StudioSC Xinstructions CH 02 14 Aug2015 PDF

OLI STUDIO: SCALECHEM
MANUAL
Instructions List
Chemistry in Brine Production

Copyright 2015
Aqueous Process Simulations, Inc.
All rights reserved.
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This material may not be printed without the following acknowledgement page.
About the Instructions Manual
This manual is the abbreviated version of the longer OLI Studio: ScaleChem (SSC) training manual. This
manual accompanies the Chemistry in Brine Production course provided by AQSim. For a full copy of the
training manual, please visit http://courses.aqsim.com/StudioSC/V9.2/.
Table of Contents
Chapter 2 Brine Analysis & Scale Scenarios Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity
Task 1 Add a Brine Analysis Task 1 Quantifying Alkalinity of Certain Anions
Task 2 Add a Scale Scenario Task 2 Non-Carbonate Alkalinity Contributions
Task 3 Alkalinity Titration Curves
Chapter 3 Gas Analysis Task 4 Effects of Temperature and Salinity on
Task 3 Add a Gas Analysis
Carbonate Alkalinity
Task 4 Recalculate the Scale Scenario
Task 5 Effects of Temperature and Salinity on
Chapter 4 Reservoir Saturation Acetate Alkalinity
Task 5 Add a Saturation Calculation Chapter 11 Bathos P132 Production
Task 6 Recalculate Scale Scenario
Task 1 Create the Bathos P-132 Brine
Chapter 5 Contour Diagrams Task 2 Create the Bathos P132 Gas
Task 7 Create an Initial Contour Diagram Task 3 Create the Bathos P132 Crude Oil
Task 8 Explore the Contour Variables Task 4 Add a Scale Scenario
Task 5 Add a Saturator
Chapter 6 Building a New Case Task 6 Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the
Task 1 Add a New Brine Saturated Brine and Oil
Task 2 Add a New Gas Task 7 Add a Contour Diagram
Task 3 Add a New Scale Scenario
Task 4 Add a New Reservoir Saturator Chapter 12 Mixing Waters
Task 5 Recalculate Scale Scenario Task 1 Create an Injection Water
Task 6 Add a New Contour Diagram Task 2 Add a Mixing Water Calculation
Task 3 Add an Acid
Chapter 7 Facilities Calculation Task 4 Titrate the Acid Solution
Task 1 Create a Production Operation Case Task 5 Create a Duplicate Tertiary Aquifer
Task 2 Create the Olympus Choke
Task 3 Create the Titan Choke Chapter 13 Gladys McCall
Task 4 Create the Pipe Manifold Task 1 Add New Brine and Gas Analyses
Task 5 Build a Pipeline Task 2 Run a Scale Scenario
Task 6 Create the Slug Catcher Task 3 Create the Original Reservoir Saturator
Task 7 Create the Separator Task 4 Create the Current Reservoir Saturator
Task 8 Complete and Review the Process Task 5 Run the Current Fluid in a Scaling Scenario
Task 6 Create an Injection Brine
Chapter 8 Offshore High Pressure Gas Task 7 Saturate the Injection Brine at Surface
Task 1 Add a Brine Analysis Task 8 Create an Initial Mixing Calculation
Task 2 Add a Gas Analysis Task 9 Reduce the Injection Brine pH
Task 3 Calculate the H2O Content in Gas Task 10 Recalculate the Mixing Water
Task 4 Create a Reservoir Object
Task 5 Calculate the Scaling Scenario Chapter 14 Bathos-Gladys McCall Facilities
Task 1 Create the Production Operation Case
Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift Task 2 Create the Bathos Wellhead
Task 1 Add the GLV Brine analysis Task 3 Create the Bathos Separator
Task 2 Add the Gas Cap Analysis Task 4 Create the Gladys McCall Wellhead
Task 3 Add the GLV Oil (Reservoir Oil) Task 5 Create the Gladys McCall Separator
Task 4 Add the Lift Gas Analysis Task 6 Create the Holding Tank
Task 5 Add the GLV-Reservoir (Saturator) Task 7 Create the Injection Well
Task 6 Add the Well Production (Facilities) Task 8 Create the Injection Reservoir
Task 9 Calculate and Review the Process
This material may not be printed without the following acknowledgement page.
Chapter 2 Olympus Brine Analysis and Scale
Scenario
Task 1 Add a Brine Analysis
Launch the software
From the menu bar, select File > Save As
Type Course Scenario or another title in the File name field, then press Save
Table 1: Olympus 1 Brine Analysis

Cations mg/L Anions mg/L Measured Properties
Na+1 36000 Cl-1 57000 Temperature 25C
K+1 300 SO4-2 250 Pressure 1 atm
Ca+2 600 HCO3-1 600 pH 7.67
Mg+2 150 Alkalinity ---
Sr+2 80 Density (g/ml) 1.064
Ba+2 5 Total Dissolved Solids 96280
(mg/l)
Add a Brine Analysis from the Actions pane or Menu (Streams> ScaleChem > Add
Brine)
Select the Description tab
Change the brine name to Olympus 1 Brine
Select the Design tab
Click on the Display dropdown button and select Formula
Enter the concentrations from Table 1
Select the Show Non-Zero Only box
Make sure to select the Dominant Ion balance option type
Review the Dominant Ion Charge and Ions needed to balance tables in Summary box
Select the Reconcile (blue vertical) tab
Enter the measured pH (7.67), Density (1.064 g/ml), and TDS (96280 mg/L)
Keep the Equilibrium Calculation option selected
Leave the Allow solids to form box unchecked
Select the Calculate button or press the <F9> key
Select the Report tab
Review the Phase Properties table
In the Report tab, scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies
Scroll down to the Brine Composition table
SSC Instructions List Chapter 2 Olympus Brine Analysis and Scale Scenario 1
Task 2 Create a New Scale Scenario Calculation
From the menu bar, select Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Scenario, or select the Add
Scale Scenario icon in the Actions pane
Select the Description tab or press the <F2> and rename the object Olympus 1 Scale
Scenario
Select the Design screen then the Inlets tab
Select the right corner of the first cell in the Type column then select Brine (bbl/day)
Select Olympus 1 Brine from the dropdown menu in the Name column
Enter 1400 (bbl/day) in the Flow column
Select the Conditions tab (vertical blue tab on the left hand side of the Design screen)
Type in the following conditions or use the dropdown menu within the Location cells
Olympus 1 Scale Scenario Locations

Location Temp ( C) Press (atm)
Reservoir 125 275
Bottom hole 125 260
Downhole 115 190
Midwell 105 130
Wellhead 100 100
Choke 90 80
Separator 60 30
Make sure the Solid button in the menu bar is selected

Select the vertical (red) Solid tab
Select the Standard checkbox
Calculate
Select the Plot tab
Select the View Data button
Select the Curves button
Remove all the variables in the Y1 Axis field by clicking on the Y1 Axis title bar
Click the double left arrows
Open the Solid category and move CaCO3 to the Y1 Axis by double-clicking the
component
Expand Additional Stream Parameters and move pH - Aqueous to the Y2 Axis by
using the double arrow >> next to the Y2 axis
Press OK and view the Data Table
Select the View Plot button
Save the file
SSC Instructions List Chapter 2 Olympus Brine Analysis and Scale Scenario 2
Chapter 3 Olympus Gas
Task 3 Create a New Gas Analysis
Select Streams > ScaleChem > Add Gas or select the Add Gas Analysis icon from the
Actions Pane
Select the Description tab, then rename the object Olympus 1 Gas
Switch the Display setting from Formula to Display Name
Switch the Template Manager from Standard to Expanded
Switch the Normalize Option from Makeup to Prorate
Enter the following composition and values in the Inflows grid:
Olympus 1 Gas
Formula Component Name mole %
H2O Water 1.80
N2 Nitrogen 3.00
CO2 Carbon dioxide 1.50
H2S Hydrogen sulfide 0.50
CH4 Methane 65.5
C2H6 Ethane 14.0
C3H8 Propane 8.00
C4H10 Isobutane 1.00
C4H10 n-Butane 3.00
C5H12 Isopentane 0.50
C5H12 n-Pentane 0.70
C6H14 n-Hexane 0.50
Select the Show Non-zero Only box
Task 4 Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the Gas
Select the Olympus 1 Scale Scenario icon in the Navigator pane
Select the Inlets grid
Click the bottom right corner of the 1st cell in the 2nd row then select Gas
Click the bottom right corner of the 2nd cell in the 2nd row then select Olympus 1 Gas
Enter a flow rate of 4000 std Mft3/day in the 3rd cell
Calculate or press the <F9> key
Select the Plot tab then select the Curves button
Select the Y1 Axis header to highlight all the Y1 variables
Select the double left arrow button to remove the variables
SSC Instructions List Chapter 3 Olympus Gas 3

Do the same for the Y2 Axis
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies button by clicking the + sign
Highlight CaCO3 and double-click or select the >> button and add it to the Y1 Axis
Click OK
Select the View Plot button
Save the file
SSC Instructions List Chapter 3 Olympus Gas 4

Chapter 4 Olympus Reservoir
Task 5 Add a Saturator Calculation
Open the Course Scenario file
Select Calculations>ScaleChem>Add Saturator from the menu bar or select the Add
Saturator icon from the Actions pane
Select the Description tag to rename the object Olympus 1 Reservoir
Use the pull-down menus to select the following Fluid types names, and flow rates
Olympus 1 Reservoir Inlets

Type Name Flow
Brine (bbl/day) Olympus 1 Brine 1400
Gas (std Mft3/day) Olympus Gas 4000
Enter the Reservoir conditions of 125C and 275 atm in the Conditions section
Select the Solid (blue) tab
In the Select Inflows to Vary grid, use the drop down menus in the cells of the Solid
column to select BaSO4 and CaCO3 (the Inflow column updates automatically)
Click the Report tab
Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table:
Scroll down to the Brine Composition tables
Scroll up to the Phase Properties table
Task 6 Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the Saturated Reservoir
Select the Olympus 1 Scale Scenario in the Navigator pane
Select the empty cells to the left of the first two rows then press the Delete key
With the inlets now empty, in the first row select Whole Fluid as the Type
In the Name column, select Olympus 1 Reservoir
Click the down arrow of the Flow cell and select <Automatic>
Select the Solid tab and make sure the Standard box is checked
Calculate
Select the Plot tab and select View Plot
Double-click to remove any variables in the Y1 Axis
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies field then double-click Dominant Pre-scaling
Tendencies
Press OK and view the Plot
Save the file
SSC Instructions List Chapter 4 Olympus Reservoir 5

Chapter 5 Olympus Production Contour Plot
Task 7 Create an Initial Contour Diagram
Add a Scale Contour by selecting Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Contour or double-
clicking-Add Scale Contour in the Actions Pane
Rename the object Olympus 1 Contour
Select the bottom right corner of the 1st cell in the Inlet grid and choose Whole Fluid
Select Olympus 1 Reservoir in the 2nd column
Keep the <Automatic> flow rate option in the 3rd column
Click the Conditions tab
In the Temperature Range field, keep the Log box unchecked
Change the Start to 60
Change the End to 125
Select the Increment radio button
Enter 5 as the increment
In the Pressure Range field, keep the Log box unchecked
Change the Start to 30
Change the End to 275
Select the Increment radio button (uncheck the Log box first)
Change the Increment to 15
Select the Solid tab
Place a check next to the Standard box
Save your work
Press the Calculate button
When the calculation is complete, select the Plot tab
View the Plot
Task 8 Explore the Contour Variables
Select the Contour button on the top right of the diagram
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category
Double-click BaSO4 (Barite)
Press OK
Select the Contour button
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category then double-click CaCO3 (Calcite)
SSC Instructions List Chapter 5 Olympus Production Contour Plot 6

pH Diagram
Expand the Additional Stream Parameters category
Double-click pH Aqueous
Press OK
Click on the View Data button and scroll down the table to see the general pH
Click on the View Plot button
Select Options button
Click the Contour category
Change the minimum and maximum values to 5.7 and 6
Press OK to close the window and view the plot
CO2 (aq) Concentration
Select the Aqueous category then
Double-click CO2
Press OK
CO2 (vap) K Value
Expand the K-Values category and select KCO2VAP: CO2VAP=CO2AQ
Close the window and review the plot
SSC Instructions List Chapter 5 Olympus Production Contour Plot 7

Chapter 6 Titan Production
Task 1 Add a New Brine
Add a new Brine Analysis and name it Titan 1 Brine
Enter the cations/anions from the table below in the Data Entry grid
Titan 1 Brine Analysis

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Neutrals mg/l Measured Data
Na+1 30000 Cl-1 40000 B(OH)3 100 Temp(C) 25
K+1 600 SO4-2 50 Pressure (atm) 1
Ca+2 150 HCO3-1 500 pH 7.5
Mg+2 150 C2H3O2-1 200 Alkalinity 600
Sr+2 50
Ba+2 25
Fe+2 2
Select the show non-zero option and keep the default balance option
Select the Reconcile (blue) tab
Enter the Measured Data from the table above
(default temperature and pressure; 7.5 pH; 600 mg HCO3/L Alkalinity)
Select the pH Alkalinity Reconcile option
Save the file
SSC Instructions List Chapter 6 Titan Production 8

Task 2 Add a New Gas
Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Titan 1 Gas
Select the Display Name option
Select the Expanded template
Select the Prorate normalization
Enter the following composition:
Formula Component name Mole %

H2O Water 2.40
N2 Nitrogen 1.00
CH4 Methane 72.6
C2H6 Ethane 6.40
C3H8 Propane 4.00
C4H10 n-Butane 3.00
C6H14 n-Hexane 0.50
C6H12 cis-2-Hexene 0.40
C7H16 n-Heptane 0.40
C8H18 2,2,4- 0.30
Trimethylpentane
C8H18 n-Octane 0.30
C9H20 n-Nonane 0.10
C10H22 n-Decane 0.10
Check the Show Non-zero Only box

Save the file
Task 3 Add a New Saturator
Add a Saturator and name it Titan 1 Reservoir
In the first row, select Brine as the type, select Titan 1 Brine as the name, and add a
600 bbl/day flow
In the next row, select Gas as the type, select Titan 1 Gas as the name, and add a 3000
std Mft3/day flow
In the Conditions field, enter the Reservoir conditions of 120C and 110 atm

Check the Standard solid box in the Solid Selection field
In the Select Inflows To Vary grid, make selections in the Solid column by clicking the
bottom right corner of cells to open a list of Solids or Inflows
In the first row, select BaSO4 as the Solid
Click the Inflow cell, which will update automatically
Keep BaSO4 as the Inflow
In the second row, select CaCO3 as the Solid
Click the Inflow cell to open the list of inflows
Scroll through the list and select NaHCO3 as the inflow
Calculate then select the Report tab
Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies and Brine Composition tables
Save the file
Task 4 Add a New Scale Scenario
Add a Scale Scenario and name it Titan 1 Scaling
In the first row of the Inlets grid, select Whole Fluid as the Type
In the next cell, select Titan Reservoir [Aqueous] as the name
In the third cell, keep the <Automatic> flow rate
Select the Conditions (blue) tab
Enter the location names, temperatures, and pressures from the from the table below (if
a condition is not available in from the dropdown menu, type it in)
Titan 1 Scaling Locations

Location Temp. (C) Pres. (atm)
Reservoir 120 110
Perforations 120 100
2000 m 110 90
1000 m 100 80
Wellhead 90 70
Slug Catcher 60 50
Separator 50 40
Select the Solid tab then check the Standard box

Select the Calculate button or press <F9>
Select the Plot tab
Save the file

Task 5 Add a New Contour Diagram
Add a Scale Contour by selecting Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Contour or double-
clicking-Add Scale Contour in the Actions Pane
Rename the object Titan Contour
Select the bottom right corner of the 1st cell in the Inlet grid and choose Whole Fluid
Select Titan Reservoir in the 2nd column
Keep the <Automatic> flow rate option in the 3rd column
In the Temperature Range field, keep the Log box unchecked
Change the Start to 50.0
Change the End to 120.0
Select the Increment radio button
Enter 5.0 as the increment
In the Pressure Range field, deselect the Log box
Change the Start to 40.0
Change the End to 110.0
Select the Increment radio button (uncheck the Log box first)
Change the Increment to 5.0
Save the file
When the calculation is complete (this may take several minutes), select the Plot tab
View the Plot
Save the file

Chapter 7 Titan Olympus Production Facilities
Add a New Facilities Object

Select Calculations>ScaleChem > Add Facilities or select the Add Facilities action icon
Rename the stream Production Operations
Location Temp. (C) Pres. (atm)

Olympus choke 90 80
Titan Choke 90 70
TItan Pump 95 80
Pipe Manifold 75 75
Pipeline 60 65
Slug Catcher 50 55
Separator 40 40
Task 1 Create the Olympus Choke

Select the Add button
Double-click the node then type Olympus Choke as the name
Enter conditions of 90C and 80 atm
Beneath the conditions cells, select Whole Fluid as the Type
Select Olympus 1 Reservoir in the name column
Keep the <Automatic> flow rate
Task 2 Create the Titan Choke
In the Name cell field, type Titan Choke
In the inlets field, select Whole as the Type
SSC Instructions List Chapter 7 Titan Olympus Production Facilities 12

Select Titan 1 Reservoir in the name column
Keep the <Automatic> flow rate
Save the file
Task 3 Create the Titan Pump
In the Name cell field, type Titan Pump
In the inlets field, scroll down to select Brine from
Select Titan Choke
Task 4 Create the Pipe Manifold
In the Name cell field, type Pipe Manifold
In the first row, select Brine from then select Olympus Choke as the name
In the second row, select Brine from then select Titan Pump as the name
Save the file
Task 5 Build a Pipeline
In the Name cell field, type Pipeline
In the inlets field, select Brine from
Select Pipe Manifold as the name
Task 6 Create a Slug Catcher
In the Name cell field, type Slug Catcher
Select Pipeline as the name
Task 7 Create the Separator
In the Name cell field, type Separator
Select Slug Catcher as the name
Select the Separate Gas and Separate Oil boxes
Save the file

Task 8 - Complete and reviewing the process
Make sure the Calculate Alkalinity box is unchecked
Select the Calculate button
Select the Plot tab when the calculation is complete
Remove Dominant Pre-scaling Tendencies from the Y1 Axis
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click all the species except the
two FeS species
Press OK and review the plot
Save the file

Chapter 8 Offshore High Pressure Gas Production
with Low Water Cut
Variable Value Units
Water flow 9 M3/day @ separator
Gas flow 2100 Std E3m3/day at separator
Separator Temperature 40 C
Separator Pressure 60 atm
Reservoir Temperature 130 C
Reservoir Pressure 650 atm
Task 1 Add a Brine Analysis

Launch the software again or select File > New if the software is already open
Select File > Save As and enter Offshore Production
Add a Brine Analysis
Press the <F2> key or use the Description tab to rename the stream Offshore Brine
Select the Design tab and enter the data from Table 1 below into the Data Entry grid
Table 1 Analysis of the water sampled at the separator.

Cations Conc, mg/l Anions Conc, mg/l Neutrals Conc, mg/l Measured Properties Value
Na+1 3600 Cl-1 5300 B(OH)3 pH 6.8
15
K+ 0.7 SO4-2 12 (Boric acid) Alkalinity 25
Ca+2 1.6 HCO3-1 0 Density 1.00
Mg+2 0.9 C2H3O2-1 37 Conductivity n/a
Sr+2 0.2 Br-1 4 TDS, mg/l 8950
Fe+2 0.1
Select the Expanded template to find ions not shown in the Standard template or simply
type them into an empty cell
Change the Entry options to Formula to make components easier to enter
Put a check mark on the Show Non-zero Only box
Click the Reconcile tab
Add the Measured Properties from Table 1
(6.8 pH, Alkalinity of 25 mg HCO3/L, Density of 1 g/ml, and TDS of 8950 m/L)
Select the pH Alkalinity Reconcile button
Calculate
Task 2 Add a Gas Analysis

Add a Gas Analysis
Select the Description tab, or press the <F2> and rename the object Offshore Gas
SSC Instructions List Chapter 8 Offshore High Pressure Gas Production with Low Water Cut 15
Select the Prorate normalization option
Enter the data from Table 2 into the Inflow grid
Table 2 Offshore Gas Composition

Component Display Name Mole%
H2O Water 0
N2 Nitrogen 1.0
CH4 Methane 92.7
C2H6 Ethane 2.1
C3H8 Propane 0.8
*C4H10 Isobutane 0.1
C4H10 n-Butane 0.2
*C5H12 Isopentane 0.5
C5H12 n-Pentane 0.1
C6H14 n-Hexane 0.15
C7H16 n-Heptane 0.15
C9H20 n-Nonane 0.3
Toggle the Display between Display name and OLI Tag to distinguish between isomers
When finished entering the components, select the Show Non-zero Only box
Task 3a Calculate the H2O Content in the Gas

Add a Saturator object
Name the object Offshore Separator
In the first row, select Brine as the Type
Click the blue unit text
Using the drop down menus, change the Brine Quantity units to m3/day
Change the Oil Quantity to m3/day
Change Gas Quantity to std E3m3/day (make sure the std is selected)
Change Whole Fluid Quantity to m3/day
Press OK to return to the Inlets screen
In the first row, next to Brine, select Offshore Brine in the Name cell
Enter a flow rate of 9 m3/day
In the second row, select Gas as the Type
Confirm that the gas flow units are std E3m3/day
Select Offshore Gas from the Name cell
Enter the flow rate of 2100 std E3m3/day
In grid below the inlets, change the conditions the Separator to 40C and 60 atm
View the Aqueous Volume in the Phase Properties table (results may differ)
Scroll up to the Phase Properties table
Record the moles of Vapor and 2nd Liquid (condensate)
Scroll down to the Oil and Gas Composition table
Record the fraction of H2O in the gas and Oil (condensate)
Calculate the H2O moles in the Oil and Gas phases
. %
= . = .
%
. %
= . = .
%
Task 3b Add the Missing Water

Click on the Global Stream object to expose all the objects in the Action pane
Click on the Add Stream object to create a new stream
Press the <F2> or use the Description tab to rename the stream Makeup Water
Select on the Offshore Separator object in the Navigator
Click the Design tab
In the third row, select Whole Fluid as the Type
Confirm that the flow rate is m3/day (if not, select the blue-lettered units and change the
units to m3/day in the edit units screen)
Select Makeup Water in the Name cell
Enter a flow rate of 2.43 m3/day (overwrite <Automatic>)
Calculate
Review the Brine volume in the Phase Properties table
Review the Gas and Oil composition specifically the H2O composition
Assume Mass is Conserved from the Separator Outlets and the Reservoir
Production Mass In = Gas+Oil +Brine Mass Out
Gas
Mass/Moles Out
Condensate
Separator
Production Mass/Moles Out
T/P known
Mass/Moles in
Equilibrium exists
Brine
Mass/Moles Out
Task 4 Create a Reservoir Object and Input the Separator Fluid

Add a Saturator object from the Action pane
Press the <F2> key or use the Description tab to rename it Offshore Reservoir
In the first row, click on the Type cell and select Whole Fluid
Confirm that the units are m3/day if not change them (please refer to page 8-5 for
directions on changing units)
Click on the Name call and select Offshore Separator
Select Automatic flow (note the units are m3/day)
Enter the reservoir conditions of 130C and 650 atm
Calculate
Click on the Report
Look at the Brine Volume (Aqueous column).
Confirm that the volumes are in m3/day
Scroll down to the Brine Composition table
Review the concentrations
Scroll up to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table
Review the phases which have Pre-Scaling values greater than 1
Save the file
Task 5 Calculate the Scaling Scenario
Add a Scaling Scenario
Give it the name Offshore Production
Select Whole Fluid in the Type row
Click the blue unit text
Change the Brine and Oil Quantity units to m3/Day, the Gas units to std E3m3/day, and
the Whole Fluid units to m3/day using the drop down menus then press OK
Press OK to return to the Inlets screen
Click on the Name cell and select Offshore Reservoir
Select Automatic flow
Click on the Conditions tab
Enter the following conditions into the grid
Offshore Production Conditions

Location Temp (C) Press (atm)
Reservoir 130 650
Bottomhole 130 630
SSSV 70 340
Tubing head 65 320
Choke 60 280
Flowline 5 200
Separator 41 60
Click on the Solid tab then select the Standard Solids button
Calculate or select the <F9> key
Click on the Plot to review the scale tendencies
Click on the Curves button
Remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis by selecting the Y1 Axis header then pressing
the << button
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category then double-click NaCl, FeCO3, and
CaCO3
Expand the Phase Flow Properties category then select Volume Aqueous and add it
to the Y2 Axis
Click OK to view the plot
Click on the View Data button to review the values
Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift
Gas to Sales
Gas Oil
Wellhead Oil to Sales
Separator Separator
Lift Gas 1200m MD Brine to

GLV exit Disposal
1250m MD
before GLV
Gas Cap
2450 m MD
Brine
Oil Reservoir 2500 m MD

Reservoir
oil/brine
Cementing Mineral
(Calcite)
Save and close any cases currently on the screen

Select File > New and save the file as Chapter 8 - Lift Gas Well
Task 1 Add the GLV Brine analysis
Add a new Brine Analysis name it
Enter the cations/anions from the table above in the Data Entry grid
GLV Brine Analysis

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Neutrals mg/l Measured Data
Na+1 15500 Cl-1 26000 B(OH)3 60 Temperature (C) 15
K+1 350 SO4-2 20 SiO2 26 Pressure (atm) 1
Ca+2 800 C2H3O2-1 30 pH 7.2
Mg+2 170 Alkalinity 140
Sr+2 120 TDS, mg/l 42000
Ba+2 60
Select the show non-zero option and keep the default balance option (Dominant Ion)
Enter the Measured Data from the table above (15C for temperature, 1atm pressure,
7.2pH, 140 mg HCO3/L alkalinity, 42000 Total Dissolved Solids)
Save the file
SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift 20

Task 2 Add the Gas Cap gas Analysis
Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Gas Cap
Gas Cap Analysis Composition

Formula Component name Mole % Formula Component name Mole %
H2O Water 0 C9H20 n-Nonane 0.11
N2 Nitrogen 2.1 C10H22 n-Decane 0.09
CO2 Carbon dioxide 1.33 C11H24 n-Undecane 0.07
CH4 Methane 90.5 C12H26 n-Dodecane 0.03
C2H6 Ethane 2.37 C13H28 n-Tridecane 0.02
C3H8 Propane 1.25 C14H30 n-Tetradecane 0.02
C4H10 Isobutane 0.46 C15H32 n-Pentadecane 0.01
C4H10 n-Butane 0.59 C16H34 n-Hexadecane 0.01
C5H12 Isopentane 0.32 C6H6 Benzene 0.01
C5H12 n-Pentane 0.34 C7H8 Toluene 0.02
C6H14 n-Hexane 0.44 C8H10 Ethylbenzene 0.02
C6H12 cis-2-Hexene 0 C8H10 1,3-dimethylbenzene 0.03
C7H16 n-Heptane 0.36 C8H10 1,2-dimethylbenzene 0.01
C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0

Task 3 Add the GLV Oil (Reservoir)
Add an Oil Analysis and label it GLV Oil
Enter the data in the following table
GLV Oil Analysis Composition

Formula Component name Mole % Formula Component name Mole %
H2O Water 0 C14H30 n-Tetradecane 1.86
N2 Nitrogen 1.5 C15H32 n-Pentadecane 1.86
CO2 Carbon dioxide 1.19 C16H34 n-Hexadecane 1.49
CH4 Methane 38.69 C17H36 n-Heptadecane 1.30
C2H6 Ethane 3.38 C18H38 n-Octadecane 1.29
C3H8 Propane 3.11 C19H40 n-Nonadecane 1.19
C4H10 Isobutane 2.66 C20H42 n-Eicosane 0.91
C4H10 n-Butane 2.44 C21H44 n-Heneicosane 0.82
C5H12 Isopentane 2.02 C22H46 n-Docosane 0.74
C5H12 n-Pentane 1.57 C23H48 Tricosane 0.67
C6H14 n-Hexane 3.24 C24H50 n-Tetracosane 0.57
C6H12 cis-2-Hexene 0 C25H52 n-Pentacosane 0.50
C7H16 n-Heptane 3.7 C6H6 Benzene 0.08
C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0 C7H8 Toluene 0.37
C8H18 n-Octane 2.87 C8H10 Ethylbenzene 0.34
C9H20 n-Nonane 2.45 C8H10 1,3-dimethylbenzene 0.65
C10H22 n-Decane 2.80 C8H10 1,2-dimethylbenzene 0.29
C11H24 n-Undecane 2.63 Pseduocomponent (next step)
C12H26 n-Dodecane 2.36 C30PLUS PseudoC30 6.15
C13H28 n-Tridecane 2.33 nBP=476 MW= 394
Select the Pseduocomponents tab

Type the name C30PLUS then press <Enter>
Give it a value of 6.15
Enter the Normal Boiling Point (C) of 476
Enter the Molecular Weight of 394
Select the Combined tab and check if the Pseudocomponent registered
Task 4 Add the Lift Gas Analysis
Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Lift gas

Lift Gas Composition
Formula Component Name Lift Gas
N Nitrogen 1.9
CH4 Methane 81.35
C2H6 Ethane 7.2
C3H8 Propane 4.87
C4H10 n-Butane 1.71
C6H14 n-Hexane 0.13
Select the Reconcile tab and enter conditions of 15C and 1 atm
Task 5 Add the GLV-Reservoir (Saturator object)
Add a Saturator and name it GLV Reservoir
Select Tools > Units Manager
Use the first dropdown field to change the units to Scale Metric then press OK
In the Inlets tab, select Brine from the first blank Type cell
Select GLV brine from the name cell , and add a 96 m3/day flow
In the next row, select Oil type, select GLV Oil as the name, and add a 1000 std
E3m3/day
In the Conditions field, enter the Reservoir conditions of 107C and 170 atm
Check the CaCO3 (calcite) box in the Solid Selection field
In the Select Inflows To Vary grid, select CaCO3 as the Solid
Click the Inflow cell to open the list of inflows
Scroll through the list and select NaHCO3 as the inflow
Save the file

Task 6a Add the Well Production (Facilities)
Gas to Sales
Gas Oil
Wellhead Oil to S ales
Separator Separator
Lift Gas 1200m MD Brine to

GLV exit Dispo sal
1250m MD
before GLV
Gas Cap
2450 m MD
2500 m MD
Reservoir
oil/brine
Add a Facilities object and name it GLV Production

Select Tools > Units Manager
Use the first dropdown field to change the units to Scale Metric then press OK
In the Inflow Specs tab, add a total of nine nodes by pressing the Add button 8 times
Enter the following inlets and conditions
Descriptions of GLV Production Nodes in Facilities Calculation

Node Node Name T (C) P (atm) Type Inlet Name Flow Separate
1 2500m MD 107 170 Whole Fluid GLV Reservoir Automatic
2 2450m MD 107 150 1. Brine from 1. 2500m MD 1. Calculated
2. Gas 2. Gas Cap 2. 5 std E3m3/day
3 1250m MD before GLV 95 100 Brine from 2450m MD Calculated
4 1200m MD GLV exit 81 53 1. Brine from 1. 1250m MD before GLV 1. Calculated
2. Gas 2. Lift Gas 2. 30 std E3m3/day
5 Wellhead 60 70 Brine from 1200m MD GLV exit Calculated
6 Gas Separator 40 30 Brine from Wellhead Calculated Gas, Oil
7 Oil Separator 70 15 Oil from Gas Separator Calculated Gas, Oil
8 Gas to Sales 15 1 1. Gas from 1. Gas Separator 1. Calculated
2. Gas from 2. Oil Separator 2. Calculated
9 Brine to Disposal 15 1 1. Brine from 1. Gas Separator Calculated
2. Brine from 2. Oil Separator Calculated
Save the file

Task 6b Studying the Facilities plot/report and making modifications to the
calculations
Press the <F9> key or the Calculate button
Select the Curves
Expand the Phase Flow Properties then doubleclick the following curves:
Volume, Std. Conditions Vapor, Volume, Std. Conditions Second Liquid, and Volume
Aqueous
Press OK then select the View Data button
Remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis
Expand MBG Aqueous Totals and double-click Ba(+2), Ca+2, Cl(-1), and S(+6)
Press OK and view the table
Press the Curves button and remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis
Expand the Additional Stream Parameters category and double-click pH
Expand the Pre Scaling Tendencies category and double-click Dominant
Expand the Solids category and plot any solids
Press OK and view the table

Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity
Quantifying Alkalinity of Certain Anions
Create a new file called Alkalinity
Add a new brine analysis
Rename it Alkalinity
Bicarbonate
Find HCO3-1 in the Anions grid and give it a value of 100 mg/l
Select the Reconcile tab
Calculate at default reconciliation conditions (Equilibrium Calculation)
Document the pH and alkalinity
In the Navigator pane, right-mouse click Alkalinity and press copy
Right-mouse click the Streams icon, then select paste, repeating this 7 times
Rename the objects so that the anion they contain will be easily identifiable:
Alkalinity-Bicarbonate
Alkalinity-Carbonate
Alkalinity-Hydroxide
Alkalinity-Acetate
Alkalinity-Borate
Alkalinity-Sulfate
Alkalinity-Chloride
Alkalinity-Bisulfide
Carbonate
Select the Alkalinity-Carbonate brine analysis stream
Remove the 100 mg/l HCO3-1 and add 100 mg/l CO3-2
Select the Reconcile tab and recalculate
Hydroxide
Select the original Alkalinity or the Hydroxide brine analysis stream
Remove the HCO3- concentration and add 100 mg/l OH-
Non-Carbonate Alkalinity contributions

Acetate
Select the original Alkalinity or the Acetate brine analysis stream
Zero out any existing concentrations and add 100 mg/l acetate C2H3O2-1
SSC Instructions List Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity 26

Borate
Select the original Alkalinity or the Borate brine analysis stream
Remove any existing concentrations and add 100 mg/l borate, B(OH)4-1
Sulfate
Select the original Alkalinity or the Sulfate brine analysis stream
Remove any existing concentrations and add 100 mg/l sulfate (SO42)
Chloride
Select the original Alkalinity or the Chloride brine analysis stream
Remove any existing concentration and add 100 mg/l chloride (Cl-) then
Bisulfide
Select the original Alkalinity or the Bisulfide brine analysis stream
Remove any existing concentration and add 100 mg/l bisulfide (HS )
Alkalinity Titration Curves

Create the 1N HCl Reagent with Studio ScaleChem
Add a new brine analysis
Name it 1 N HCl
Type HCL in the neutrals section with 36,453 mg/l
Select the show non-zero box
Select the Reconcile tab then calculate
Save the file
Create the 1N HCl Reagent with Stream Analyzer
Select the Global Streams icon in the Navigator pane
Double-click the Add Stream icon in the Actions pane
Press the <F2> key and change the name to 1N HCL
Select the Units Manager then use the Quicklist button to pick Metric, concentration
Press OK then enter HCl as an inflow with a concentration 36,453 mg/L
Create an Alkalinity Titration
Add a Mixing Water object
Rename it Alkalinity Titrator
Change the Brine Volumes to ml (per day)
Select the bottom right corner of the Name cell and pick 1 N HCL as the first brine
Set the total volume to 1000 mL/day

Bicarbonate Titration Curve
Select the bottom right corner of the Name cell in the Second Brine row and pick the
Alkalinity Bicarbonate (the original Alkalinity brine) as the second brine
Select the blue, vertical Conditions tab
Type 2 in the first column and first row then press tab and type 0 in the second row
Change the Auto Steps amount to 20 then select the Auto Step button
Select the Plot tab and select the Curves button
Remove all existing plot variables in the Y1 Axis by highlight the Y1 axis header then
select the << arrow button
Expand the Aqueous category and add HCO3-1 to the Y1 axis
Expand the Additional Stream Parameters category and add pH-Aqueous to the Y2
axis
Press OK and view the plot
Click the View Data button
Copy the data to a spreadsheet program by holding down the left arrow, highlighting all
the points and pressing <Ctrl+C>
Carbonate Titration Curve
Return to the Design >> Inlets screen
Replace the second brine with the Alkalinity Carbonate stream
Select the Conditions tab and change the 1N HCl flow from 2 ml to 4 ml (top cell)
Make sure Auto steps are at 20 and select the Auto Step button then calculate
Select the Plot tab then select the curves button
Add CO3-2 from the Aqueous categories to the Y1 Axis
Press OK and view the Plot
Click on the View Data button then copy data to a spreadsheet program.
Save the file
Hydroxide Titration Curve
Return to the Design>Inlets tabs and replace the Carbonate stream with Hydroxide
Select the Conditions, tab then overwrite the first cell with 7 ml
Press the auto step button, press calculate then plot pH and OH - (mg/l)
Calculate
Remove the carbonates
Add OH- from the Aqueous section to the Y1 axis
Select the view data button and copy the data to a spreadsheet and Save the file
Acetate Titration Curve
Repeat the same procedure for Acetate
Determine what the maximum HCl volume needs to be (largely through trial and error)

Always reset the auto steps to 20
Press calculate then plot pH on the Y2 Axis and acetate ion (C2H3O2-1)to the Y1 axis
Click on the View Data button then copy the data to a spreadsheet program
Borate Titration Curve
Redo the calculation for Borates
Decide upon which species are important to plot
Click on the View Data button and copy data to a spreadsheet program
Sulfate Titration Curve
Repeat for Sulfate
Click on the View Data button and copy the data to a spreadsheet program
Save the file
Bisulfide Titration Curve
Change the mixer to accept the bisulfide alkalinity as the 2nd brine either by adding the
Alkalinity Bisulfide brine or by redoing the alkalinity brine for bisulfide
Set the maximum flow in the conditions tab to 4 e-6
Set the steps to 20 then press Auto Step button and calculate
Plot pH on the Y2 Axis and bisulfide (H2S) ion on the Y1 axis
Click on the View Data button copy data to a spreadsheet program
Interpreting the Titration Data

Move to the spreadsheet
plot the pH vs. Ratio of brines
Plot the species concentrations vs. pH
Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Carbonate Alkalinity
Return to the original Alkalinity (or Alkalinity-Bicarbonate) brine
Add 23000 mg/l Na+ and 35453 mg/l Cl-
Return to the Alkalinity Titrator object and select the Inlets tab
Change the second brine to the new Alkalinity-Bicarbonate brine
Set the Max HCl to 2ml and press the Auto Steps
Calculate, Select the Plot tab, then the Curves button
Remove all the variables from the Y1 and Y2 axes
Add pH-Aqueous from the Additional Stream Parameters section the Y1 Axis
Copy the data to the Spreadsheet and plot original HCO3- titration with this one
Click on the Alkalinity Titrations Inlets tab and change the temperature to 75C
Calculate
Plot the pH vs. HCl ratio for the three 100 mg/l HCO3- calculations (25C, 25C & 1N NaCl,
and 75C & 1N NaCl).
Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Acetate Alkalinity

Return to the Alkalinity brine
Keep the 23000 mg/l Na+ and 35453 mg/l Cl- erase HCO3-1 and add 100 mg/l acetate-1
Balance and calculate
Return to the Alkalinity Titration stream and set the maximum HCl ratio to 0.002.
Calculate recalculate so as to create the following pH vs. HCl ratio plot

Chapter 11 Bathos P 132
Task 1 Create the Bathos P-132 Brine
Start the OLI Studio and start working from a new file
From the menu bar, select File > Save As
Name the file Bathos-GM Scenario or another name, then press Save
Add a Brine Analysis and rename it Bathos P132
Enter the composition from the table below in the Data Entry grid
Bathos P132 Brine Analysis

Ca+2 250 SO4-2 16 Pressure 1 atm
Mg+2 35 HCO3-1 217 pH 7.2
Sr+2 15 Alkalinity 217
Ba+2 0.3 Density 1.001
Fe+2 2.1
Select the Show Non-Zero Only box

Look in the lower right of the Summary box and note the charge balance output.
Enter the measured pH (7.2), alkalinity (217), and density (1.001)
Select the Report tab and review the Phase Properties table
Turn on the Allow Solids to Form Button
Select the Design tab then select the Reconcile grid
Select the Allow solids to form button
Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table
Scroll up to the top table in the Report tab and compare these properties with the
previous calculations properties
Comparing Results
Scroll down to the Brine Totals
Compare the Ca+2 and HCO3- concentrations to the values entered
SSC Instructions List Chapter 11 Bathos P 132 31

Turn Off the Allow Solids to Form Button
Return to the Design tab
Uncheck the Allow solids to form button
Calculate then save the file
Task 2 Create the Bathos P132 Gas
Add a new Gas Analysis then rename it P132 Gas
Switch the Normalize Option from Makeup to Prorate
Enter the following composition and values in the Inflows grid:
P132 Gas
Component mole %
H2O 1.3
CO2 2
CH4 96.7

Select Saturate with H2O from the dropdown box
Calculate
Save the file

Task 3 Create the Bathos P132 Crude Oil
Add an Oil Analysis then rename it P132 Crude
Click the Assay tab, the third vertical tab from the top
In the <Enter Assay Name> cell, type ASSAY, then press the <Tab> key
In the Entry Options field, keep the ASTM D86 type
Keep API-8 as the Thermo Method
Enter the value 39 in the Density box
Select API Gravity
Change the number of cuts to 12
Enter the volumes and temperatures from the bottom right table in the Distillation Data
grid
Name ASSAY Volume% Temparture(C)

Entry Options 1 16
Type ASTM D86 5 21
Assay Data
Thermo API-8 10 31
Density # 39 20 38
Distillation data
Density API Gravity 30 52

No. of Cuts 12 40 59
50 67
60 87
70 101
80 119
90 142
95 158
100 197
Change the Assay mole% from 0% to 100%

Select the Saturate with H2O option
Calculate
Save the file

Task 4 Add a Scale Scenario
Add a Scale Scenario and rename it P132 Scale Scenario
First Row: Brine
In the Type column, select Brine (bbl/day)
In the Name column, select Bathos P-132
In the Flow column, enter 1000
Second Row: Gas
In the Type column, select Gas (std Mft3/day)
In the Name column, select P132 Gas
Third Row: Oil
In the Type column, select Oil (std bbl/day)
In the Name column, select P132 Crude
Select the Conditions tab
Enter the following conditions:
P132 Scale Scenario Locations

Location Temp ( C) Press (atm)
Reservoir 99 252
FBHP 88 218
Midwell 82 184
Midwell2 71 122
Wellhead 71 68
Lab 25 1

Select the Plot tab
Save the file

Task 5 Add a Saturator
Add a Saturator and rename the object P132 Saturate
In the first row, select Brine (bbl/day), then Bathos P-132, and enter a 1000 flow
In the second row, select Gas (std Mft3/day), then P132 Gas, and enter a 400 flow
In the third row, select Oil (std bbl/day), then P132 Crude, and enter a 5000 flow
In the Conditions area, enter the Reservoir conditions of 99C and 252 atm
Place a check in the box next to CaCO3 in the Standard solids category
In the Select Inflows to Vary grid, select CaCO3 in the Solid column
Select CaCO3 in the Inflow column
Calculate then click the Report tab
Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies and Brine Composition tables:
Save the file
Task 6 Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the Saturated Brine and Oil
Add a new scale scenario and rename it P132 Saturate Scenario
In the Type column, select Whole Fluid (bbl/day)
In the Name column, select P132 Saturate
In the Flow column, use the dropdown menu to select <Automatic>
Select the Conditions and enter the following conditions
P132 Saturate Scenario Conditions

Reservoir 99 252
FBHP 88 218
Midwell 82 184
Midwell2 71 122
Wellhead 71 68
Lab 25 1.0
Select the Solid tab, then select the Standard box

Calculate then select the Plot tab
Remove Dominant Pre-scaling Tendencies from theY1 Axis
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category, then double-click CaCO3
Save the file

Task 7 Add a Contour Diagram
Add a Scale Contour and rename it P132 T/P Scan
In the Type column, select Whole Fluid (bbl/day)
In the Name column, select P132 Saturate
In the Flow column, select <Automatic>
Keep the default Temperature Range: Start at 25C, End at 100C
Select the Increment radio button, then enter 5.0 as the increment
In the Pressure Range area, keep the Log button selected
Change the following in the Pressure Range: Start at 1, End at 250, Number of Steps 10
Save the file then press the Calculate button
When the calculation is complete, select the Plot tab
Click the Contour button
Expand the Scaling Tendencies category, then double-click CaCO3
Press OK to close the Contour Variable window and review the plot

Chapter 12 Injection water mixing in Bathos reservoir
Task 1 Create an Injection Water
Add a Brine Analysis and name it Tertiary Aquifer
Enter the following composition in the Data Entry grid
Tertiary Aquifer Composition

Ca+2 110 SO4-2 34 Pressure 1 atm
Mg+2 89 HCO3-1 417 pH 7.2
Sr+2 15 Alkalinity 417
Ba+2 0.2 Density 1.002
Fe+2 0.4
Check the Show Non-zero Only box

Enter the measured pH (7.2), Alkalinity (417), and density (1.002)
Calculate then save the file
Task 2 Add a Mixing Water Calculation
Add a Mixing Water calculation and name it Injection Well
Click the bottom right corner of blank cells in the Name column to select inlets
For the First Brine, select Tertiary Aquifer
For the Second Brine, select P132 Saturate
Enter a flow rate of 1024 bbl/day
For the Optional Oil, select P132 Saturate
Enter a flow rate of 5744 std bbl/day overwriting <Automatic>
Enter the reservoir conditions of 99C and 252 atm
Change the mix type to Flow
In OLI Studio version 9.2, the values for the mix conditions defaults to the value entered for the
First Brine flow rate, which in this case was 1024 bbl/day. If using a different version of the
software, follow the first three steps below.
In the Enter Values columns, add an initial value of 1024 bbl/day
Press <Enter>
In the cell below, put in a 0.0 value then press <Enter>
SSC Instructions List Chapter 12 Injection water mixing in Bathos reservoir 37

Change the Steps to 10
Press the Auto Step button
Select the Solid (red) tab then click the Standard box
Press <F9> to calculate
Select the Y1 axis header then click the << button to remove any variables
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click CaCO3t
Press OK then view the plot
Save the file
Adjusting the Tertiary Aquifer

Task 3 Add an Acid with a Brine Analysis
Add a new Brine Analysis and name it Acetic Acid
In the neutrals section, type Acetic Acid or CH3COOH
Add a value of 61,000 mg/L for the Acetic Acid
Select the blue Reconcile tab
Keep the default values then press <F9> to calculate
Save the file
Task 4 Add an Acid with a Stream
From the Menu Bar, select Streams > Add Stream or select the Global Streams then
double-click the Add Stream icon in the Actions Pane
Rename the stream object Acetic Acid
Select the Units Manger button then use the Quick List to select Metric, concentration
In the Inflows grid, below the H2O value, enter Acetic Acid or CH3COOH
Give it a value of 61,000 mg/L
Add a Single Point > Isothermal calculation then press <F9> to calculate
Task 11 Titrate the Acid Solution into the Injection Water
Select Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Mixing Water or select the Actions icon
Rename the object pH Adjustment
In the First Brine cell, select Acetic Acid and enter 1000 bbl/day as the Flow
In the Second Brine cell, select Tertiary Aquifer
Enter the reservoir temperature 99C and pressure 252 atm
Select Ratio as the mix type using the dropdown menu

Click the gray box next to the top row then drag the cursor own until all rows are
highlighted then press the <Delete> key
In the Enter Values grid, enter 0.0 in the first cell of the left column then press <Enter>
Enter 0.01 in the second cell then press <Enter>
Type 20 in the steps box then select the Auto Step button
Select the Calculate button or press <F9>
Select the plot tab, then select the Curves button
Select the Y1 axis header then click the << button to remove any variables
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click CaCO3
Expand the Inflows category and add CH3COOH to the Y2 Axis
Press OK to view the plot
Task 12 Creating a Duplicate Tertiary Aquifer with Acetic Acid
Right-mouse click the Tertiary Aquifer stream in the Navigator pane and select copy
Right-mouse click the global Streams icon then select paste
Select the Tertiary Aquifer-1 then select its Design tab
In the Data Entry grid, remove the check from the show non-zero only box
In the neutrals section, type in CH3COOH (acetic acid)
Give it a value of 119 mg/L the value we found in the previous step which drops the
CaCO3 pre-scaling tendency to below one
Select the Injection Well object in the Navigator pane
Select the Design tab and use the dropdown menu in the Inlets grid to replace Tertiary
Aquifer with Tertiary Aquifer-1
Select the Conditions tab and change the mix type to ratio
Click the gray box next to the top row then drag the cursor own until all rows are
highlighted then press the <Delete> key
Add 0 in the first cell and press <Enter>
Add 1 in the second cell and press <Enter>
Change the auto steps to 20 then press the Auto Step button
Calculate then select the Plot tab
Select the Curves button and remove CH3COOH from the Y2 Axis
Select the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and add CaCO3 (Calcite) to the Y1 Axis
Save the file as we will continue working within it in the next two chapters

Chapter 13 Gladys McCall HT/HP Production
Diagram for Tasks 1-5

Task 1 Add New Brine and Gas Analyses
Start a new file or continue working from the previously made file
Add a new Brine Analysis and name it Gladys McCall Brine
Enter the cations/anions from the table below in the Data Entry grid
Gladys McCall Brine

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Measured data
Na+ 13074 Cl-1 21586 T (C) 25
K+ 121 SO4-2 150 P (atm) 1
Ca+2 800 HCO3-1 300 pH 7.18
Mg+2 249 HS-1 76.2 Alkalinity 300
Sr+2 89 Density 1.02
Ba+2 2
Fe+2 0.5
Select the show non-zero option and keep the default balance option
Enter the measured data from the table above
Select the Calculate or press <F9>
Save the file
Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Gladys McCall Gas
SSC Instructions List Chapter 13 Gladys McCall HT/HP Production 40

Select the Design tab and enter the following composition
Gladys McCall Gas

Component mole %
H2O 1.3
N2 0.08
CO2 1.5
H2S 0.5
CH4 balance
Make sure to keep the Makeup normalization option

Check CH4 then
Press the <F9> key to calculate
Task 2 Run a Scale Scenario
Add a Scale Scenario and name it Midlife Scaling
In the first row, in the Type column, select Brine (bbl/day)
In the Name column, select Gladys McCall Brine
In the second row, in the Type column, select Gas (std Mft3/day)
In the Name column, select Gladys McCall Gas
Select the Conditions tab and enter following conditions
Midlife Scaling Conditions

Original Reservoir 177 532
Current Reservoir 177 245
FBHP 171 238
Midwell 143 170
FTP (wellhead) 121 109
Choke 93 82
Separator 49 54
Select the Solid tab then check the Standard box

Calculate button or press <F9>
Select the Y1 header then select the << button to remove all the variables
Expand the Solid category and double-click each species (except Dominant Solid)
Press OK to close the window then save the file

Reservoir Saturation
Task 3 Create the Original Reservoir Saturator
Add a Saturator and name it Original Conditions
Use the dropdown menus to select the following components and values
Original Conditions
Type Name Flow
First Row Brine (bbl/day) Gladys McCall Brine 200
Second Row Gas (std Mft3/day) Gladys McCall Gas 9000
In the Conditions area, enter the Original Reservoir conditions of 177C and 532 atm
Press the <F9> key to calculate
Saturation with CaCO3
Select the Solids grid
Select the checkbox next to CaCO3 in the Standard species list
Select CaCO3 in the Solid column in the Select Inflows To Vary grid
Click the adjacent Inflow cell
Original Conditions with CaCO3 saturated
Save the file
Task 4 Create the Current Reservoir Saturator
Add a new saturator and name it Current Conditions
Use the dropdown menus to select the following components and values
Current Conditions
Type Name Flow
First Row Brine (bbl/day) Gladys McCall Brine 2000
Second Row Gas (std Mft3/day) Gladys McCall Gas 1400
In the Conditions area, enter the Current Reservoir conditions of 177C and 245 atm
Saturation with CaCO3

Check CaCO3 in the Solid Selection list
Select CaCO3 in the Solid column of the Select Inflows to Vary grid
Click the adjacent Inflow cell
Save the file
Task 5 Run the Current Saturated Fluid in a Scaling Scenario
Add a new scale scenario and name it GM Current Scaling
In the first row, in the Type column, select Brine (bbl/day)
In the Name column, select Current Conditions
In the Flow column, select <Automatic>
In the second row, in the Type column, select Gas (std Mft3/day)
In the Name column, select Gladys McCall Gas
Select the Conditions tab and enter the following conditions:
Gladys McCall Current Scaling Locations

Current Reservoir 171 245
FBHP 171 238
Midwell 143 170
FTP (wellhead) 121 109
Choke 93 82
Separator (HP) 49 54
Select the Solid tab and place a check next to the Standard box
Calculate, select the Plot tab then select the Curves button
Select the Y1 Axis header to highlight all the Y1 variables then select the << button
Open the Solid category
Double-click each available solid (except Dominant Solid) to add them the Y1 Axis
Save the file

Looking at the Pressure Maintenance Aspects of the Well
Injection Water
Gladys McCall Brine at

Current conditions
Gladys McCall Gas at

Current Conditions
Current Reservoir
Current Reservoir
Task 6 Create an Injection Brine
Add a new Brine Analysis
Name it Gladys McCall Injection Water
Select the Design tab then enter the following cations/anions
Gladys McCall Injection Water Composition

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Measured data
Na+ 6462 Cl-1 11853 T (C) 25
K+ 1214 SO4-2 2 P (atm) 1
Ca+2 524 HCO3-1 321 pH 7.1
Mg+2 125 HS-1 3 Alkalinity 321
Sr+2 87 Total Dissolved Solids 20619
Ba+2 12
Fe+2 16
Select the Reconcile tab and enter the Measured data from the table above
Select pH Alkalinity Reconcile as the Reconciliation Type then Calculate
Save the file
Task 7 Saturate the Injection Brine at Surface Conditions
Add a new saturator and name it Injection Brine Saturation
In the first row, select Brine (bbl/day) as the Type
Select Gladys McCall Injection Water as the name
Enter a flow of 1000
Enter the holding tank conditions of 32C and 1 atm
Check CaCO3 in the Solid Selection list
Select CaCO3 in the Solid column of the Select Inflows to Wary grid
Press <F9> to calculate
Select the Report tab and scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table
Save the file

Task 8 Create an Initial Mixing Calculation
Add a Mixing Water and name it GM Injection
Click the bottom right corner of blank cells in the Name column to select inlets
For the First Brine, select Injection Brine Saturation
For the Second Brine row, select Current Conditions
Enter a flow of 2000 bbl/day
For Optional Gas, select Current Conditions
Enter a flow of 1400 std Mft3/day
Change the mix type to Flow
Delete all the values in the grid
Enter 0 in the first cell then press <Enter> then enter 2000 in the second cell
Change the auto steps to 10 and press the Auto Step button
Select the Solid tab and check the Standard solids box
Press <F9> to calculate then select the Plot tab
Click the Y1 Axis header then press the << button to remove all the variables
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click the following species:
BaSO4, CaCO3, CaSO4, CaSO4.2H20, FeCO3, NaCl, and SrSO4
Task 9 Reduce the Injection Brine pH
Select the Gladys McCall Injection Water in the Navigator pane
Select the Data Entry tab
Deselect the Show Non-zero Only button if it is turned on
Type Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) in the neutrals section
Give it a value of 100 mg/l
Change the temperature to 182C
Change the pressure to 265 atm
Save the file
Task 10 Recalculate the Mixing Water
Select the GM Injection mixing water object within the Navigator stream
Press <F9> to calculate then select the Plot tab
If the previously made curves do not appear, then follow the last 3 steps of Task

Bathos/Gladys McCall Production Facilties
Surface Mixing of Two Brines
Bathos-Gladys McCall Production Scenario
Preparing the Facilities File

We can skip this section and proceed to Task 1 if the Bathos and GM wells are already in the same file.
Select File > New to start a new file
Save the new file as Bathos-GM-Facilities or another filename
Open the files with the Bathos and Gladys McCall objects
Right mouse click on a needed object and select copy
Right mouse click on the Streams Icon in the Bathos-GM-Facilities file
Select Paste
Copy and paste the following to the new file:
Bathos P132
P132 Gas
P132 Crude
Gladys McCall Brine
Gladys McCall Gas
Task 1 Create the Production Operation Case
Select Calculations>ScaleChem> Add Facilities or select the Add Facilities action icon
Rename the stream Production Operations
Task 2 Create the Bathos Wellhead
Type Bathos Wellhead then press <Enter>
Enter conditions of 71C and 68
In the Inflows area, select Brine as the Type
SSC Instructions List Bathos/Gladys McCall Production Facilties 46

Select Bathos P132 as the name
Enter a flow rate of 1000
Select P132 Gas as the name
Enter a flow of 400
In the third row, select Oil
Select P132 Crude as the name
Save the file
Task 3 Create the Bathos Separator
Type Bathos P132 Separator then press <Enter>
Select the Separate Gas, Separate Oil, and Drop Solids boxes
Enter separator conditions of 43C and 20 atm
In the Inflows area, select Brine from
Select Bathos P132 Wellhead in the name column
Task 4 Create the Gladys McCall Wellhead
Type Gladys McCall Wellhead then press <Enter>
In the Inflows area, select Brine as the Type
Select Gladys McCall Brine as the name
Select Gladys McCall Gas as the name
Task 5 Create the Gladys McCall Separator
Type Gladys McCall Separator then press <Enter>
Select the Separate Gas, Separate Oil and Drop Solids boxes
Enter separator conditions of 66C and 54 atm
Select Gladys McCall Wellhead in the name column
Save the file

Task 6 Create the Holding Tank
Type Holding Tank then press <Enter>
Enter tank conditions of 32C and 1 atm
Select Bathos P132 Separator as the name
In the second row, select Brine from
Select Gladys McCall Separator as the name
Task 7 Create the Injection Well
Type Injection Well then press <Enter>
Select just the Drop Solids checkbox
Enter well conditions of 32C and 54atm
Select Holding Tank as the name
Task 8 Create the Injection Reservoir
Type Injection Reservoir then press <Enter>
In the first row, select Brine from
Select Injection Well as the name
In the second row, select Brine
Select Gladys McCall Brine as the name
Enter a flow rate of 2000
Task 9 Calculate and Review the Process
Deselect the Calculate Alkalinity box below the Calculate button
Select the Calculate button
Select the Plot tab when the calculation is complete
Remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis
Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category then double-click BaSO4, CaCO3,
CaSO4, CaSO4.2H2O, FeCO3, NaCl, and SrSO4
Press OK and review the plot
Save the file

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OLI STUDIO: SCALECHEM

Chemistry in Brine Production

240 Cedar Knolls Road, Suite 301

Table 1: Olympus 1 Brine Analysis

Olympus 1 Scale Scenario Locations

Make sure the Solid button in the menu bar is selected

Save the file

SSC Instructions List Chapter 3 Olympus Gas 3

SSC Instructions List Chapter 3 Olympus Gas 4

Olympus 1 Reservoir Inlets

SSC Instructions List Chapter 4 Olympus Reservoir 5

SSC Instructions List Chapter 5 Olympus Production Contour Plot 6

SSC Instructions List Chapter 5 Olympus Production Contour Plot 7

Titan 1 Brine Analysis

SSC Instructions List Chapter 6 Titan Production 8

Formula Component name Mole %

Check the Show Non-zero Only box

SSC Instructions List Chapter 6 Titan Production 9

Titan 1 Scaling Locations

Select the Solid tab then check the Standard box

SSC Instructions List Chapter 6 Titan Production 10

SSC Instructions List Chapter 6 Titan Production 11

Add a New Facilities Object

Location Temp. (C) Pres. (atm)

Task 1 Create the Olympus Choke

SSC Instructions List Chapter 7 Titan Olympus Production Facilities 12

SSC Instructions List Chapter 7 Titan Olympus Production Facilities 13

SSC Instructions List Chapter 7 Titan Olympus Production Facilities 14

Task 1 Add a Brine Analysis

Table 1 Analysis of the water sampled at the separator.

Task 2 Add a Gas Analysis

Table 2 Offshore Gas Composition

Task 3a Calculate the H2O Content in the Gas

Task 3b Add the Missing Water

Task 4 Create a Reservoir Object and Input the Separator Fluid

Offshore Production Conditions

Lift Gas 1200m MD Brine to

Oil Reservoir 2500 m MD

Save and close any cases currently on the screen

GLV Brine Analysis

SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift 20

Gas Cap Analysis Composition

SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift 21

GLV Oil Analysis Composition

Select the Pseduocomponents tab

SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift 22

SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift 23

Lift Gas 1200m MD Brine to

Add a Facilities object and name it GLV Production

Descriptions of GLV Production Nodes in Facilities Calculation

Save the file

SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift 24

SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 Oil Well with Gas Lift 25

Non-Carbonate Alkalinity contributions

SSC Instructions List Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity 26

Alkalinity Titration Curves

SSC Instructions List Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity 27

SSC Instructions List Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity 28

Interpreting the Titration Data

SSC Instructions List Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity 29

SSC Instructions List Chapter 10 Calculating Alkalinity 30

Bathos P132 Brine Analysis

Select the Show Non-Zero Only box