Waste Management World

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management world THE WORLDS NEWSSTAND
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2012
Official Publication of:
MOLTEN
MONEY
Plasma Arc Recovery of
Precious Metals
WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD
WMW Special
Recycling
INCLUDING RECYCLING SPECIAL
Making the most of a Time for hybrid drive RCVs Innovations in

sticky situation to MAN up renewable chemicals
Recycling plastics and fibre from the UKs An exclusive look at MANs new hybrid drive Microwave pyrolysis and other technologies
million tonne disposable nappy mountain refuse collection vehicle concept could extract maximum value from biowaste
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Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out For navigation instructions please click here Search Issue | Next Page
Official Publication of:
MOLTEN
MONEY
Plasma Arc Recovery of
Precious Metals
WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD
WMW Special
Recycling
INCLUDING RECYCLING SPECIAL
Making the most of a Time for hybrid drive RCVs Innovations in

sticky situation to MAN up renewable chemicals
Recycling plastics and fibre from the UKs An exclusive look at MANs new hybrid drive Microwave pyrolysis and other technologies
million tonne disposable nappy mountain refuse collection vehicle concept could extract maximum value from biowaste
Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out For navigation instructions please click here Search Issue | Next Page
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management world
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THE WORLDS NEWSSTAND
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CONTENTS
32
20 43
REGULARS ANALYSIS
5 From The Editor 8 Keep Plastics Out of Energy Recover
The European Commissioner for Environment, Dr. Janez
7 ISWA Comments Potonik recently outlined his vision for the increased recy-
8 News cling of waste plastics and a reduction in the quantity sent
for energy recovery.
35 Product News
54 ISWA Information 28 The Comingled Debate
56 Diary & Index To Advertisers The question of source separated versus comingled
recycling collections is one of the industry's great debating
points. WMW asked a number of industry leaders for their
thoughts on the matter.
WMW SPECIAL: RECYCLING FOCUS
14 Nappy Recycling FEATURES

Over a million tonnes of nappy waste is currently produced
each year in the UK alone. One company in the Midlands is
recycling fibre and plastics from this abundant waste stream. 38 Innovations in Renewable Chemicals
Innovative new technology is being developed to extract,
purify and process a vast reservoir of high value chemicals
20 Plasma Arc Recycling of PGMs and compounds from biowastes for use in the food, pharma-
With one in four of all products manufactured requiring ceutical and chemical industries.
platinum group metals in some regard, the importance of
recycling these valuable metals is increasing.
43 MAN About Town
Truck and bus manufacturer, MAN has developed a new
24 SMMART Waste Management in Taiwan hybrid concept vehicle specifically designed to meet opera-
An impressive 99.99% of all MSW generated in Taiwan is now tional demands in an urban environment. WMW was the first
being properly treated, with 40% of it being recycled. But to get a look behind the scenes.
Taiwan is determined its sustainable materials management
systems can do better.
49 Seeking New Markets
Volker Harms, president of German-based Moba Mobile Au-
32 RWM Show Review tomation discusses what you should be looking for in fleet
The recent RWM in Partnership with CIWM exhibition in management systems with WMW.
Birmingham, UK proved a hot bed of product and policy
launches. WMW brings you some of the highlights.
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______________________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________________________
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Published by PennWell International Publications Ltd

The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane,
Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BN, UK.
Tel: +44 1992 656 600
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: wmw@pennwell.com
web: www.waste-management-world.com
SR. VP & Group Publisher: Tom Fowler

President/CEO: Robert F. Biolchini Advertising: for information, please see page 56
Chairman: Frank T. Lauinger
Group Publisher: Timm Dower
Chief Editor: Tom Freyberg Editorial/News Contact: benm@pennwell.com
Managing Editor: Ben Messenger Editorial Correspondence/Press Releases:
ISWA Editor: Jeff Cooper Please send to Waste Management World at wmw@pennwell.com
Collection & Transport Correspondent: Malcolm Bates
Design: Ross Tucker Member, BPA Worldwide
Marketing Manager: Tim Chambers
Published for the International Solid Waste Association: Auerspergstrasse 15, Top 41, 1080 Vienna, Austria. Tel: +43 1 25 36 001. Fax: +43 1 59 999 700. E-mail: iswa@iswa.org web: www.iswa.org
2011 International Solid Waste Association. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical or otherwise including
photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written consent of the Publishers. While every attempt is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in
this magazine, neither the Publishers, Editors nor the authors accept any liability for errors or omissions. Opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Publishers or Editor.
Subscriptions: Waste Management World is circulated free to professionals in the waste management industry. To start a free subscription visit www.wmw-subscribe.com
Professionals outside the waste management industry may start a paid subscription. For pricing information visit www.omeda.com/wmw or call +1 847-559-7330.
Waste Management World is published 6 times a year by PennWell Publications Ltd, The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BN, UK, and distributed in
the USA SPP at 75 Aberdeen Road, Emigsville, PA 17318-0437. Periodicals postage paid at Emigsville, PA.
Postmaster: Send address changes to Waste Management World, c/o P.O. Box 437, Emigsville, PA 17318.
Reprints: If you would like to have a recent article reprinted for an upcoming conference or for use as a marketing tool, contact Jill Kaletha, E-mail: pennwellreprints@fosterprinting.com
Tel: +1-866-879-9144, ext. 168
Printed in the UK by Williams Press Ltd on elemental chlorine-free paper from sustainable forests.
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4 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2012
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FROM THE EDITOR
REASONS TO BE CHEERFUL
While the general air of economic and political malaise seems to have set in for the
long-haul, with double dip recessions and austerity measures making regular
appearances in world news, for the waste industry theres plenty of room for optimism.
W
orking as I do sourcing news for both online and print publication, it seems
clear to me that from London to New York and from Taiwan to Tennessee,
on a global basis there is some serious investment being made in the
waste industry.
Driven not only by the increasing political acceptance of green ideals, but also by the
cold, hard economics of supply chains and energy prices, not a week goes by without
the announcement of a major new recycling facility in one part of the world, or a multi-
million dollar waste to energy plant in another.
For us here at WMW that gives us plenty to report on. But out in the wider world
it means investment, jobs, increased material and energy security and a reduced
environmental footprint.
A prime example of the innovative infrastructure projects we are seeing more and
more of can be found on page 14, where Tom Freyberg investigates the technology and
economics behind a new 36,000 tonne per year facility in the West Midlands, which is
recycling absorbent hygiene products - mainly disposable nappies.
In modern society, where our capacity to mass-produce goods cheaply has grown
to epic proportions, we view a great many products that would have once been reused
Ben Messenger Managing Editor many times, as disposable. In such a culture its hard to envisage many families seeing
nappies as anything other than disposable. But when over a million tonnes of nappy
waste is being produced each year in the UK alone, its clear that if we really are moving
towards a culture of treating waste as a resource, then surely that represents a million
tonne opportunity.
And if its a little challenging to see the immediate value in used nappies, its perhaps
somewhat easier to see the value of recycling platinum group metals (PGMs) - if not
blindingly obvious.
Like many of the PGMs, platinum and palladium are highly valued for industrial
If its a little challenging to applications, particularly for the production of catalysts by the automotive and chemical
see the immediate value in industries. But primary sources such as mining are struggling to keep pace with the
increased demand for these materials. Over recent years recycling of spent catalysts has
used nappies, its perhaps grown considerably, and now accounts for a significant percentage of the total quantity
somewhat easier to see the of those materials available in the supply chain.
On page 20 we take a look at how one company is aiming to capitalise on the
value of recycling platinum increased demand for precious metal recovery with its plasma arc technology, which
group metals - if not can be used to treat a variety of PGM containing wastes including catalysts and e-waste.
blindingly obvious Elsewhere in the issue be sure to check out Malcolm Bates world exclusive looking
at an innovative new hybrid drive RCV from MAN on page 43, and Maggie Smallwoods
look at some of the technologies being developed to extract high value products for the
chemical and pharmaceutical industries from biowastes on page 38.
Ben Messenger
Managing Editor
Follow WMW magazine on Twitter: www.twitter.com/WMW_Magazine
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2012 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD 5
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Five Congress Days: three days

of scientic presentations and two
optional days of technical tours.
Be part of it! Call for Papers: submit your

abstracts until 31 January 2013!
Early Bird Fee: register before
ISWA WORLD CONGRESS VIENNA 2013 31 May 2013 and get 15% off
7 11 October 2013, Vienna, Austria, the regular congress fee!
www.iswa2013.org Sponsors: become a sponsor
and present your company
and services.
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ISWA COMMENT
A PRESIDENTIAL
WELCOME IN FLORENCE
T
he ISWA 2012 Florence World Congress was a great success with almost 1300
participants over the three days, 240 speakers in 49 sessions. Eminent figures
spoke, and we were graced with the presence of the Environment Minister for
Italy Hon. Corrado Clini as well as City Councillor for Vienna Ulli Sima and many
others from around the world.
From the feedback I am receiving everyone enjoyed their stay in that beautiful city
and I hope this is an excuse for you all to go back there soon. I met many friends and
made many new ones, and am looking forward to catching up with all of you at future
ISWA events, as well as next year in Vienna.
The expectations of ISWA have risen as a result of the Congress. Members want to see
more technical input, partners want us to be more present in their activities. Developing
countries want us to provide support in raising funds to build their waste services and
facilities. Industry wants us to lead a campaign for recognition of their role. Academics
want to raise their profile in our association and lead the industry forward with new
research and scientific innovation.
All of this requires hard work and patience. Rome wasnt built in a day. I can assure
you that my time will be dedicated to these objectives as will the efforts of our efficient
David Newman President, ISWA General Secretariat in Vienna.
We have a motivated Board in place, in part substituting excellent Board members
who have stepped down. I have to step into the shoes of former President, Jeff Cooper
and lead the association forward. I will do my very best.
As I said In Florence our objectives can only be achieved with support from all sectors,
industry, politicians, professionals, academics. Let me ask you for that support both within
the association and outside. The planet needs and deserves it.
The next major appointments for me on behalf of ISWA are in Buenos Aires in mid
November, where, with UNEP, we will hold a three day training course and workshop on
hazardous waste management. In addition, an ISWA team will be in Doha for the COP18
Climate Change negotiations lobbying for recognition of our sector in future sectorial
agreements.
David Newman
President, ISWA
Our objectives can only be achieved with support from all sectors, industry, politicians,
professionals, academics. Let me ask you for that support both within the association and
outside. The planet needs and deserves it
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NEWS
ANALYSIS
SEND YOUR NEWS TO WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD
e-mail: benm@pennwell.com
POTONIK:
SEND PLASTICS
FOR RECYCLING
NOT ENERGY RECOVERY
S peaking at the recent PolyTalk
2012 event, a major plastics in-
dustry summit held in Wiesbaden,
but also the massive increase in the
number of middle class consumers
predicted over the next 20 years.
According to the commissioner,
if the world continues on its busi-
ness as usual scenario, we will
Roadmap to a Resource-efficient
Europe, continued Potonik.
the capital of the German federal During the 20th century, the need three times more resources The future for plastic waste
state of Hesse, the European Com- world increased its fossil fuel use by 2050, which is simply not a vi- Global plastic production has in-
missioner for Environment, Dr. by a factor of 12, whilst extracting able option. We need to reduce the creased from 1.5 million tonnes in
Janez Potonik outlined his vision 34 times more material resources. volume of virgin materials used by 1950 to 245 million tonnes per year
for the increased recycling of waste It was called the great accelera- industry, recycle, substitute, reduce in 2008, with around 60 million
plastics, and a reduction in the tion and we a happy few in the and make resources go further, he tonnes produced in Europe. The
quantity of such wastes being sent rich world - enjoy the benefits of said commissioner stressed that as such
for energy recovery. that acceleration. But I am afraid We need to achieve real and the plastics industry must play a full
Giving a keynote speech under it would be simply disastrous for 9 absolute decoupling of economic part achieving the goals of Europe
the title Any Future for the Indus- billion people, or even 7 billion, to growth from resource-use and pol- 2020, and called on the industry to
try in Europe?, the commissioner consume 16 tonnes of materials a lution. That is the vision that the Eu- come up with plastic products that
began by highlighting not only the year, as we do here in Europe; or to ropean Commission has integrated are repairable, updatable, dismant-
exponential growth to the worlds throw away six tonnes every year, into its economic strategy Europe lable and durable, and that do not
population over the past century, argued Potonik. 2020 through the adoption of a contain hazardous substances.
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NEWS
Nearly 50% of plastic in Europe into energy recovery, continued away is not properly collected, Conclusions
goes to landfill, broadly the equiva- the commissioner. sorted and treated, or even cor- In summing up his keynote speech
lent to 12 million tonnes of crude Potonik went on to explain rectly landfilled, and too often it the commissioner urged his audi-
oil. The other half goes to recovery, that the dominance of energy re- ends up in the oceans. In particular ence to not only make all plastic
mostly energy recovery, and to covery over recycling is not accept- the commissioner pin pointed the fully recyclable, but also to avoid
a lesser extent into recycling, ex- able in the medium-term and that problems posed by plastic bags as excessive plastic production for
plained Potonik. recyclers are mostly SMEs provid- being very preventable problems. applications that are not obviously
I know that we can and we ing solid employment in Europe. In 2010 Europe used 85.3 billion useful.
should - do better, because un- Recycling technology has plastic bags - 200 bags per per- Without finger-pointing in any
derneath those European figures moved forward quickly. But still has son. Several Member States have specific direction, we have to admit
there are six Member States that some way to go. Whereas thanks already significantly reduced the that we all have a responsibility to
have virtually eliminated landfilling, to EU legislation about 85% of number of plastic bags through work closely together, producers,
recovering 90% of plastic waste, every car is now recycled, only pricing measures. consumers, recyclers and waste
while others still bury 80% to 90%, about 25% of every new car is built Potonik said that the commis- operators, and of course policy
he noted. with recycled materials, and much sion is now finalising an impact as- makers. Plastic must be responsibly
According to Potonik there are of this difference is down to plastic. sessment on different options for managed and produced, using the
two major objectives to pursue. Too often plastic is down-cycled, reducing the number of plastic car- life-cycle assessment methodol-
Firstly, landfill rates must go down not recycled, the summit heard. rier bags, and that judging by pre- ogy. It must be responsibly used
as quickly as possible, and secondly vious examples, pricing measures and recycled from cradle to cradle
it is important to switch from ener- Marine waste and plastic bags combined with targets are likely to without escaping a closed loop of
gy recovery to increased recycling. Another major bone of contention be the most attractive option. responsible treatment at its end of
Plastic recycling rates are far too concerning plastic waste is the is- We all agree that plastic should life phase, concluded Potonik.
low across Europe with an average sue of plastic bags and marine litter. not be in the marine environment, The commissioner also said that
of just 24%, he added. On average around 80% of marine and yet we find high sea waters he will soon be launching a broad
Today, even in countries with plastic litter originates from the with a concentration of microplas- debate on plastic in the context
high recovery rates there is simply land. tics six times higher than the con- of resource efficiency by issuing
not enough plastic available for According to Potonik much centration of plankton, ready to be green paper on plastic waste in the
recycling because most of it goes of the plastic that people throw ingested by sea fauna, he added. environment.
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Its all in a days work for

7am roading in
12pm pallet handling
11:30 moving containers

8:30 compacting
Compacting waste, moving containers, sorting material and site maintenance are all in a days work for the new JCB 4CX WasteMaster.
Designed to save you time and money, this unique machine can do so much more than just compaction. With front and rear stabilizers,
a hook lift combined with a host of attachments, it offers unrivalled versatility and performance. No other product offers better value, its
also highly manoeuvrable and easy to operate. You can even drive it to other sites, saving yet more time and money. And at the end of the day
a sweeper collector can be attached making your site not just the most efcient but the cleanest.
So dont waste any more time, contact your local dealer or call +44 (0)1889 561422 for further details. www.jcb.com/4CXWM
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the new JCB Wastemaster.

6:30 roading out
1pm compacting
2pm loading
6pm sweeping up
12:30 material handling
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www.bollegraaf.com
Think
outside
the box
full automatic quality control highest possible purity lower labour costs high value
What if you could take quality control to the next level, to retrieve the most value out of waste by achieving the highest possible separation quality?
Bollegraaf makes it possible with RoBB QC: fully automated quality control, based on the principle of positive sorting. An addition to existing recycling
operations, and a crucial part in every new installation. At a rate of 70 picks per minute RoBB QC pulls the targeted material out of the material mix,
making handpicking obsolete and increasing the separation quality up to 98 percent, ultimately bringing you the highest value for your recyclables.
This is the very reason we keep innovating and improving our machines: to add value to your business. With RoBB QC you can take quality control to
the next level and make an important step towards fully automatic sorting.
Curious about what RoBB can do for you, please visit us at Pollutec or contact us at info@bollegraaf.com or +31 596 654333.
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RECYCLING FOCUS
SMMART RECYCLING
IN TAIWAN
14 Extracting value from nappies 24 Recycling pays dividends in Taiwan
A new Knowaste facility is reclaiming high quality plastics as well Taiwan is now recycling around 40% of its municipal solid
as fibre from an abundant stream of disposable nappy waste. waste and up to 84% of its enterprise waste. But how has the
island nation achieved this and where does it go from here?
20 Cashing in on precious metals

With demand skyrocketing and primary sources struggling 27 To sort or not to sort?
to keep pace, recycling will increasingly have to fill the gap. WMW asked a number of industry leaders for their thoughts
Tetronics is hoping to capitalise on this with its plasma arc on the continuing debate over the relative merits of source
recovery technology. separated and comingled recycling collections.
27 RWM in Partnership with CIWM

This years RWM exhibition saw the launch of a number of
new policy initiatives, as well as new waste and recycling
products. WMW brings you the highlights.
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RECYCLINGFOCUS NAPPY WASTE
NAPPY
RECYCLING
is the UK ready to run, walk or crawl?
The UK throws away over one million tonnes of nappies each year. Recycling efforts
by Knowaste are helping to generate plastic and fibre products from this stream.
Will the business model be successful and take lessons from the Netherlands, where
a facility had to close?
by Tom Freyberg
T
om, Im pregnant. Those three tonnes of this waste stream each year alone, its
words, normally enough to scare estimated the country spends over 100 million
and excite a grown man at the disposing of nappies. Improved recycling
same time, changed my life. And efforts are also meaning the percentage of
for the better, I should add! Around 21 months waste that nappies make up in a household is
later and I now have a one-year-old daughter, increasing. Traditionally thought to be 4% or
full of the joys of life and developing quickly less of domestic waste, levels in the black bin
each day. are now up to 8% or more.
The journey of parenthood is not one
that you can fully prepare for; sleepless COLLECTION CONUNDRUMS
nights, food slung everywhere and Nappy waste has also caused multiple
on-demand stand up entertainment headaches for local authorities up and down
required 24/7. The happiness it also the country. The introduction of alternate
brings to a family can also not be weekly collections (AWC), leaving nappies to
underestimated. Yet, there is another big fester away in residual bins for two weeks
factor most new families never quite get during summer months is forcing councils to
used to: nappies. take action and collect them separately.
From the first day in the The introduction of AWC has meant
hospital, usually realising youve that many authorities are now looking at
put one on back to front alternative approaches to this waste stream,
(apologies doctor, new parents says Adam Read, practice director: resource
you see!), to becoming so well efficiency & waste management, AEA. For any
versed in the practise you can local authority introducing AWC, residential
do it in the dark, half asleep concerns about odour are an issue that need
disposable nappies are all part to be addressed.
of the child-rearing experience. One example is in Wales. Cardiff Council
And also a big expense, I should and Monmouthshire County Council bit the
add. Estimates suggest that on bullet and introduced a nappy collection
average, parents spend over 1000 on the alternative week to residual waste
on nappies over the first 2.5 years of collection.
a childs life. The first six months were used to establish
With the UK producing a collection method. It was decided that Tiger-
around one million stripe bags (bright yellow bags with a black
stripe) were the best method.
As part of Resource Efficiency Wales (12
councils in Wales), Wales and Monmouthshire
then started looking at alternative ways to
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MQmags
AUT Cross Flow Technology presents:

Resource fractions as clean as a white sheet of paper.
www.aut-chemnitz.de
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dispose of the 10 tonnes of nappies generated out of mind is usually the preferred option for into cardboard and biosolids from the nappies
each week. Discussions started with one the heavy and smelly parcels joyfully left by your are sent to the sewer.
company which believes it has the answer. child. Knowaste approaches this differently. As the plastic comes from one source, this,
Originating from North America, Knowaste In the 1990s people would say to me its the company claims, is its unique selling point.
started researching technologies to recycle not that big a stream and the Environment Brown says he can supply the plastics recycling
absorbent hygiene products (AHPs) since the Protection Agency in the US and a number industry with a very predictable product. One
1990s. AHPs include disposable nappies, adult of other places that did waste audits said that client a manufacturer of recycled plastic roof
incontinence products and feminine hygiene this was around 2% of the entire waste stream, tiles quoted in a Knowaste video claims the
products. Knowaste CEO Roy Brown tells me. conformity of plastics from nappy recycling
It was in 2011 that the company opened the Today, because of the recycling and food is the same in every batch. With plastics from
UKs first AHP recycling facility in West Bromwich, waste, we can be easily 9-10% of the remaining other recycling processes, this can differ, he
Midlands, with a capacity of 36,000 tonnes. stream. This is the next thing that has to be says.
Commercial contracts, with waste contractors recycled. Right now its the biggest item that
serving nursing and care homes, make up a hasnt been addressed properly. ENVIRONMENTAL
large part of the companys business. So how does the process work? Autoclave COMPARISONS
Yet the vast majority of the one million technology is used to firstly sterilise the With collection trials spreading across the UK
tonnes of nappies thrown away each year in material, starting the separation of fibres and (four councils in Scotland have also started a
the UK are by households. These became a releasing moisture. Super absorbent polymers trial, as well as one in Cheshire, England) and
lucrative target for Knowaste. After discussions at this stage are rendered inert, according to end product markets seemingly happy, it throws
with Cardiff and Monmouthshire, a six month the company. up one question: how does nappy recycling
collection trial started. Waste management firm A sorting and separation of plastics and compare, environmentally, to other disposal
Viridor collects the yellow bags and transports fibres then follows, before the removal of routes?
them to Knowaste for processing. contaminants. Plastics then continue through In December 2010, financial services
granulation and multiple-washing stages company Deloitte completed a Life Cycle
THE RECYCLING PROCESS before flakes are bagged for shipping. Assessment (LCA). It compared AHP recycling
PLASTICS AND FIBRES The latter can be used, or pelletised and against landfill and waste to energy. The LCA
As any parent will confirm, the last phrase that then used, in new products such as plastic findings state that compared to landfill and
springs to mind when throwing away used components or as an ingredient in composite incineration, the Knowaste recycling process
nappies is valuable resource. Out of sight and materials. Fibres produced can be recycled emits up to 71% less carbon emissions.
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The fibre content of the nappies can be recycled into cardboard THE DUTCH EXPERIENCE AND
COST COMPETITION
Environmental results to one side, one of the
biggest issues concerning local authorities if
collections are to be rolled out nationwide is
cost. If councils can dispose of nappy waste
more cheaply per tonne in landfill gate fees,
then this could prove an attractive alternative.
And cost was one of the deciding factors in
forcing Knowaste to close its Arnhem facility in
Holland in 2007. Set out with a capacity of 70,000
tonnes per year, the plant was only taking AHPs
from the commercial market. Brown says that
although they secured 60% of this market, it only
accumulated to 40,000 tonnes a year.
We couldnt really access the local authority
market so our plant was always too big and under
utilised and then in 2007 two incinerators opened
However, past reports throw up different compared with composting and anaerobic up and then the price dropped, the CEO says.
findings. CE Delft in the Netherlands also digestion, but better for Kwowaste. GHG of We were getting 126 Euros as our gate
published a report on nappy waste disposal incineration is higher as composting and fee and doing fine with that. Then for the 2008
back in 2007. It compared collection with digestion due to the incineration of SAPs [super- year our logistics partners said we would have
incineration, with composting, with subsequent absorbent polymers] in the nappy pulp. to match 105 Euros per tonne and you should
bio-digestion and Knowastes recycling process. These SAPs will not be decomposed in know the prices are going to carry on down.
Results concluded the first route, municipal the composting and digestion, but remain in Today they are in the 90s. So our board made the
incinerator, is the most attractive. the compost and end product of the digestion. right economic decision to exit that marketplace
Report author Jan Vroonhof, now senior According to Agrotechnology & Food Sciences because the configuration of the plant we had at
consultant at Royal Haskoning, says: GHG Group of the Wageningen University, this gives that time was fixed in terms of cost.
emissions of incineration are a bit higher risks in using these end products. For its Midlands facility, it is clear that Knowaste
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NAPPY WASTE RECYCLINGFOCUS
realises it cannot take on landfill or waste to energy with the rising cost of landfill tax its going to Knowaste expects licensees to put its process
on gate fee alone. It has to be equally priced or else become more attractive each year, says James into action.
councils will opt for the cheaper option. Kay, SE Wales Regional Waste Co-ordinator,
If were not competitive then we lose the Resource Efficiency Wales. FINAL THOUGHTS
business, says Brown. So we have to be bang With the Netherlandss facility closure behind it
on competitive with the alternatives, whether UK AND GLOBAL EXPANSION and local authority trials gathering momentum,
its incineration or landfill or composting. Our Other waste pundits believe the Knowaste it appears Knowaste is in a strong position.
customers will not pay us a premium for having business model, if it can compete for feedstock Maximising nappies collected from local
the best credentials in the world. when other companies also start bidding, could authorities will be key to its success. As will
Even in the US, where Knowaste had a pilot locate plants across the rest of the country. remaining cost competitive to landfill and waste
plant, the cost per tonne to recycle nappy waste Peter Jones, ex-director of waste to energy, with council budgets getting ever
was a deciding factor. Treatment technology management company Biffa and director of smaller. If the company does reach its target
processing 7,000 tpa of AHPs in Southern California consultancy Ecolateral, says: There is scope for of five plants processing nearly 200,000 tonnes
proved the technology could work, over a period 20 other plants sized at 50,000 tonnes a year. of nappy waste, that is still only scratching the
of six months. Brown says that at the time in the Most likely, if they are autoclave based, they will surface of the one million tonnes disposed of in
US, he still couldnt match the cheap economics migrate alongside those with surplus cheap heat the UK each year.
of landfill. since that is a significant component of costs. Parents opting for disposable over
It was $28 per tonne to throw it away [to For Knowaste, the estimate is more reusable nappies inevitably feel a twinge of
landfill], and it was costing me about $45 per conservative. Brown says they plan to build five environmental guilt each time they throw one
tonne to process it, he says. We were there for 36,000 tonne facilities across the UK, totalling away. With Knowastes process, it seems they
the technical argument and that worked out around 180,000 tonnes. He also thinks the dont need to.
quite well although we have found out there company should be able to capture a significant
isnt really a market for such a small system. part of the 200,000 250,000 tpa commercial Tom Freyberg is the chief editor of WMW
For the Welsh local authorities, the cost market. magazine.
appears to be competitive enough that talks are Outside of its owner and operator business e-mail: tomf@pennwell.com
in place for a long-term contract with Knowaste, model approach in the UK, the company
once the trial has finished. plans to expand internationally by licensing This article is on-line.
In terms of gate fees it is favourable to its technology. Germany, France, Japan and Please visit www.waste-management-world.com
landfill. Its on a par/favourable to landfill disposal Australia are touted as the next countries where
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RECYCLINGFOCUS PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY
PGMs are increasingly popular in the automotive industry, where a number of their special
properties make them ideal for use in components such as lambda sensors Credit: Bosch
PLASMA ARC
RECYCLING OF
PRECIOUS METALS
There are cats we wouldnt
dream of touching
All the others we recycle

with excellence
www.autocatalyst-recycling.umicore.com
Contact: preciousmetals@umicore.com
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PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY RECYCLINGFOCUS
With one in four of all products

manufactured requiring platinum
group metals in some regard, its Waste
unsurprising that demand for these Airconomy Separation
costly yet highly useful metals has
surged. Primary sources have struggled
to keep pace and recycling is on the
rise. WMW investigates how plasma
arc technology is helping recyclers to
bridge the gap between supply and
Windshifters
demand. Drum Separators
by Ben Messenger Rotary Air Separators
Industrial Dust Suppression
SDS Compact
www.nihot.nl - Tel.: +31 (0) 20 58 220 30
H
aving been known by Native Americans for some
considerable time, platinum was first encountered by
Europeans in Central American mines between Panama Waste

and Mexico. The Spanish colonialists named the metal
platina, or little silver, and regarded it as nothing more than an
Drying
undesirable impurity in the silver they mined.
Fast forward half a millennia or so, and the value we attach to
platinum could not be more different. When an industry measures its
total global output in ounces (1 troy ounce is equal to approximately
31.1 grams) then supplies of the raw material are clearly scarce. But
platinum and the rest of the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) are highly
valuable not only because of their low natural abundance and the often
complex extraction processes required to refine them, but also because
of a number of unique properties they possess. Drum Dryers
The PGM group is made up of six metallic elements clustered Belt Dryers
Agricultural
together in the periodic table and consists of ruthenium, rhodium, Sewage Sludge
palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. Biomass
Municipal Solid Waste, RDF/SRF
Thanks to properties such as high resistance to chemical attack,
www.vadeb.com - Tel.: +31 (0) 20 58 220 30
excellent high temperature characteristics and stable electrical properties
they have become increasingly desirable for industrial applications,
including catalysts for the chemical and automotive industries. Indeed,
according to the International Platinum Group Metals Association, PGMs
are either contained in quarter of all goods manufactured today, or were
essential to their manufacture.
Waste
Handling
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Figures published in the 2011 Platinum Review by Johnson Matthey - an
international speciality chemicals company - show gross demand for
platinum increased by 16% to 7.88 million ounces (oz) in 2010, with a
global surplus in the supply chain of just 20,000 oz. At the same time
recycling of platinum rose by almost a third, to 1.84 million oz.
According to Geoffrey Bond, Emeritus Professor at Brunel
University, while platinum is a particularly good catalyst for
reactions where selectivity is not so important, such as in the
Bale Presses
catalytic combustion of hydrocarbons, some others PGMs, especially Conveyors
palladium, are equally useful. Figures from the 2011 Platinum Reel Splitters
Shredders
Review back this, showing that gross demand for palladium Bagopeners and Balebreakers
increased by 23% in 2010 to 9.63 million oz, its highest ever level. www.boarecycling.com - Tel.: +31 (0)53 43 003 00
One of the main drivers for this increase is the growing demand
from the automotive industry, which upped its demand by 35% to Please visit us at the Pollutec in Lyon from 27 - 30 November 2012
5.45 million oz. This was partly due to higher global production in the and at the Ecomondo in Rimini from 7 - 10 November 2012.
For more information, enter14 at WMW.hotims.com
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RECYCLINGFOCUS PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY
metals including gold and silver as well as PGMs. As part of the process the pre-treated
Speaking to WMW, Dr. David Deegan, catalyst material or e-waste is blended with a
environmental technical director at Tetronics number of ingredients, including fluxing agents
explains that catalysts from the automotive, which help the ceramic melt at a reasonable
petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries temperature and reduce energy consumption.
offer a prime waste stream for the recovery of A collector metal is also added, usually iron or
PGMs, and that nearly every car scrapped in the copper. Typically the charge for the furnace
developed world contains 2 - 3 grams of PGM. is >80% waste and a < 20% mixture of these
Every car on the road has a brick of ingredients. Before the charge is introduced
platinum containing ore which is typically two the furnace is preheated with the plasma to a
to three orders of magnitude richer than the ore temperature of around 1600C.
that is mined, says Deegan. The plasma itself runs from a plasma torch,
Autocatalysts consist of a metal can which is a water cooled metallic device that
containing a honeycomb type ceramic base. In uses electrical energy to ionise gas and create
operation exhaust gases from the vehicle pass a plasma arc. A plasma arc is a very intense,
The plasma torch is controlled from the outside through the honeycomb, which is coated with a flexible heat source with a high temperature
by a robotic arm to distribute heat very fine layer of PGMs. When sent for recycling capability. The torch is the cathode and the
using Tetronics plasma arc technology the actual material undergoing treatment is the
light duty passenger vehicle sector, together catalyst is first de-canned and the honeycomb anode. The arc runs from the torch to the
with tightening emissions legislation. ceramic part is crushed into a powder to be molten material. At high temperatures even rock
Despite a 29% increase in open loop fed into the furnace. Tetronics claims to recover becomes electrica conductive, adds Deegan.
recycling through 2010 to 1.85 million oz - the in excess of 98% of the PGMs present in the The process is controlled by a robot
majority from end-of-life autocatalysts - the catalyst, which it traps in a collector metal. The which holds the torch outside the furnace
palladium market was in an overall deficit of process can be equally applied to the recycling and manipulates it by pivoting it via a ball seal
some 490,000 oz. Meanwhile, global supplies of e-waste. connection.
of palladium from primary sources rose by just Typically e-waste material is shredded and To visualise the arc you can make an
189,700 oz in 2010 to 7.29 million oz. then pre-incinerated to drive off all the organics, analogy with Darth Vader. If you imagine his
Clearly then recycling is playing a and also to drive off things which can reduce light sabre, the torch is the hand held part and
rapidly growing role in the supply chain for the technical recovery rate. The remaining char the arc is the column of light that extends away
PGMs, and recovering these highly valued is what would go into our furnace, says Deegan. from it. The plasma arc from our torches are very
metals from the waste stream will become much like that. But in the process we actually
increasingly important - and profitable. ROBOTICALLY CONTROLLED manipulate the torch so it moves following a
PLASMA ARC circular path within the furnace distributing the
HIGH VALUE RECYCLING The furnace itself is similar to a steel making heat and the arc extends from the torch and
One company hoping to benefit from the furnace, but on a very much smaller scale. For a moves with it, explains the technical director.
increasing need to recover PGMs from wastes plant that will process two million catalysts per When processing autocatalyst the plasma
is Swindon, UK based plasma arc technology year the internal diameter is around 1.2 metres arc requires around 450 kW of electrical power
developer, Tetronics, which supplies direct and the whole plant can be fitted into around and in addition to heat generates a lot of light,
current plasma arc systems that recover precious 700 square metres. particularly UV, which catalyses the destruction
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PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY RECYCLINGFOCUS
of toxic organics such as PCBs, dioxins and around 2000 tonnes. With a growing number especially for the recovery of some precious
furans. But according to Deegan one of the of waste catalysts likely to enter the recycling metals. Theres mass recycling, but there
key benefits of the technology is that its circuit in the coming years, and demand for should also be value recycling. Thats where we
also very controllable, with exceptional turn precious metals looking likely to continue would see the application of our technology
down ratios allowing for flexibility to adjust to rise, the company is confident of strong extending in the future, concludes Deegan.
the process to suit the waste stream. interest in its technology for the recycling of
The material as it sits in the furnace forms a this waste stream. Ben Messenger is managing editor of
molten lava, but does not bubble and remains However, Deegan says that it is also keen Waste Management World
stable. That material reacts so that droplets of to exploit the growing resolve to recover a e-mail: benm@pennwell.com
collector metal are formed which percolate higher proportion of the valuable materials
through the molten bath of material taking the being discarded in e-waste, as well as exploring This article is on-line.
valuable metals into solution. Making another the possibility of recovering rare earths. Please visit www.waste-management-world.com
_____________________
vivid analogy Deegan explains that its almost E-waste is a wholly under utilised stream,
like a high temperature washing process, where
liquid metal is used as the detergent.
OUTPUT
The process works in a continuous manner, with
periodic interruptions, so normally the material
addition to the furnace is equal to the speed
with which material exits the process on a mass
flow basis, while maintaining a certain residency
time. The valuable PGMs, gold and silver are
periodically collected, mixed in a solution with
the iron or copper collector metal.
To extract and purify the individual precious
metals, the collector metal needs to undergo
final hydrometallurgical refining. In this process
the collector metal is dissolved in acid, and
subsequent treatments then cause the discreet
components to precipitate.
The main product by mass coming out of
the process is a material that Tetronics refer to
as Plasmarok, which from the treatment of
catalysts consists mainly of the melted ceramic
honeycomb. This output has been endorsed by
the UK Environment Agency as a product based
on its low environmental impact and its reuse
credentials.
ECONOMICS AND THE FUTURE

The companys customers fall broadly into
two categories. The first collect and refine the
precious metal and then market the collector
metal on the metal exchanges. But the second DONT SCRAMBLE WITH
YOUR RECYCLING SYSTEM
group, which includes companies such as
BASF and Solar, are not just interested in the
financial return. They want the precious metals
for closed loop recycling back into their own
products. You can twist and turn it as much as you want: enabling you to conserve your resources for a sustainable
At the heart of each recycling process there are tomorrow. You can rely both on our Made in Germany
Tetronics has already installed plants across
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the world, with two operating in the U.S., two sorting and recycling of primary and secondary raw individual requirements. After 40 years of successful
in South Korea, operated by BASF, as well as materials. VECOPLAN machinery and systems innovation we continuously strive to improve our products
one in Taiwan and is also currently building one create powerful recycling, whilst at the same time in your best interest.
in China and one in Japan.
It is very economically attractive at a small
scale because its technically efficient, says
Deegan, also noting that a single tonne of
autocatalysts is worth upto $80,000 and that
the two million catalysts which a standard size www.vecoplan.com
plant could handle per year would equate to
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RECYCLINGFOCUS THE PROMISE OF ZERO-WASTE
SMMART WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PAYS OFF IN TAIWAN
A
chieving zero-waste is a common hungry industries, including semiconductors
According to a recent goal shared by municipalities and integrated circuits, optoelectronics/
report by Taiwans across continents. For Taiwan, an photovoltaics, communications technology,
island nation of 23.2 million people, consumer packaged goods (CPG), plastics, and
Environmental Protection
leveraging sustainable materials management textiles. Using 220.8 million MWh of electricity
Administration, the (SMM) systems is seen as the way to achieving annually, exporting $325.1 billion worth of
countrys rate of properly- this goal. products, Taiwan has a $466.8 billion GDP (18th
According to a July report issued by Taiwans in the world) and the worlds fourth largest
treated municipal solid Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), foreign reserves. It imports over 98% of its
waste has reached the countrys rate of properly-treated municipal energy and raw materials.
solid waste (MSW) has reached 99.99%, MSW The EPA sees SMM as the next phase of
99.99%, with recycling at recycling is over 40%, and enterprise waste Taiwans integrated waste management
over 40%, and enterprise recycling is at 84%. Latest figures show nearly evolution, and has adopted the Organisation
3 million tonnes of recycled materials across 33 for Economic Co-operation and Developments
waste recycling as high regulated categories nationwide, an increase (OECD) definition. In late 2005, the OECD
as 84%. But Taiwan is of nearly 34,200 tonnes from the previous year. stated, Sustainable Materials Management is
Taiwan is determined its SMM systems an approach to promote sustainable materials
determined its sustainable can do better. By 2013, the restructuring use, integrating actions targeted at reducing
materials management and consolidation of 118 agencies and their negative environmental impacts and preserving
associated databases will be completed, and the natural capital throughout the life-cycle of
systems can do better. EPA will be renamed the Ministry of Environment materials, taking into account economic
by Angelina Jao and Natural Resources. Its export-driven high- efficiency and social equity. The United Nations
tech economy is dominated by resource- Environment Programme (UNEP) uses the term
Sustainable Resources Management.
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
Central to SMM (SRM) is control; without it,
resource-efficient economic growth would be
impossible. The national EPA and its local EPAs
work with municipal administrators, industry,
academia, NGOs, and other stakeholders on
systems to control how resources are used and
recycled into new products or incinerated.
The EPA was founded just 25 years ago,
in August 1987. By 1990, the 179 new landfills
that had been built the previous six years were
already rapidly nearing capacity, filled mainly by
enterprise waste which greatly exceeds MSW.
The administration needed more
mechanisms to bring the breakneck pace of
economic growth closer into balance with
social and environmental needs. By 1989
the EPA and the Ministry of Economic Affairs
(MOEA) had created the Joint Waste Reduction
Task Force. Programs were implemented
By 2011Taiwan was properly disposing of 80% of
targeting industries waste minimisation,
its industrial waste and 90% of its medical wastes
resource reduction, recycling, and reuse. Large
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THE PROMISE OF ZERO-WASTE RECYCLINGFOCUS
corporations were required to pass through IWM THE 4-IN-1 RECYCLING SYSTEM In the final of the four steps a Recycling
requirements to their satellite locations. Multiple How has Taiwan been able to achieve these Management Fund was established and to
programs were implemented by the Industrial benchmarks since the EPAs founding 25 years efficiently regulate recycling activities, the EPA
Development Bureau (IDB) of the MOEA, the ago? The head of the EPA, Minister Stephen Shu- established the Recycling Fund Management
agency responsible for industrial development Hung Shen explains: [The] political will of the Board (RFMB) in 1998. The EPA sets fees which
programs throughout Taiwan, to ensure people is very strong. NGOs are very strong, and not only manufacturers, but also importers,
stakeholders understood the requirements. model good environmental stewardship action must pay into the Recycling Management Fund,
Since extended producer responsibilities to the general public. which supports program costs (including actual
and sustainable materials management According to the minister working with collection and recycling work, subsidies for
concepts in general were novel to most NGOs to build consensus is important to education, auditing, and certifications).
enterprises in 1990, the IDB encouraged changing behaviour, and if people understand In past years, the Fund has managed an
adoption by employing public awareness the importance of coming to a consensus and average collection, disposal and treatment fee
promotions, awards programs, sector-specific adjusting their daily behaviour to protect the (CDTF) of $208.5 million/year.
educational training courses, and technical environment and the economy, then change
assistance. By the end of 1995, the joint task force will occur. To achieve SMM policy goals, LAW ENFORCEMENT
had established the National Center for Cleaner and build buy-in and consensus, the EPA When the EPA evolves into the Ministry of
Production, to provide deeper life-cycle analysis developed a unique, all stakeholder-inclusive, Environment and Natural Resources (MENR), the
of CPGs, benchmarking comparisons of selected comprehensive mechanism, the 4-in-1 Resource Waste Disposal Act and the Resource Recycling
manufacturing processes to find greater SMM Recycling System. The first of the four steps saw Act will likely be combined as the ministry
efficiencies. MOEA also co-sponsored nearly community-based NGOs organised to promote leverages its new formidable database.
80 R&D industrial waste reduction projects. the source separation of waste. Since 2000, specific industries have been
Financial incentives were also used to help The second step involved the development required to use the EPAs user-friendly online
industries engage in SMM at a faster rate. of a private recycling industry and the purchasing waste tracking and reporting system, the
As a result, within seven years solid waste of recyclables from communities and Municipal Industrial Waste Control Report System (IWCRS),
was reduced by 26,653 tonnes/year, CO2 reduced Garbage Collection Teams encouraged to report waste within 24 of it being shipped,
58,186 tonnes/year, wastewater reduced 1.3 The third step saw Municipal Garbage received, or completely treated. The Waste
million tonnes/year, and electricity conserved Collection Teams separate and collect MSW Disposal Act stipulates that all garbage trucks
at 487,000 MWh/year. Today, 14 categories of and recyclables, and provide a preset portion must pass specifications and maintenance tests,
33 items (13 types of containers and 20 types of of the proceeds from the sale of resources to and have permits for transportation and disposal,
commodities) are regulated recyclable waste. participating organisations and workers. as well as GPS tracking systems, transmitting the
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RECYCLINGFOCUS THE PROMISE OF ZERO-WASTE
trucks location every 30 seconds to the IWCRS. were issued. The IWCRS is the most visited individuals who violate the law, including up
As of 2011, 5872 trucks had passed the test out website of all Taiwanese government websites to NT$15 million ($500,000) in fines and three
of an estimated 7000 in operation nationwide. approximately half a million businesses, nearly years to life imprisonment . The EPA mandates
Industrial hazardous and toxic waste trucks all major industrial waste generators, use the over 10,000 on-site inspections annually, but
are closely monitored, and employ barcode reporting system. acknowledges that more inspectors are needed,
scanners to check manifests and compare data On Dec. 30, 2011, the EPA brought its and has implemented an education, training,
between generators and transporters' disposal Illegal Dumping Management System online and certification system to address any possible
routes. If a truck leaves its route, or enters a to create a database of dump sites around false reporting.
water source protection area, alarm systems will using GPS satellites to discover unreported sites.
automatically dispatch inspectors, who have Database auditing and mining assist inspectors SMM RESULTS
PDAs connected to the system, for immediate in discovering violations, which trigger on-site As a result of enforcement policies, significant
on-site investigations. In 2010, 432 suspected inspections of waste generators. Stiff fines and improvements continue to be documented.
violations were discovered, and 58 citations penalties are stipulated for corporations and Between the 2004 implementation of the waste
separation policy and 2011, MSW collected
dropped 38.4%, recyclables increased 96.6%,
and most impressively, kitchen waste collected
increased 171.1%. The rate of recyclable
materials collected has been calculated by the
the EPA to be at 40.4% in 2011 and 10.74% for
kitchen waste.
To build on this, by September new
regulations for registering, managing and
CCTV monitoring of resource recycling will go
into effect to improve the 10,000 formal and
informal recycling centres around the nation.
In 2010, about 16.8 million tonnes of
general industrial waste was reported by
industries (generators), haulers (transporters),
and treatment, storage and disposal facilities
(TSDFs).
The Waste Disposal Act requires 25,861
generators, 4963 transporters, and 865
TSDFs to make online reports on the IWCRS,
although over 466,000 firms now use the
Happy cows system. These generators represent 22% of the
total generators on the island, and generate
through tyre recycling? 80% of the waste annually. The remaining

20% of waste are generated by small-quantity
generators. As of 2011, 80% of industrial waste
A well-rested and content person perform better at work and in the and 90% of medical wastes have been properly
everyday life. This statement is generally accepted - why would not disposed.
the same be true for animals? By merely increasing the cows comfort
studies has shown that the milk production increases by 10%. For this BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY
purpose a Danish company has developed a cow mattress filled with The EPAs system provides savings and efficiencies
either recycled tyres (i.e. rubber granulate) or recycled PE (polyethylene) to generators, by allowing generators to self-
foam. The feedback from the milk producers, and the cows, has been audit, even enabling parent companies control
remarkable! over reported data of its subsidiaries. Reporting
functions are robust, including statistical analysis
End-of-life tyres are large problem with limitless
of temporary storage, permitted quantities,
possibilities. Find out more about how the
7-1 disposal quantity trends, GPS tracking inquiries,
mattresses has increased the well-being of 0
R i m N ov e as well as automated alert systems.
the cow by visiting our website. i mb
Pa n i , I t er, The IWCRS also permits waste disposal
vill a 2 01
ion ly 2
A5 facilities to track quantities as well as condition
,S
tan of post-treatment materials for possible reuse. All
d0
07 waste is accounted for and properly treated. The
system audits waste manifests against permits
for disposal, treatment, and recycling. Illegal
Eldan Recycling A/S
Vaerkmestervej 4, 5600 Faaborg, Denmark dumping is now nearly under control, with a
Phone: +45 63 61 25 45, Fax: +45 63 61 25 40 shrinking number of cases being pursued by
Email: info@eldan-recycling.com
the EPA. We have removed the illegal economic
advantages of the violators, states Shen.
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THE PROMISE OF ZERO-WASTE RECYCLINGFOCUS
THE PROMISE OF ZERO-WASTE rates continue to improve by strategically give enforcement teeth, has already yielded
The effectiveness of SMM has resulted in 84% progressing through step-by-step measures significant positive results in Taiwan. The
of industrial wastes being recycled, and the for source reduction and resource recycling present and near term sustainable materials
remaining 16% treated by the waste generators and reuse. However, Taiwans achievements management landscape includes a new
themselves, or through contracted professional in waste recycling are resulting in over-supply generation waste to energy systems to replace
services. Proper treatment of hazardous wastes of incineration capacity, and private operators aging mass burn incinerators operating well
is now at 60%, and the EPA and MOEA are which won contracts based on low bids are below capacity, mining landfills for recyclables,
evaluating ways to improve this rate. In March, seeking other feedstock to replace high- and projects to determine how to capitalise on
the EPA announced a new NT$20 million calorific waste like plastic and tyres that are recovered materials such as copper.
($674,000) fund to award grants for R&D into being recycled out of the waste stream. As Taiwans extensive stakeholder
recycling methods and carbon footprint The treatment of hazardous wastes (HW) consensus-building programs take root in the
calculations for recycling methods for waste needs to improve as well; the latest numbers remainder of its society and recycling rates
bio-plastics, e-waste, and each category of from the EPA indicate that in 2010, the top continue, policy-makers are seeking greater
spent battery - all products posing particular three types by volume are: electric arc smelting efficiencies in the next generation of technology.
challenges to the recycling system. furnace ash, copper sludge, and waste solution. The reclamation of hundreds of dump and
It was only in 1984 that Taiwan first began The EPA is evaluating what can be done to landfill sites will continue to be a priority, as will
construction of sanitary landfills, and not until retrofit current mass burn incinerators for upgrading waste to energy facilities, collection
1991 were the first incinerators built. Today, 21 better combined heat and power (CHP) energy trucks, and recycling systems. Multinationals,
government-owned and three privately-owned returns, as contract terms near their end. particularly in consumer packaged goods and
waste to energy incinerators treat approximately The recovery of additional challenging electronics, have already experienced benefits
20,000 tonnes of MSW daily, generating 8000 materials, such as copper, from the waste resulting from Taiwans SMM policies. This trend
MWh/day of electricity. All 150 incinerators in stream is another area the EPA and MOEA is projected to continue across other industries.
Taiwan are gradually being transformed into are evaluating. According to EPA officials, the
regional biomass energy centres. The remaining former models of Build-Operate-Transfer or Angelina Jao is a Masters Candidate at
landfills are being shut down after reaching Build-Operate-Own are also under evaluation. Harvard University
capacity, and future byproducts of incinerators e-mail: angelinajao@gmail.com
will be used for land reclamation. CONCLUSIONS
Taiwans SMM policies have transformed A combination of the Waste Disposal Act, This article is on-line.
from earlier end-of-pipe treatment to the Resource Recycling Act, strategic policy Visit www.waste-management-world.com
the current zero-waste mechanisms, and mechanisms, and leveraging technology to
State of the LindnerART:

Reduce to the max
Tina Romann
Marketing
We reduce everything. Almost everything. But never our know-how.

You can profit from this too, because you are in good company
among our numerous renowned customers worldwide.
More than 1.000 shredders and plants for processing refuse
derived fuels sold they speak for themselves.
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a s h
Trtalking
THE COMINGLED
DEBATE
Over recent years there has been much debate both in the industry, and among
politicians and the public over the relative merits of source separated and
comingled recycling collections. On the one hand it is argued that comingled is
easier to collect and encourages greater participation, on the other some argue
that source separated produces higher quality materials. WMW asked some of the
industrys key players for their views on the subject.
SEPARATE AND COMINGLED COLLECTIONS CAN BE COMPEMENTARY
The question of comingled versus source separated The first limitation is the amount of fractions that
collection systems is usually a good topic for a fierce people can physically source separate in their homes.
debate among waste professionals. Apparently this Its obvious that people living in detached houses
is a matter of believers and disbelievers. That is a pity in rural areas have much more space to store waste,
because the real question is not which one is best, but compared to those living in an apartment in a big city.
which system suits best in which circumstances. It is therefore no surprise that in big cities the
Believers in source separation will argue that participation in waste separation is usually much
only it will give you the quality that is needed for lower. Secondly, in order to obtain not only a high
optimal recycling. Comingled collection leads to quality but also a significant quantity, source separated
contamination and therefore to loss of quality. This waste needs to be collected at the kerb and there are
is of course a legitimate argument which cant be limits to the number of bins people will accept.
MAARTEN GOORHUIS denied. The quality of source separated material is In the Netherlands, which has an infrastructure for
SENIOR POLICY ADVISOR, indeed usually better. waste separation dominated by source separation, the
NVRD DUTCH SOLID WASTE
ASSOCIATION AND CHAIR OF
Besides that citizens are also very happy to recycle. limits are well illustrated when the recycling rates of
ISWA WG RECYCLING & WASTE Its easy and simple and it brings the feeling that one the big cities are compared to the rest of the country.
MINIMIZATION is doing something good for the environment. Every The big cities are way behind, and in fact hardly
survey that has been carried out on waste collection contribute to the national recycling rate.
in the Netherlands always showed that people love Comingled collection can be a very good
to separate their waste. Also deposit-return systems complementary solution. It is particularly suited
for beverage packaging can count on a very high to highly urbanised areas where its hard or even
popularity. So there is no question over the willingness impossible to implement comprehensive source
of citizens to source separate their waste, nor about separation, and to the collection of a designated
the supreme quality of source separated material. fraction of source separated mixed dry materials which
There are however limitations to source separation. can easily be separated, such as packaging.
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TRASH TALKING
WHEN SWITCHING MADE SENSE
Earlier this year, Melton Borough Council chose to previously free garden waste service with Biffas
switch from its long-standing, and high-performing, subscription-based Green Waste Club.
kerbside-sort recycling service to a fully commingled Many of our 49,000 residents had said they wanted
collection system. Cost and performance were the to recycle more materials, such as some plastics,
main reasons behind the switch. window envelopes and the like. Commingling in a
Like many councils, we faced challenging budget wheeled bin enables this expansion, as well as being
cuts, and after intense discussion, we zeroed in on much easier for residents to divert virtually every dry
our waste and recycling service - this accounts for recyclable from landfill.
around 40% of Meltons annual budget. We assessed a lot of evidence showing that
Our eventual decision to change was guided commingling can really lift dry recycling performance.
both by resident comments and by the collective So it proved: in the first four months of our new
experience of our long-term waste and recycling service, Meltons recycling is up 20%, while waste to
RAMAN SELVON partner, Biffa. Soon after being awarded an integrated landfill is down by over 6%. Its very likely we will hit
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL waste service contract ten years ago, Biffa introduced our target of a 25% uplift.
MAINTENANCE MANAGER,
MELTON BOROUGH COUNCIL alternate week collection of twin wheeled bins Were now avoiding some of the rising waste
(refuse and green waste), and weekly kerbside- disposal costs, and receive income from sales of
sort collection of boxed dry recyclables. Residents quality recyclables processed at Biffas ultra-modern
responded enthusiastically and Melton became a top MRF in Aldridge.
recycler, achieving a 50% rate. Meltons decision to switch should cut around
Our cost-saving answer, rolled out as a major 5% a six figure sum - from our contract costs. This
service change in April, switched from weekly logical, practical decision ticked all the right boxes
collections of boxed, kerbside-sorted dry recyclables for us, and shows that a local authority can adapt to
to fortnightly collections of fully commingled changing times and doesnt have to stay wedded to
materials in a wheeled bin. We also replaced the an established collection system.
THE SHREDDER FOR BIG TASKS!

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TRASH TALKING
INVESTMENT IN MRFS KEY TO QUALITY
The comingled debate has rumbled on for some years UK reprocessors, particularly the paper mills, have
now and although it has its detractors, local authorities struggled to cope with the contamination levels
continue to adopt the system because of the benefits derived from comingled collections when newer
that it produces. If we go back to the early 90s when facilities opening up particularly in the Far East,
resident participation rates were poor, one of the big seemingly having very little difficulty in reprocessing
issues highlighted was the inconsistent demands of the material.
the collection authorities. Collections were carried out This debate has been further fuelled by some
in 53 litre boxes, wheeled bins, and or coloured sacks, operators taking advantage of very favourable trading
each with its own product mix and each with its own conditions in Asia and exporting substandard materials,
collection method. which has lead to a number of issues with regulatory
The growth of comingled collections has increased inspectors. This practice is, by and large, now a thing
the volume generated at the kerbside by providing a of the past as the sector is starting to consolidate
PAUL DUMPLETON simple effective system that is easy for the public to with recyclers investing heavily in the appropriate
REGIONAL BUSINESS MANAGER, understand, easy to participate in and offers a lower processing equipment, the result of which, is a number
FCC ENVIRONMENT cost of collection for authorities and contractors. of large regional MRFs starting to appear as a result of
In simple terms source separated materials are PFI investment or private speculative ventures.
more expensive to collect as productivity is much Despite several attempts to ban the comingled
lower and requires specialist vehicles. The material is, system it is here to stay for the foreseeable future as
however, far cheaper to process and usually has much it ticks so many boxes for the authorities it serves.
lower contamination rates. Comingled material is very There are however, a number of issues that need to
cheap to collect as it can be integrated into an existing be addressed going forward and these all tend to
collection fleet, but is more expensive to process as relate to the quality debate. The inclusion of glass, the
the material has to go through a materials recycling introduction of a workable quality code of practice, the
facility (MRF). product range and market drivers are all areas where
The real debate over the past few years has further debate and clarification will be required before
been one of quality and is driven by the fact that the angst finally goes away.
Its not a waste to sort !
sort it all in one pass limit costs

save space reduce energy
For a free demonstration, contact us or visit our website

info@bestsorting.com | www.bestsorting.com
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TRASH TALKING
TECHNOLOGY THE NEED TO MAXIMISE

ANSWER TO QUALITY SECONDARY RAW MATERIAL RECOVERY
JONATHAN CLARKE FRITZ K. PRESSEL

UK COUNTRY MANAGER FOR CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF THE
TITECH GERMAN ASSOCIATION FOR
WASTE MANAGEMENT (DGAW)
In Europe, Cyprus has been one of Recycling of waste is popular

the first countries ever to recycle in Germany. Consumers have
unsorted waste on a commercial developed a high awareness over
scale. Built in 2009 its latest facility the years, especially since 1992
gives some idea of the type of with the introduction of the Grner
recovery rates that todays sorting Punkt (green dot) system for the
technology can achieve. Based in collection of packaging materials.
Kosi and located next to a new German households are champions
landfill the facility consists of sorting, bio drying and composting facilities. in recycling of used glass, paper, metal, plastic and packaging material
Dealing with the regions MSW the site has a 40 tonnes per hour as well as organic waste for composting. We have established various
capacity on two lines. It has 12 Near Infra-Red (NIR) units capable of collection services for each of these fractions, including kerbside bins
recovering film, mixed paper, PET, PE/PP, cardboard, tetra and aluminium, located at households, as well as municipal bring systems.
as well as magnets to remove ferrous metals. Historically Germany has used separate recycling collections. However,
The facility is capable of recovery rates of around 70% for ferrous recycling techniques have improved enormously. Today we are able
metals, 60% for non-ferrous cans, 50% for total non-ferrous metals, as well to separate mixed household waste at reasonable cost and produce
as approximately 35% for all plastics and 50% for paper. Additionally, the acceptable quality products. In Germany we therefore discuss the
purity of the recyclables is 90% or above for PE film, paper, PET, HDPE/PP Wertstofftonne (recycling bin) to collect various fractions at once instead.
and non-ferrous metals between 70-130 mm. The focus with regard to recycling should be set more on quality
There are valid arguments for a separate dry comingled stream (largely than quantity, with a material recycling rate of 65% and more possible.
due to the quality of paper) with the rest of the waste going into residual, We recommend using revenues from the sale of recyclates to lower the
but thats where separation can stop technology can do the rest. service fees to citizens for collection, treatment and disposal.
The reliable brand!
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shredding technology
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Visit us at: Pollutec, 27-30 Nov 2012 at Eurexpo Lyon! Hall 3, stand: D222
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RECYCLINGFOCUS RWM REVIEW
NEW PRODUCTS
& POLICIES Unveiled at RWM
This years RWM in management solutions provider FleetMind knowledge capture software engine to deliver
Solutions showcased their ruggedized smart expert knowledge from technical specialists,
partnership with CIWM display solution for waste collection vehicles. waste operators, technology developers and
event saw a number Speaking to WMW, Fleetmind vice president, regulators.
Don Diego Padilla explained how GDCs We wanted to find a way to help businesses
of landmark product GD4010 smart display has been integrated with achieve their sustainability goals in a way that was
launches and debuts, FleetMinds fleet management system to enable more accessible, interactive and cost effective
as well as a packed waste companies to manages a wide range than those more traditional routes, explained
of inputs from a vehicles on-board systems Dan Botterill, chief executive of Revise Limited.
conference programme including cameras, scales, RFID readers, tyre
and the launch of the pressure and fuel monitoring, and much more. SORTING
It eliminates the need for multiple TITECH took the opportunity to debut its new
Labour partys new solutions, is easier to install than comparable autosort 4 system in the UK. It utilises a FLYING
policies on Waste. solutions and ensures a much improved driver BEAM instead of an external light source. The
experience, said Padilla. technology uses two internal energy sources
On the waste to energy front, PyroPure which illuminate the scanner via a rotating
U
showed off its freezer sized appliance which mirror which results in a homogenous light
nveiling his partys new policies at utilises pyrolysis and gasification technology source that is solely focused on the area of the
the show, Labours shadow waste to treat hygiene waste on-site. Featured in the belt being measured, providing more accurate
minister, Gavin Shuker MP, called previous issue of WMW, the system is able to sorting over the width of the belt and over time.
for a Plan B for resources, and recover more energy in the form of hot water Meanwhile French sorting systems
criticised a lack of action on waste and resources than it uses to treat the waste. specialist, Pellenc showed off its latest innovation
by the UKs current coalition government. In designed for sorting of very small fractions such
his speech, Shuker called on Defra to take CUTTING COSTS as plastic flakes, as well as metals such as copper,
a more ambitious approach to waste policy, With finances tight across a number of industries, aluminium, brass. The Mistral FineSort can sort
including adopting a higher recycling target and the exhibition saw the debut of a number of fractions of between 2 and 50 mm.
bringing England into line with the devolved products and services aimed at cutting the cost
administrations in Wales and Scotland of managing wastes. One such product is the
Meanwhile, on the show floor General VIRTUAL Waste Expert, part of an on-line software This article is on-line.
Dynamics Canada (GDC), a commercial and platform called Cloud Sustainability developed Please visit www.waste-management-world.com
military technology developer, and fleet by Revise Limited. The software utilises a
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RWM REVIEW RECYCLINGFOCUS
NEW MODELS & NEW IDEAS:

Malcolm Bates Reports from RWM
As might be expected, UK market leader JCB on the JCB stand was a Wastemaster version of And while well be looking at some of the
used the recent RWM event to signal some of the 4CX backhoe loader. While backhoe loaders other new products in more detail in future
the new products that we have to look forward are not widely used in waste and recycling issues of WMW, JCB managed another new
to in the New Year. - in comparison to construction that is - JCB development at RWM - the first major order
Most likely to be of interest on a global designers have cleverly rebranded the robust for the latest EcoMax diesel engine used as
basis is the new JS20MH (MH stands for 4CX into something of a budget-priced multi- an auxiliary engine in truck-mounted vacuum
Materials Handler) available as standard tasking toolcarrier, capable of digging, loading, sweepers - market leader Johnston Sweepers
with hydraulically raised cab. JCB has been moving hooklift containers and working with - the UK manufacturer in the Swiss Bucher
under considerable pressure from operators other attachments. Group - will use the EcoMax as standard on
to introduce higher spec dedicated waste The 4CX wastemaster is ideal for waste and its latest models of five and six cubic metre
specifications over and above the normal recycling operations in lightly populated areas capacity truck-mounted vacuum sweepers.
Wastemaster package and the JS20MH is where there is not enough traffic to keep a full Significantly, while a number of other
sure to be the first of several - with even range of more specialised machines busy. leading OEMs are looking for new hybrid drive
heavier models coming next perhaps? The In contrast to bigger machines, one of the systems, thats one area that JCB engineers
JS20MH features a new slew ring gearbox, smaller JCBs built for the agricultural sector are keeping quiet about - on the other hand,
central turret skid and is powered by a 97kW - the compact articulated Telemaster is also Johnston Sweepers has also announced a
JCB DieselMax engine, fitted with intelligent making a name for itself in waste and recycling hydrostatic option to go alongside the
engine reversing fan. While the Loadall range - and it too is now avaibale in Wastemaster traditional two-engined truck-mounts.
has also now also gained dedicated waste specification - making it a tougher alternative So anything could be possible over the
sector models like the 550-80, the big surprise to lighter duty telehandlers. next few months!
FIMAI | 6-8 November

San Paolo (Brasil) | Stand 16A
Ecomondo | 7-10 November
Rimini (I) | Hall A3 - Stand 072
Pollutec | 27 30 November
Lyon (F) | Hall 3 Stand A210
www.eco-star.it
For our next event:
www.eco-star.it
SOLUTIONS FOR: PATENTED

-
-
MSW
RDF
DISCS SCREENS
- RECYCLING WOOD
- SCRAP METAL
- CAR FLUFF
- C&D
- PAPER AND
CARDBOARD
- ASH FROM INCINERATOR
- RECYCLING TYRES
- HAZARDOUS WASTE
info@ecostarsrl.it
- BIO WASTE Tel. 0444 750942
- PET BOTTLES
CDR-CSS C&D
SCRAP
METAL
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RED GIANT
The multitalent for

WE SHRED wood, waste and scrap !
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27-30 NOVEMBER 2012
LYON, FRANCE
mobile systems & stationary plants | economical & reliable | service worldwide
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Phone: +49 (0) 36 95 / 69 91 -0 E-Mail: info@hammel.de Internet: www.hammel.de
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PRODUCT PROMOTION
PRODUCT NEWS
AUT: OUTPUT SIZE & LINDNER:THE ART OF
SHREDDERS INNOVATIVE SHREDDING
It is a fact that size matters at a marketable grit size of 50-80 mm. Lindner-Recyclingtech began spe- result, pre-shredding separators
least when it comes to recovering Other customers are mainly in- cialising in the development, man- such as the Lindner Heavy Fraction
resources from waste. The size of terested in converting mixed resi- ufacture and sale of single shaft Separator HFS-1200 are installed.
the output fraction has become a dential waste into a useful product, shredders and compact plants for The material that is shredded and
crucial requirement that our cus- principally RDF. Here the focus is on processing RDF as early as 1999. sorted this way can be reduced to
tomers expect us to meet. grinding the material to size. There are more than 1200 Lindner a size of 5 mm by the secondary
Many of our customers primarily However, we have learned from machines in operation globally. KOMET / POWER KOMET shredders.
aim to recover valuable resources. our customers that while the de- In an RDF-plant, Lindner pre- The universal shredder MICRO-
In order to guarantee great sorting sired output size may vary, opera- and secondary shredders work MAT can be manufactured in 120
results, attention should be paid to tors expectations on a crushing or together. Untreated material is re- different designs and client require-
the shredding process. shredding devices performance, duced to between 100 to 400 mm ments continuously extend the va-
This turns out to be specifically availability and handling do not. by the JUPITER pre-shredder. riety of Lindner shredders.
important in treatment systems We provide technology that ele- In order to achieve the best www.l-rt.com
for mixed metal waste or e-waste gantly teams all these expectations
including chunky electronic appli- with the choice of various output
ances. Here, the operators primary sizes with no additional screening. UMICORE: PRECIOUS
METALS REFINING
concern is breaking up composites The AUT Cross Flow Shredder s phi-
and exposing encased parts be- losophy is simple: low wear, robust
cause this makes it easier for sub- design, unfussy handling, efficient
sequent sorting units to recognise material break-up and grit sizes Umicore Precious Metals Refin- management, etc. Our high busi-
specific material types. Customers that match with operators current ing is one of the worlds largest ness standards and ethics provide
here are mainly interested in clean or future needs. companies in spent auto catalysts a basis for a long-term relationship.
output particles that tend to have www.aut-chemnitz.de recycling, and is proud to offer its Were even more proud of our
clients the best value in recycling eco-efficient total quality approach,
and refining precious metals. our advanced and environmentally
HSM: ENERGY EFFICIENT With processing locations in
both Europe and the U.S., we pro-
sound technology, our openness
and transparency towards our cus-
BALING SOLUTION vide services including high-quali-
ty customised options, early metal
tomers, employees and society.
www.autocatalyst-recycling.
Its 6.2 metres high, weighs 40 quantities are set to increase con- pricing, financing, metal account umicore.com
tonnes and has a pressing power siderably in the near future. The
of 1200 kN: the fully automated VK current daily output of 160 bales
12018 R channel baling press from
HSM for pressing paper, cardboard
will almost double to around 300
bales. That is why only a large solu-
KOMPTECH:WHILE
and cardboard boxes has been
in use by SITA in Hochheim for
tion would do. Highly compressed
bales can be stacked to a greater
SUPPLIES LAST
around three months. height, which increases the capac- Komptech is using the transition petitors, is using to the benefit of
There are fewer bales thanks to ity of the warehouse. period for Stage 3a engines to help its customers. Stage 3a engines are
the enormous pressing pressure The warehouse has limited its customers to save money. The still the best available power plants
and the large bale format. This al- space. The more compressed the advantages are lower upfront cost, to drive Komptech machines.
lows SITA to utilise the warehouse bales, the more stable they are. lower maintenance costs and prov- Therefore, we will continue to use
in the best way possible, speed up They can therefore be stacked en, efficient technology. them during the transition period,
logistics and reduce energy use. higher and safer. The high com- In 2011 new emissions limits so that we can give you the best
Every year, around 30,000 pression also reduces the number (Stage 3b) came into force in the technology at the best price.
tonnes of paper and cardboard of bales, which reduces the cost of EU. Due to the substantial techni- Naturally, our machines are also
from households, printers, busi- logistics and wire. The binding wire cal changes this will require, transi- already available with Stage 3b/Tier
nesses and press wholesalers ac- per bale costs around 1.30. tion periods have been laid down, 4i engines.
cumulate on the premises in. These www.en.hsm.eu/ which Komptech, unlike its com- www.komptech.com
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PRODUCT PROMOTION
TANA: CONTINUOUS METSO: SHREDDING 7M

IMPROVEMENT TONNES IN JAPAN
Tana Oy has been passionate ment system with remote online In April 2012, Metso supplied four However, due to the huge amount
about waste handling innovations access to the machines control sys- M&J EtaPreShred 6000 machines of mud, the waste density at Ishi-
since 1971. It is in our lifeblood to tem brought value added services to Kouki Corporation in Japan to nomaki is significantly higher
provide you with information man- in landfill management equipment be integrated into the Ishinomaki than usual. In addition the plant
agement tools for optimising your to an earlier unseen level. Together incineration plant. setup includes 6 feeding systems
business, and robust engineering with the TANA Control Systems this The plant was established to to supply the machines and one
to guarantee that your TANA land- allows the user to tune processes clean up the area after a tsunami excavator to even out the waste,
fill compactors, TANA Shark waste for best productivity. devastated the region. The coast- conveyed by the feeder belt and
shredders and TANA BioChipper TANA ProTrack acts pro-actively line has been divided into sections, sorting lines, on the cutting table in
wood chippers will churn out the by notifying of scheduled services with Ishinomaki being the biggest, the hopper.
maximum profit day in, day out. and other pre-programmed alarms and the Ishinomaki government Metso Japans customer sup-
TANA machinery is engineered enable the operator to maximise now faces the difficult task to elimi- port manager, Mr. Kanno, will pro-
for maximum uptime. A robust uptime and save on maintenance nate 7 million tonnes of waste. This vide permanent support for the
design, proven materials, excel- costs. It is also a useful reporting particular waste contains all sorts Ishinomaki plant for the next cou-
lent serviceability and ergonomics tool. Both standard and custom- of debris from the sea, mixed up ple of years, while also being re-
all keep TANA machinery reliable ised reports can be sent directly by with structural components of sponsible for the other M&J 4000M
delivering the best performance email for surveillance and action. houses and a lot of mud. units installed in the same area in
and profit. The company is known TANA ProLoc is a GPS tracking The gigantic mass of waste Japan (Miyako and Kamaishi).
for providing intelligent machines system that optimises landfill space will be processed by four M&J Kouki Corporation, a construc-
for intelligent processes. Each ma- usage and volume reduction. EtaPreShred 6000 machines, em- tion company is implementing
chine is equipped with state-of- Information tools are a vital part ploying around 300 people per the Ishinomaki project for the
the-art machine intelligence that of the equipment investment as shift. For comparison - an average government. Delivered to Ishi-
increases the ability to measure they help the operator to under- incineration plant in the UK is han- nomaki at the end of April, the M&J
customer value. stand the capacity and outcome of dling around 650,000 tonnes per EtaPreShred 6000 machines form
First introduced in 2008, TANA waste handling processes. year with three M&J EtaPreShred the core of the plant.
ProTrack information manage- www.tanarecycling.com 4000 units running in two shifts. www.metso.com/recycling
STEINERT where Nothing

is too small for Sorting
Plastic Sorting
> UniSort P Flake
Metal Sorting
> UniSort C Flake
Ecomondo: hall A5, booth 167

Poleko: hall 5, booth 34
Pollutec: hall 3, alley D, booth 196
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PRODUCT PROMOTION
VECOPLAN: ENERGY IS MASIAS: SORTING SYS-

ALL AROUND US TEMS FOR BIG PROJECTS
Fossil fuels are obvious sources of Jrgen Musche recognised how Masias Recycling SL began as- The pretreatment facility is com-
energy, but less obvious sources, important efficient reprocessing of sembly works for the new MRF at posed of three lines of about 36
such as the waste are also valuable. valuable materials would be and in AmeyCespas Waste Management tph each, which sort the recyclable
Old pallets, film, PET bottles, 1969, they founded VECOPLAN. Park in Waterbeach in mid-July. Last materials and prepare the remain-
household and commercial waste Today VECOPLAN is a subsidiary year it was awarded the project to ing fraction for a further biological
- can all be converted for use in of M.A.X. Automation AG in Ds- design, supply and commission stabilisation process. The recyclable
the production of energy. You just seldorf. one process line, which will treat fraction is sorted into PET, HDPE,
need the expertise to release it! Historically rooted in wood re- around 14 tph of source segregat- LDPE, mixed plastics, cardboard,
VECOPLAN AG, Bad Marien- cycling, VECOPLAN has grown into ed and commingled dry recyclable and ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
berg, Germany, has the expertise. one of the most versatile compa- materials, with the aim of maximis- Assembly of Masias equipment is
For more than 40 years, VECOPLAN nies in the industry, active in seven ing the recovery of valuable ma- to start in August 2013, while com-
has designed, engineered, manu- markets: wood, biomass and pel- terials such as cardboard, paper, missioning is expected to begin in
factured, and commissioned ad- letizing, alternative fuels, domestic metals, glass or different sorts of May 2014.
vanced machines and systems that and commercial waste, plastic, pa- plastics. The assembly works began Masias has also recently up-
shred, convey and process primary per and special applications. on time and the new facility is ex- dated its website: _______
www.masias-
and secondary resources. In keeping with the companys pected to be commissioned by the recycling.com. The site has been
________
The efficient recovery and recy- philosophy, technology for a sus- end of the year. designed and created as a corpo-
cling of residual materials requires tainable tomorrow, VECOPLAN Waterbeach MRF is not the lat- rate tool to showcase all Masias
state-of-the art environmental also focuses on the energy efficien- est project that Masias has been Recyclings capabilities. The new
technologies, which can only be cy of the machines they produce awarded in the UK though, as it personalised, structured and intui-
achieved through a combination of and has developed a revolution- is also to supply, under turn-key tive space will serve as a platform
skill and knowledge in engineering, ary drive motor for their shredders. project conditions, the equipment for communicating updates about
research and development. Gearless and water-cooled the for the pre-treatment of residual the company to target audiences,
Long before the importance HiTorc direct drive motor allows waste and for the refinement of a bring content to users and facilitate
of recycling took root, Irene Sc- power savings of up to 60%. stabilised fraction at an MBT facility contact with the company.
heidweiler, Hans-Josef Leukel and www.vecoplan.de in Essex. www.masiasrecycling.com
_________________________
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BIOWASTE HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS
INNOVATIONS IN
RENEWABLE
CHEMICAL
PRODUCTION
Biowastes represent a vast reservoir of valuable compounds,
but these substances are often present at low concentrations in
complex aqueous mixtures. However, new technology is being
developed to extract, purify and process such compounds.
by Maggie Smallwood
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HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS BIOWASTE
A
s businesses and governments antibiotics, with a value 22 billion by 2013. For enzyme-mediated reactions as it offers excellent
around the world are increasingly bulk chemicals, the biorenewable market has mass transfer with simple product work-up.
turning to waste as a source been estimated at 2.4 billion in 2010 growing Software is now available for modelling which
of chemicals, materials and at compound annual growth rate of 23% up green and bio-derived solvents are most
fuel, universities are rising to the challenge to 2015. Under favourable market conditions favourable for particular reactions compared to
of producing technology that can up-cycle biorenewables could represent nearly 40% of the current petro-chemical alternative.
complex biowastes into the high value bulk chemicals by 2050. Microwave technology offers a number
chemicals and materials that are normally Companies are already investing in of advantages for converting bio-wastes into
sourced from petrochemicals. facilities to exploit waste streams for chemical useful products. It is a rapid, flexible, energy
At the University of York, two internationally production. For instance, Archer Daniels efficient heating method that allows continuous
recognised research groups have come together Midland is developing a portfolio of chemicals processing to produce liquid and solid fuels as
to establish the Biorenewables Development fed by renewable raw materials. They have well as chemical products. The equipment can
Centre (BDC), a not-for-profit company that commissioned a 100,000 tonne propylene glycol be scaled for installation on mobile units able to
supports industry in development and scale up plant in Illinois which will be fed by glycerol move between waste producers.
of new technology for converting plants and from soybean and canola oil production. Microwaves also promote novel reaction
biowastes into high value products. pathways and accelerate the rate of chemical
Founded on research in the University of SUSTAINABILITY reactions. For instance, it has been shown
Yorks Green Chemistry Centre, the BDCs Process The UK has legally binding commitments to at laboratory scale that low temperature
Development Unit has a range of modular, open reduce both CO2 emissions and the quantities of microwave pyrolysis of cardboard or paper
access facilities for use by industry. In addition to waste going to landfill: chemicals derived from produces high value chemicals such as
traditional technology such as milling, pelletising biowastes can contribute to achieving these levoglucosenone and levoglucosan that are
and macerating it can offer fibre expansion and targets. For instance, bio-based caprolactam (a potential building blocks for pharmaceuticals
CO2 extraction as well as novel technologies chemical used in production of nylon) saves and polymers. Simultaneously sugars may be
including low temperature microwave pyrolysis over five tonnes of CO2e per tonne of product released that can be fermented to ethanol or
and spinning cone distillation facilities. compared with fossil-based caprolactam. other chemicals as well as low value co-products
The BDC is a not-for-profit company As emissions become monetised, proven such as biochar for use in energy production or
established by the University of York to assist reductions in emissions will yield direct financial soil improvement.
businesses in developing high value products benefit as well as added value for brands. Industrial biotechnology also has a role to
from plants and biowastes. It is supported by Social sustainability is as important as play in the exploitation of bio-wastes for high
investment from the Department of Business, economic and environmental sustainability. value chemicals. Some micro-organisms are
Innovation and Skills (BIS) and the European Development of biorefineries, where fuels, ideally adapted to grow on bio-wastes and can
Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and is part chemicals and materials are manufactured from catalyse chemical transformations at ambient
of a major infrastructure project led by SCY to locally grown raw materials, produces clusters pressures and temperatures. The genomics
extend the assets and strategic potential of York of businesses and support industries, revitalising revolution has given scientists high throughput
as a leading centre for science and innovation. rural economies. Using grains and oilseeds for tools to select strains that catalyse reactions
We are seeing an increasing commercial food and biowastes for renewable chemical of choice. For instance Aspergillus is a versatile
pull for renewable and bio-based feedstocks as and fuel production reduces competition for micro-organism which has been used in
industries realise they need sustainable sources agricultural resources. industrial fermentation for many years, including
for their raw materials. We see ourselves as part for the production of citric acid from sugar. It is
of the drive towards a bio-based economy TECHNOLOGY able to grow on a range of substrates commonly
where our fuel, chemicals and materials are New technology is needed for reliable extraction, found in waste streams from bioprocessing.
derived from renewable resources, explains the separation and transformation of chemicals With the help of the complete genetic
BDCs director, Joe Ross. from biowastes. Many valuable components are sequence and metabolic models of a well-
The technology now exists to breed crops locked up in complex bio-polymers and other understood strain of Aspergillus, researchers
where value can be extracted from their waste structures. Ideally, we would like to access these from the Centre for Novel Agricultural Products
streams, adds Professor Simon McQueen Mason, through natural solvents such as water, ethanol, at the University of York have been working
also a director at the BDC. For instance, we are and carbon dioxide using minimal energy. Also, with the Feedstock Development Unit of the
applying the latest genomic technologies to chemical production is an integrated process: BDC and a small technology firm, Citration
develop crops where the straw can be easily initial extraction of high value compounds Technology, to develop potential routes for the
fermented into bioethanol without compromising needs to allow subsequent processing for lower production of commercially attractive industrial
the yield of grain for food use. value applications e.g. energy or soil improvers. chemicals.
Higher value compounds, for instance Bio-wastes can be improved as raw materials
MARKET FACTORS flavour, fragrance and bioactive compounds, are through breeding of the plants from which they
The production of chemicals from biorenewable often found in the skins of fruit and vegetables, are derived. The BDCs Feedstock Development
resources is not new, for instance we use starch where they act to deter pests. Essential oils and Unit uses fast track breeding technology to
for a huge range of non-food purposes. The oleoresins can be extracted using liquid CO2, develop plants with enhanced levels or profiles
International Energy Agency (IEA) estimate but CO2 can also be employed as a supercritical of useful compounds.
current annual production of bio-based fluid, a highly tuneable solvent that can be used Whilst imaginative science has been
chemicals and polymers at around 50 million to selectively extract a wide range of molecules applied to develop ingenious technology in the
tonnes, including high value fermentation with no solvent residue. CO2 is also an attractive laboratory, too often the ideas remain in academic
products such as amino acids, vitamins and solvent for chemical reactions, particularly journals rather than being implemented in the
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BIOWASTE HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS
The first generation biofuel installations produce

significant quantities of waste. For instance 10
tonnes of biodiesel makes over a tonne of
glycerol by-product. These waste materials often
go to relatively low value applications such as
anaerobic digestion, but they have potential as
feedstocks for the chemical industry.
At the University of York, the Green
Chemistry Centre of Excellence (GCCE) has been
working with Brocklesby Ltd, a small company
which processes and blends vegetable and
animal oils and fats from the food manufacturing
sector into biofuel and animal feed products.
They were looking for robust processes for
the purification and chemical conversion of
the glycerol by-product into higher value
compounds. Several routes were explored:
Equipment is arranged in a modular fashion and can take crude polyglycerols for manufacture of polymers and
raw material and refine it through a divers set of processes speciality lubricants, esterification to produce
fuel additives and plasticisers and conversion to
real world. Facilities like the BDC aim to bridge BIOFUEL WASTE platform chemicals such as succinic acid that
this gap between laboratory research and For the biofuel industry to develop into a sector can be transformed into a wide range of other
commercial application a gap known as the that is sustainable it must capture value from chemicals. The award-winning collaboration
valley of death amongst innovation specialists. its by-products. It will need to emulate the oil contributed to development of a novel product
The BDCs open-access facilities are designed industry where chemicals, materials and a range used in water treatment, DENITROL, as well as
to scale up novel technologies to produce an of fuels are refined from the crude feedstock. It the use of glycerol in anaerobic digestion.
amount of material that industry can test in its is worth noting that chemicals represent less
own products. It offers access to analytical and than 10% of oil refinery production, but that AGRICULTURAL WASTES
processing technology that industry, especially 10% has a value nearly equal to the 90% which Much of the biomass produced by agriculture is
SMEs, could not otherwise access. is used as fuel. treated as a waste product. For instance disposal
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HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS BIOWASTE
of straw from small grains is a major source of land component waste streams. These are the low as cresol. Residual biomass has potential to be
and air pollution globally. However like many hanging fruit for processing into high value fermented for production of biofuels.
agricultural products, wheat straw contains a chemicals. Examples include coffee grounds
range of valuable compounds including natural which are being converted into boards and soil CONCLUSIONS
waxes. Waxes have uses in products ranging improvers, orange peel and brewery wastes. Policy priorities, technology push and market
from surface coatings to cosmetics and the There are over fifteen million tonnes of citrus pull are all aligned to develop bio-wastes as
compounds found on the surface of wheat waste produced each year, mainly discarded feedstocks for the chemical using industries. It
straw have properties comparable to a number peels, which are a significant environmental satisfies a number of policies related to reducing
of waxes currently used. liability for disposal, but offer an interesting emissions. It offers a way to reduce costs and
The GCCE developed a low-cost, green source of high value compounds. Professor environmental liabilities as well as add value
chemistry approach to extract wax from wheat James Clark, head of the GCCE explains: The A wide range of new technologies, are being
straw and is working with a consortium of by-product of the juicing industry has the developed to both process bio-wastes and
companies including Botanix and Croda potential to provide a range of compounds, to breed crops with useful by-products. The
Chemicals Europe to commercialise it. offering a more profitable and environmentally innovation routes to take technology out of the
The biofuel industry is turning to valuable alternative to current waste use laboratory into commercialisation are maturing.
lignocellulosic wastes such as straw and practices. We are seeking to do this by harnessing Joe Ross is confident that the BDC is on to a
waste wood for ethanol production. Second the chemical potential of food supply chain winner: The BDC has been established to assist
generation ethanol is fermented from glucose waste using green chemical technologies hundreds of regional businesses in creating
which is released from cellulose polymers in and use natures own functionalities to obtain long-term sustainable jobs founded in the bio-
these materials. However, these feedstocks sought-after properties in everyday products. based economy of the future.
also contain large quantities of hemi-cellulose. Researchers at the Universities of York,
The micro-organisms that are used to ferment Sao Paolo and Cordoba have joined forces to Maggie Smallwood (External Communications),
glucose can not metabolise the pentose establish the Orange Peel Exploitation Company Peter Hurst (Scientist), Mark Gronnow (Head
sugars found in hemi-cellulose. To exploit these (OPEC) - a zero waste biorefinery project that of Process Development Unit) work for the
scientists are already developing new micro- will use low temperature microwave technology Biorenewables Development Centre.
organisms optimised to grow on pentose sugar. to extract a range of compounds. Higher value Web: www.biorenewables.org
targets include d-limonene, which is a widely
FOOD WASTES used additive in domestic products, and This article is on-line.
Although many biowastes are mixed, the food mesoporous carbons that can be used as water Please visit www.waste-management-world.com
industry also produces a number of single purifiers as well as commodity chemicals such
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EXCLUSIVE MAN HYBRID COLLECTION & TRANSPORT
MAN
ABOUT
TOWN Direct from the development shop at the Benteler facility in The Netherlands, the
prototype MAN Metropolis hybrid 6x2 chassis emerges into daylight for the first time
B
Truck and bus efore we start, I should explain We also need to observe that while truck
that the history of automotive manufacturers, environmental campaigners and
manufacturer, MAN has engineering is littered with concept yes, even technical journalists, are keen to talk
a global reputation. The vehicles that never made it into about new environmentally friendly products
company has a good production. There have also been those that (like hybrids), designed to save our planet, the
deserved to succeed, only to be killed-off by reality is likely to be something different. While a
market share in most corporate politics, a change in regulations, or true zero emission refuse collection truck might
sectors of the truck market even something completely unexpected, like a be technically possible - it isnt at present as the
melt-down of the global financial system. true environmental costs of battery production
- with the exception of On the other hand, there are also designs are usually ignored. And while many so-called
waste and recycling, that made it without the benefit of any visionary hybrid solutions work fine, they nearly always
thinking whatsoever. I say this in order to illustrate fall short in some way.
perhaps. So when our that even in todays high-tech computer-driven Current diesel trucks are economical and
collection and transport age, the balance between success or failure can reliable to run, are light in weight (leaving plenty
still come down to something as intangible as of margin for payload) and even on tough
correspondent heard brand image, customer perception, or even the refuse collection operations, should be capable
about a new hybrid personalities tasked with seeing it through to of working hard in an urban environment for at
production. least eight years. Did I mention price? Whatever
concept vehicle specifically So how then shall we judge the new MAN environmental campaigners may say, everything
designed to meet Metropolis? We need to start by observing that has a price. And unless unfairly discriminating
several other truck manufacturers have already legislation skews the market, the benchmark
operational demands in an staked a claim in this highly specialised niche price for the worlds best zero-emissions
urban environment, he had including Volvo, Renault and Mercedes Benz - vehicle is always going to be a standard diesel
to be the first to take a look. manufacturers which, it could be argued, have truck. Sadly, every environmental solution Ive
a much higher profile in waste and recycling seen to date compares badly on all, or several
by Malcolm Bates than MAN. of those criteria.
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COLLECTION & TRANSPORT EXCLUSIVE MAN HYBRID
WORTH THE WAIT? unlikely to start for another six months at the answers the operational demands that we are
So, finally, welcome to the MAN Metropolis. earliest. My mission? To get in first and see all facing right now. In other words, it should be
My longer-than-average introduction helps if Metropolis is worth the wait. The project technically possible for a fleet of MAN Metropolis
illustrate that this truck has been a long- stands on three fundamental principals;- No refuse collection vehicles (RCVs) to be put into
time making - two years of planning and loss of payload (compared to a diesel chassis), service, just as soon as the MAN management
computer modelling by the technological wizz- ability to operate throughout the night thanks board signs it off for production. This project
kids at Benteler Engineering Services in the to significant noise reduction, and finally, to doesnt have to wait for new technology to be
Netherlands, working with the product planners achieve the maximum reduction in emissions, developed, diesel to become more expensive,
at MAN in Munich, in fact. If successful, the prize while being environmentally sustainable. We or future legislation banning diesel trucks from
for MAN could be massive - Metropolis could are claiming this is the first hybrid solution that downtown areas in order to become viable.
raise the profile of the brand in the waste and can actually carry more payload than a diesel
recycling sector in one mighty leap and bring truck and offer wider utilisation, suggests Patrick LESS IS MORE
with it increased sales of more conventional Op deBeecke, vice president global projects. More significantly, it doesnt ask the customer
diesel truck chassis as well. That is some claim. - you, the operator - to accept an operational
The prototype is scheduled to be officially After an hour-long presentation at the penalty in the shape of reduced payload due
unveiled at the IAA exhibition in Hanover in impressive Benteler facility in Helmond, Im fully to the extra weight of the hybrid transmission,
September, then shown in conjunction with briefed. The key requirement of the Metropolis or reduced operational shift availability due
contractor Suez (a potential first customer) at project has been to design a truck chassis for to the range of the battery packs. In fact the
Pollutec, Lyon, in November. Real life testing the urban environment that looks forward well Metropolis really can claim to be the first hybrid
is due to start in early 2013 and production is into the next decade - the 2020s - but also truck that offers significantly more payload - up
to 14 tonnes is available at a design weight of 26
tonnes GVW within a 6x2 rearsteer format - and
increased on station service levels thanks to
impressive noise level reductions, compared to
what youre currently using.
Offering more payload AND technology in
one truck sounds unlikely, but I can confirm, it
is true. Clearly such a claim would be negated
if the actual performance (that is acceleration,
tractability and braking) compared to a standard
diesel truck was reduced. I cant entirely confirm
how it drives in service at this point because
actual service trials - collecting waste - have
yet to take place. But from what I can judge by
pulling the prototype out of the experimental
shop, the Metropolis hybrid should perform as
well, if not better, than a 300/400hp diesel truck
with automatic transmission.
BE AMAZED
So youll be amazed when I tell you that the
power unit is the same V6 Turbo diesel engine
normally found in a standard Audi automobile,
then? I certainly was. How can such a small unit
(of just 3 litres) power a 26 tonne truck? The
answer is easily. Unlike some other hybrids, the
Metropolis uses a single internal combustion
engine - not two as some do, or none as with
battery electrics. But this isnt used to directly
drive the wheels. While a conventional truck
driveline is retained (a prop shaft and axle
differentials, rather than wheelmotors) the Audi
diesel simply generates power to boost charge
the three-part battery pack. It is the battery
packs - via a sophisticated management system
- that put the power into the electric motor that
powers the drivetrain and other automotive
systems. It is also electricity that powers the
compaction system, binlifters and indeed, all the
Cab interior - and of course exterior - is the same as standard diesel-fuelled
MAN TGS - only gearshift and other minor controls differ other functions that are normally powered by an
engine-driven PTO on a conventional RCV..
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Less waste.
Sometimes more is better than less. Like more payload, package of features that will give much more of some
efciency and uptime. But less can be really great too. and much less of some.
Less weight, less fuel consumption, less CO2-emissions, Or to give you some numbers, weight cut by up to
less standstills. We set out to nd the perfect combina- half a ton, operation time cut down to a third, fuel
tion of these mores and lesses. And we did. and emissions both cut by a third. All-in-all, the Hiab
The Hiab Multilift XR18S Pro Future is a superlight Multilift XR18S Pro Future offers less waste and
hooklift optimized for a three-axle truck with a unique outstanding operating efciency.
Cargotec improves the efciency of cargo ows on land and at sea wherever cargo is
on the move. Cargotecs daughter brands Hiab, Kalmar and MacGregor are recognised
leaders in cargo and load handling solutions around the world.
www.cargotec.com www.hiab.com
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in the same urban environment will almost

certainly be double shifted, running 16 or more
hours out of 24.
While the Metropolis hybrid is expected
to cost around 80% more than a conventional
MAN diesel RCV chassis due to the cost of the
battery packs, we are confident that our high
standards of quality will enable it to work a
double shift pattern every 24 hours, Patrick
Op deBeeck explains. Which, when fuel cost
savings and a significant reduction in brake and
driveline wear are taken into account, will make
Metropolis a financially viable option, he adds.
Remember, in contrast to a payload
reduction that comes with other hybrid systems,
there is an actual payload bonus with Metropolis
Look no engine! Under the cab sit three battery packs. A 3 litre Audi diesel is used to charge boost. (its 30 kg), but by also eliminating the hydraulics,
This, and electric drive motor, are located within chassis rails under a faun compaction body we can use intelligent electronic systems that
only use the power they actually need. This
reduces fuel consumption and emissions by
up to 60% compared to a diesel chassis, Patrick
suggests. But the real bonus is a reduction in
operational and drive-by noise levels. We are
getting levels as low as 65dBA, he adds. Yes,
Metropolis really is that quiet.
OPERATIONAL OPTIONS
As Klaus Feldmann, the project manager at
Benteler explains, the driving force behind
Metropolis has been to deliver more than a
conventional diesel truck, not less. Any hybrid
system is going to cost more initially, he
confirms bluntly, but honestly. The focus on this
project has been to develop a solution that is
quiet enough to make the collection of garbage
and recyclable materials throughout the night
in downtown areas viable (when there is less
Payload is greater than a diesel truck down to the weight saved by fitting a much smaller fuel tank.
traffic congestion), without residents objecting.
Audi diesel runs at constant low revs giving maximum torque, so only needs tiny 120 litre fuel tank!
Then go out again later the same day and work
another shift well into the evening. On that
The clever part? It looks just like any other MAN as power steering and cab tilt are electrically- basis, one Metropolis could do the work of at
diesel truck. The cab, most of the controls, the powered. Service brakes remain air via a least two comparable diesel trucks - more when
chassis and running gear are all the same as compressor - to help retain a drivability standard fitted with a demountable body system.
a TGS model truck. The key difference is that comparable to a conventional diesel truck - The adoption of what is in effect a diesel
under the floor of the tilt cab there is only the although a regen braking capability kicks-in generator means the Metropolis will not run
battery pack (3x35kW modules giving 105kW/ first. The level of retardation is adjustable to suit out of battery power. The diesel engine runs at
hr) and a cooling system to keep them at operating conditions, but unlike systems that constant revs during transit mode to and from
optimum working temperature, rather than a use supercaps or other accumulator systems, the collection zone. This is enough to allow the
big heavy diesel power unit. So where is the there is no need for sharp levels of braking on fitting of compact battery pack modules which
diesel engine? Amazingly, the 150kW V6 fits the collection round (route) in order to recharge allow for up to 15 km - around 4 hours of work
behind the cab under the compaction body the system for the next launch. In fact, it is the - in pure battery-only mode at any one time,
floor, together with the 203kW (283kW peak) quiet, gentle nature of the Metropolis that is with the diesel engine completely shut down,
Remy electric motor, within the chassis rails. at the heart of Patrick Op deBeecks claim of Klaus Feldmann explains. Thats working on a
There are no complex components or battery dramatically increased utilisation. mileage of around 150 km per 24 hours. When
packs located between cab and body - so a How so? Typically, a fleet of conventional not working, a simple plug-in cable is used to
longer wheelbase (or shorter body length) is diesel-fuelled RCVs with hydraulic compaction give a top-up charge.
not required. systems and binlifters will start work at 6 or 7 So what happens when the Metropolis
am and work a single shift of around forty hours reaches the downtown work zone? The driver
WHY HYDRAULICS HAD TO GO a week. In contrast, a typical line-haul truck/ has two options, Klaus explains. The diesel
There are no hydraulic systems on the trailer (costing much less to purchase) delivering engine is so quiet, that where zero exhaust
Metropolis - all the automotive functions such products to supermarkets or retail locations emissions is not a priority, it can remain running.
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CAT WASTE HANDLERS.

FOR THE WAY YOU WORK.
ALL DAY. EVERY DAY.
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RAISING THE BENCHMARK:
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To learn more about these machines and other interesting

deals please contact your local dealer through www.cat.com.
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corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.
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A bonus of the system is that looking to the

future - when diesel fuel is even more expensive
- it is possible for the battery management
system to advise the driver of how much range
is left towards the end of each shift. As it is likely
to be cheaper to recharge the depleted Kockum
nickel/manganese/cobalt batteries, than top up
the diesel fuel tank, the battery management
system allows the driver to drive back to base in
high range on battery power alone.
You have to admit it, that makes Metropolis
one clever truck!
WMW will soon be putting the MAN
Metropolis to the test in real life service
conditions. Although any brand of compaction
REL, sideloader, or hooklift body can be fitted
to production chassis, initial trial units feature a
22 m2 Faun Variopress compaction body with
This graphic shows the layoput of the various hybrid systems as used in the Metropolis hybrid truck chassis. Zoeller E-Rotary Z Delta electric binlifters.
Significantly most components are located well away from the dangers of everyday urban oprations Well bring you the story of how well
Metropolis works in a real urban environment
But working in downtown areas at night, or axle and prop shaft is used, it takes advantage in a future issue.
early in the morning, all the functions including of the constant torque of electric motor drive.
bin lifters can be used entirely in battery electric The Metropolis has a two-speed transmission, Malcolm Bates is Waste Management Worlds
mode, with the diesel engine shut down. If the in much the same way that a full hydrostatic collection and transport correspondent
batteries reach a critical level of discharge, the system might, Klaus Feldmann explains. Low e-mail: malcolm@automotivespecialists.co.uk
power unit will automatically cut-in, much as it range is primarily for use during the collection
does on a Prius hybrid car, he adds. process and is limited to 30 kph. High range has This article is on-line.
So how does the Metropolis drive to the tip been designed for transit mode to the worksite Please visit www.waste-management-world.com
site, or back to the depot? While a conventional at a normal truck-limited 89 kph. he adds.
__________
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MOBA COLLECTION & TRANSPORT
SEEKING NEW
MARKETS
NEXT GENERATION FLEET
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS GO GLOBAL
The development of new truck chassis

and compaction systems is one thing
- but what about fleet management
systems technology? What should you
be looking for? And how can you find
out about new developments that
could help your operation run more
efficiently? Volker Harms, president of
German-based Moba Mobile Automation
discusses the issues with WMW.
The Moba facility in Limburg includes R&D and installation shops, as
by Malcolm Bates
do Moba-owned daughter companies around the world
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COLLECTION & TRANSPORT MOBA
I
ts seldom possible these days to remains a family-owned business. But this And next year? We have recognised that for
have a conversation with anyone in is no family shop - last year Moba Mobile the South American economies to continue
manufacturing without the word China Automation installed products and systems develop more effectively, on-board weighing
cropping up. Once, it might have been valued at 55 million. Unlike many on-board and a whole range of systems that are designed
in the context of the location for a start-up weighing equipment, vehicle telematics and to help vehicle and plant operators to know
business, but more likely these days, a joint routing systems suppliers (of which there are their true costs - and indeed, even that their
facility to promote a local market. But sadly, the hundreds), Moba stands against trends to out- vehicles are working where they are supposed
word China is also increasingly discussed as source labour in order to cut costs. to be - have to be developed, Volker Harms
the source of fake products, those sold without German manufacturers are of course famous continues. While we do use a network of
meaningful after-sales support, or lack of legal for aiming high and taking the long-term view. dealers and installation agents in some national
redress in the context of violating copyright But its interesting to note that Volker Harms and markets, where possible, we try to provide our
or patents. The growth of the developing his management team have managed to build customers with a Moba-owned facility, staffed
economies also promotes fierce debate as to an organisation that today has a global reach, by Moba-trained people, to help ensure our
whether they are responsible for destabilising while at the same time, keeps a firm control products and services meet local operating
energy and commodity prices. on quality by traditional in-house production. conditions, he adds.
There are few places on the planet where While certain products and components have to Unlike several competitors, Moba has
the word China doesnt result in a strong be bought-in, the majority of finished products in-house installation facilities, giving greater
reaction. But the peaceful city of Limburg in are designed, manufactured and assembled by security and more consistent quality, when
Germany is one of those places. My mission the 430 staff based in Limburg. compared to using third party contractors. In
is to visit the HQ of one of Limburgs major I cant help but note that a few years other cases, Moba equipment and systems are
employers - Moba Mobile Automation. ago, this would be considered outdated, as designed for and supplied directly to the major
What sort of company is Moba? And what other established brands raced each other to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for
sort of automation are we talking about? Lets outsource and cut costs. Now, Moba is looked- installation on the production line. This activity
cover the product side first - in simple terms, we on enviously as being sensible. Earlier this year, is likely to increase, Volker suggests as a result of
are talking on-board weighing systems for refuse a brand new company-owned facility was changes in Type Approval legislation.
collection vehicles (RCVs) and other vehicles commissioned at Haddenham, near London If all this sounds ambitious, thats because
used in the waste industries. And advanced - even though a third party distributor would it is. But remember, Moba already has
vehicle telematics and routing systems. have been less of a financial risk in the price- considerable experience of the local conditions
As to discovering what kind of operation sensitive UK market. in many different global markets as a result of
Moba is? Ive come to Limburg to meet up with Last month, the Moba operation in Atlanta, working with some the major manufacturers of
Moba group president, Volker Harms in order Georgia, started to roll-out products and construction plant and equipment. Brands such
to find out. services to the waste and recycling industry as JCB and Caterpillar use Moba as a supply
in the U.S. Moba began American operations partner for overload warning systems as well as
AIMING HIGH back in 1999 by establishing the brand in the bucket and load weighing. Different industries
The Moba organisation was started forty construction and quarrying sectors. Today, the have different requirements of course, but as
years ago by Volkers father to produce grade new waste division is headed by rising star Volker Harms confirms with a smile, the same
and slop control in construction equipment, Christoph Podes. Were positive we can help industries in different parts of the world, often
weighing systems for feed mixer wagons and U.S. waste contractors run more efficiently as have significantly different needs.
crane overload systems. And even today, it well as reduce operating costs, he explained.
PARTNERS - NOT BARGAINS
Thats why weve taken our time in getting
established in the USA, adds Volker. While many
of the compaction bodies and front end loaders
used in the U.S. are broadly similar to those
used in other sophisticated markets in Europe,
truck chassis, differing methods of operation
can pose all sorts of issues. Thats why Id urge
communes or commercial waste contractors
looking to upgrade their systems not to think
of on-board weighing, telematics, routing, or
safety equipment (Moba is also a supplier of
safety overload systems for hydraulic platform
cherry pickers) as something you just buy in a
box and screw onto a truck, he adds. A special
bin weighing unit for U.S. based front end
loaders and a new six-load cell overload system
especially designed for U.S. trucks has been
recently developed to overcome these issues.
The problem I have with writing about
For security and cleanliness, outsiders - especially journalists! - are not allowed in the assembly or R&D areas. on-board weighing equipment, telematics
But by maintaining an installation facility, systems can be fitted in controlled conditions
and routing systems for refuse collection
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www.plsoft.co.uk
FOR SMOOTH
OPERATORS THE
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is always on hand should you need it. details are collected electronically and
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COLLECTION & TRANSPORT MOBA
vehicles (RCVs), bulk waste trucks and hydraulic GOING UNDERGROUND? generations of diesel/electric Hybrid RCVs
machinery such as artic wheeled loaders and And what about meeting the changing needs might be expected to work two full shifts
telehandlers, its that I rarely get to see either the of our industry? We are looking very closely every 24 hours, instead of just one, its worth
product or system, let alone be told about the at technical developments relating to vehicles noting he is confident that Moba product
benefits by the OEM - the maker of the product and equipment used in the waste and recycling quality will stand such a demanding pace.
on which Moba equipment is fitted or installed. sectors, he explains. The growth in the use of Raising the profile of the brand when
I explain to Volker Harms that the end-user (his demountable side-loading vehicles and units youre making something as un-sexy as a
customer) often has the very same problem. He designed to handle underground containers are loadcell or electronic black box, is a tougher
smiles and suggests that compared to building good examples. The operator will still want full issue to crack. But its quite clear that in order
brand recognition as a key supplier in this Weights and Measures-approved bin weighing to be successful Moba (or indeed any other
fiercely competitive sector, my problems are as units, but the collection body itself is likely to component supplier) has to convince you,
of nothing, compared to his! Hes right of course. be hooklift demountable. Weve been working the end user, to specify such equipment by
So where is Moba heading next? Rather with leading sideloader manufacturers such as name, rather than leave it to the truck chassis,
than using the new, growing economies as TransLift to ensure that all the information an or body manufacturer - or dealer - to supply it
a source of cheap labour to supply world operator of rear end loaders expects, is also on a price-lead basis.
markets, Moba is already well-established available on a sideloader, he explains. How you make that choice will determine
in the construction sectors in both China Moba also works with other key leading the pace of development in the waste and
and India (supplying those local domestic suppliers such as Heil, Faun and Zoeller and recycling industry over the next decade. As a
markets), is expanding from construction is looking to forge further alliances with journalist, its my job to be impartial. But I cant
into waste and recycling in North America vehicle body manufacturers and suppliers. help thinking the cheapest option isnt likely
and is currently looking to develop in South There have been some major successes for to be the best.
America. And the Pacific Rim? While this region Moba in France, Italy and Spain - where, for
offers considerable operational contrasts - not example, recently a delivered fleet of 320 RCVs Malcolm Bates is Waste Management
to mention logistical issues in the context for Barcelona was Moba-equipped. Because Worlds collection and transport
of service back-up - yes, Volker Harms is we have control over our own R&D and correspondent
also interested in forming some strategic production processes, I would like to think e-mail: malcolm@automotivespecialists.co.uk
partnerships in the Southern Hemisphere as that Moba is in a stronger position to react
well. That is of course in addition to continuing to changing operational needs, compared This article is on-line.
to build greater market share in Europe and the to our competitors, Volka Harms concludes. Please visit www.waste-management-world.com
former Eastern Bloc states. Considering he is fully aware that new
Upcoming ICM Events www.icm.ch

IARC IERC WRF
2013 2013 2012
Electronics Recycling Asia

November 13 16, 2012, Guangzhou, China
Conference, exhibition and plant tours
organized by World Recycling Forum
12 th International Electronics
Recycling Congress IERC 2013
January 16 18, 2013
Salzburg, Austria
13 th International Automobile
Recycling Congress IARC 2013
March 13 15, 2013
Brussels, Belgium
ICM AG, Schwaderhof 7, 5708 Birrwil, Switzerland, www.icm.ch, info@icm.ch, +41 62 785 10 00
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management world
For more information, enter 35 at __________
WMW.hotims.com THE WORLDS NEWSSTAND
______________________
_________ ____________
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PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLDWIDE
ISWA
INFORMATION
VISIT WWW.ISWA.ORG
__________________ FOR MORE INFORMATION
ISWA GENERAL ASSEMBLY 2012
On 16 September 2012 the ISWA General Assembly MEMBERS OF THE BOARD IN 2012/2013
was held at Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy a David Newman, Italy, President
truly impressive venue. More than 80 ISWA Members Helmut Stadler, Austria, Vice President
were present, among them 47 National Member Hkan Rylander, Sweden, Treasurer
Representatives. The latter made some future-oriented Antonis Mavropoulos, Greece, STC Chair
decisions, elected a new President, a new Vice-President, Bettina Kamuk, Denmark, National Member Representative
a new Treasurer and 3 new Board Members. John Skinner, USA, National Member Representative
Past President Jeff Cooper has been unanimously Edmund Fleck, Germany, Organisation Member Representative
designated as an Honorary Member by the General Petri Kuovo, Finland, Organisation Member Representative
Assembly in recognition of his special services to ISWA. Goran Vujic, Serbia, Regional Development Network Representative
On the right is the newly constituted ISWA Board: Amiya Kumar Sahu, India, Regional Development Network Representative
Carlos Silva Filho, Brazil, Regional Development Network Representative
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ISWA
WORLD CONGRESS 2012
The ISWA World Congress 2012 took place from 17 to 19 September in
Florence, Italy, and was, according to the very positive feedback of the
delegates, a great success.
Almost 1,300 delegates from 65 countries attended the event,
which is a new record participation for the ISWA World Congress.
The participants were offered a lot during these 3 congress days: 240
speeches in 49 sessions, 180 poster presentations, an atmospheric
welcome reception in the beautiful garden of the congress centre, an
exceptional gala dinner with Tuscan specialities and a fantastic band
which made people shake legs until late night.
One could really feel that a spirit of community and mutual
inspiration developed in the course of the congress was one out
of the many positive comments given at the end of the event. The
presentations held at the Congress and more photos are available on
www.iswa.org.
ISWA CALENDAR
2012 2013
SEPTEMBER JANUARY
24-28 ISWA Study Tour Waste-to-Energy 2012 28 STC Meeting
Vienna, Austria Vienna, Austria
jschoenherr@iswa.org rwilliams@iswa.org
OCTOBER 29 Board Meeting

4-5 Working Group Meeting on Legal Issues Vienna, Austria
Vienna, Austria hkoller@iswa.org
ghabenicht@iswa.org
MAY
25-26 Working Group Meeting on Energy Recovery 16-18 ISWA Beacon Conference
Bern, Switzerland The 2nd International Conference on
aholzschuster@iswa.org Final Sinks - Sinks a Vital Element of
Modern Waste Management
29-30 12th International Symposium on Waste Management Zagreb Espoo, Finland
Zagreb, Croatia jukka.heiskanen@aalto.fi
hugo@hugo.com.hri
OCTOBER
17-19 Working Group Meeting on Landfill 5 STC Meeting
Lisbon, Portugal Vienna, Austria
rwilliams@iswa.org rwilliams@iswa.org
NOVEMBER 5 Board Meeting

8-9 Working Group Meeting on Recycling and Waste Minimisation Vienna, Austria
Porto, Portugal hkoller@iswa.org
ghabenicht@iswa.org
7-11 ISWA World Congress 2013
14-16 ISWA Hazardous Waste Seminar & Workshop Vienna, Austria
Buenos Aires, Argentina iswa@iswa.org
rwilliams@iswa.org
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DIARY
DIARY OF
EVENTS
ISWA ANNUAL CONGRESS 2012 ECOMONDO FIRST INTERNATIONAL GULF ENVIRONMENT FORUM
Florence, Italy Rimini, Italy ENVIRONMENT CONFERENCE Riydah, Saudi Arabia
1720 October 2012 7-10 November 2012 Yanbu, Saudi Arabia 14-16 April 2013
T: +43 1 253 6001 T: +39 541/744 456 20-21 November 2012 W: www.gulfenvironmentforum.com
E: iswa@iswa.org W: www.ecomondo.com W: www.intl-enviro-ksa.com
W: www.iswa.org
WASTE-TECH 2013
ELECTRONICS RECYCLING ASIA POLLUTEC HORIZONS Moscow, Russia
WASTE-TO-ENERGY RESEARCH Guangzhou, China Lyon, France 28-31 May 2013
AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL 13-16 November 2012 27-30 November 2012 T: +7 (495) 225 5986
CONFERENCE 2012 T: +41 62 785 10 00 T: +33 (0) 1 47 56 21 12 E: waste-tech@sibico.com
Columbia University, New York E: info@icm.ch E: ristiana.rabusin@reedexpo.fr W: www.waste-tech.ru
18-19 October 2012 W: www.icm.ch W: www.pollutec.com
W: www.wtert.org
SWMT (SOLID WASTE
CONGRESS ENVICON 12TH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY)
BIR AUTUMN CONVENTION Poznan, Poland ELECTRONICS RECYCLING BRAZIL
Barcelona, Spain 19-20 November 2012 CONGRESS Sau Paulo, Brazil
29-30 October 2012 T: +48 61 655 81 00 Salzburg, Austria 03-04 June 2013
T: +32 2 627 57 70 E: m.dera@abrys.pl 16-18 January 2013 W: www.greenworldconferences.com
E: bir@bir.org W: www.envicon.abrys.pl T: +41 62 785 10 00
W: www.bir.org E: info@icm.ch
W: www.icm.ch
ADVERTISERS INDEX ADVERTISING

For information on advertising,
AD INDEX NAME PAGE Please contact:
ARJES GMBH ..................... .................................................................. 29 JCB SALES LTD .............................................................................10-11 Terry Ash
AUT ANLAGEN-UND KOMPTECH GMBH ..............................................................................4 International
E: terrya@pennwell.com
UMWELTTECHNOLOGIE GMBH ................................................ 15 LINDNER RECYCLINGTECH .......................................................... 27 T: +44 1992 656600
BABCOCK & WILCOX VOLUND ..................................................BC MACPRESSE EUROPA SRL............................................................. 37 F: +44 1992 656700
BEST........................................ .................................................................. 30 MASIAS RECYCLING S L............................................................... IBC Roy Morris
BME GLOBAL LTD - INTERNATIONAL METSO LINDEMANN GMBH....................................................... 17 International
ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE ................................................3 NIHOT RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY B.V. ................................. 21 E: rmorris@pennwell.com
T: +44 (0) 1992 656613
BMH TECHNOLOGY OY ....................................................................1 ORKEL COMPACTION AS .............................................................. 40 F: +44 1992 656700
BOLLEGRAAF RECYCLING MACHINERY............................... 12 P&L SOFTWARE SYSTEMS LIMITED ........................................ 51
Dottie LaFerney
CARGOTEC SWEDEN AB ............................................................... 45 PRESONA AB ........................................................................................ 16 Regional Manager, Southeast
CATERPILLAR S.A.R.L. ....................................................................... 47 PTF HAEUSSER GMBH. .....................................................................9 E: dottiel@pennwell.com
T: (512) 858-7927
DOPPSTADT CALBE GMBH.........................................................IFC RIMINI FIERA - ECOMONDO 2012........................................... 53 F: (512) 858-1910
ECO-STAR ............................................................................................... 33 SATRIND S.P.A. ..................................................................................... 18
ELDAN RECYCLING AS .................................................................. 26 SIBICO INTERNATIONAL LTD - WASTETECH 2013.......... 42 Craig Wiggins
Regional Manager, East
FLIR COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS B/V............................................ 48 STEINERT ELEKTROMAGNETBAU GMBH............................. 36 E: craigw@pennwell.com
GICOM BV .............................................................................................. 41 TANA OY ................................................................................................. 25 T: (610) 430-8181
F: (610) 430-0910
HAMMEL RECYCLINGTECHNIK GMBH ................................. 34 TOMRA SORTING GMBH............................................................... 19
HSM GMBH & CO KG.... .................................................................. 22 UMICORE PRECIOUS METALS.................................................... 20 Amy Bailie
Regional Manager, Central/West
ICM AG .................................................................................................... 52 UNTHA SHREDDING TECHNOLOGY GMBH ...................... 31 E: amyb@pennwell.com
ISWA WORLD CONGRESS VIENNA 2013.................................6 VECOPLAN AG .................................................................................... 23 T: (918) 832-9241
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For more information, enter 15 at WMW.hotims.com

22 WASTE MANAGEMENT WORLD SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2012

PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY RECYCLINGFOCUS