ind
ex.html
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any questions?

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