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4 Numerical Procedure
Analysis of bending process is based on consideration of
the plane strain condition. The finite-element computer code
MARC was used to simulate strain distribution across the
sheet thickness and springback coefficient calculation. Be-
cause of the symmetry of plate, only one half portion of the
tools and workpiece was modelled. An automatic mesh
program was applied in this work to generate the finite- Fig. 5 Springback characteristics of (a) AW5754 aluminium
element mesh grid, which is a bilinear quadrilateral element alloy, (b) 80-20 brass and (c) DQ steel sheet
with the selective reduced integration, efficient for sheet Obr. 5 Charakteristika odpruenia (a) AW5754 hlinkovej
metal forming. A modified Coulombs friction law was em- zliatiny, (b) 80-20 mosadze a (c) DQ oceovho plechu
36
Fig. 4 shows the sheet deformation geometry and strain Dr in. Wiesaw Frcz,
distribution across sheet thickness at a particular stage of V- tel.: + 48 17 8651714, e-mail: wf@prz.edu.pl
die bending process. From this presentation (Fig. 4a) it is Prof. dr hab. in. Feliks Stachowicz,
visible that in the punch-sheet contact region the neutral tel.: + 48 17 8651538, e-mail: stafel@prz.edu.pl
plane (zero strain plane) is moved to punch surface, what Department of Materials Forming and Processing,
could be treated as a result of friction. The geometry of spe- WBMiL Politechnika Rzeszowska,
cimen at loading and after unloading (Fig. 4b) demonstrate ul. W. Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszw
springback phenomenon.
Two different strain hardening modes have been used
for the calculation of the springback coefficient: the mean
values of strain hardening coefficient, C, and strain harde-
ning exponent, n, and the differential strain hardening para-
meters Ct and nt. Fig. 5 shows the springback character- References
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and results of finite-element simulation using mean (K_- Company, New York 1985.
mean) as well as differential (K_t) strain hardening para- [2]. Y-M. Huang, D-W. Leu, Effects of process variables
meters. The best agreement between experimental results on V-die bending process of steel sheet, Int. J. Mech.
and calculations using both, mean and instantaneous strain Sci., 40 (1998) 631.
hardening parameters was obtained in the case of AW5754 [3]. H.B. Mullan, Improved prediction of springback on
aluminium alloy sheet (Fig. 5a). When the 63-37 brass and final formed components, J. Mat. Proc. Technol., 153-
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hardening parameters resulted in better V-die bending simu- [4]. Z. Tan, C. Magnuson, B. Persson, Plastic bending of
lation (Fig. 5b and Fig. 5c). Simulation of V-die bending anisotropic sheet metal, Proc. IDDRG Congress, Lis-
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both the V-die air bending, flanging and stretch-bending Alberti, Springback evaluation in fully 3-D sheet metal
tests have shown, that the value of spring-back coefficient is forming processes, Annals of CIRP, 46 (1997) 167.
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exponent. Significant anisotropy in the sheet materials led J. Mat. Proc. Technol., 60 (1996) 19.
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An attempt, based on the experiment and the simulation, metal forming processes, J. Mat. Proc. Technol., 148
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parameters of sheet metal.
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