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    Al-Ghazali S Incoherence of The Philoso PDF

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    THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY ated by KHALED EL-ROUAYHEB and SABINE SCHMIDTKE OXFORD aor gxronp ee eerie eset rene in Resin rc nite Seat de shag et Cerny Ao ‘Soret sede Fre so pete an yae ‘ae thea budook ao ng ey ae ue ad ie te a eaten eagerness) ite ste DOC) etal gacoas rity ite chan ConTENTS Contrbators Introduction Kata Bt-Rovanien avn Sanne Scare 1. The Theology Atebuted to Aristotle Sources, Structure Inaence CCuisrina DANconA, 2. The Rise of Fas AL-Kindl (73), On Fist Philosophy Biota Gasoeaot 2 Abu Baral Raat (@ 9), The Spiritual Meine tex ADAation 4, Th Masazr (9) Third Book SARAH SeROUMBA 5. ALLFuabis (4950) Ox de One and Onenees Some Preliminary Remarks on ts Structure, Contents, and Theological implications Dance Jas oly “Adi (974) Kit Tad a-aiag Sips H Gaus 7% Ton Sind (4, 428/ 2037), Metaphysics ofthe Shia? ‘Awos BexroLacct 8, Reconcling Religion and Philosophy: Nigiri Khsraw’ (1088) Tii‘al- bona [Kats Axoast 9, AL-Ghazlis(@.nm) coherence ofthe Philosophers Peano Gaus, 6 & as » to, Imi'ite Critique oftbn Sins Al-Sharastnts (2s) Wrestling ‘Match with the Philosophers ‘Peas GRIFF, sa, Tha Taps (4.85) Hay ibn Yager “Tacs Kuxxones 1 Sabra (2.193) Ftimaton ofthe Tablet and the Throne: The ‘Relationship ofillmnaionism andthe Peripatetic Philosophy Joms Watsaipor 13, Averoes (198), The Deve Tete (Caranoxa Beto 14. ALRini (1210) Commentary on Avicenna’ Pointers The Confluence of Exegesis and Aportcs AxMtaN SHIBADEE 1s. Nasira-Din al- Ts (279), Shark ab hare ow MoGows 16, Kab (277), Tahinl (.3965) and the Shamsyya ‘Tony Sraner sn, AlMawigiff ‘hm a kali by "Add al-Din al (1955), and Is (Commentaries ‘Arsoo8 DHANAN! 18, tbo Abi umbaral- Abs (after 491) and his Kitt Mul Sr at atmun Sanove Scrseres 19, allal-Dinsl-Dawant (4 go8/soa), losses on Al’ al-Dinal iis Commentary on Nasr al-Din al-TsisTajrid aight [Reza PouRAvaDY a0, Miriam’ (161) al Qabasd The Problem ofthe Beenty ofthe Cosmos Saad H.Rizvr 2. Sade al-Din al Shirts (2.165) Divine Witnesses (Chetts Bowowannincs 22, The Silla alm of (2707) Mab Allah a- Bis Asap Q Ans 23 5 m8 3s us 7 45 23, Ahmad al-Mallawi (41767 Commentaryon the Vrsfication a the Indie Implication of HypotticalPropostions KuaieD EL-Rowsrnze 24, FagliHlagg Khayribid (€86),a-Hadyya asada ‘AsaoQ. Annee ax Jox MeGrs 25. Hai Mulla Had Sabzawar (878), Gurl ford arent Fan 26: eda Beh (xo) Kei iba re ert Printers nce on of Pars) asm Momanote 2, Mobanad gb 93): Te Reconstruction Rego ‘Thou am ” Mostasn Min 25. Muhammad Baia Sa(.979)on he Logi Foundations ofindcton Save Acne 25. ‘Allima Tabtabi' (498). Naya ina STAD H.izvt AND Alta Bae so. ZAKIN Mana (4.199), Naa Flin (Tova Sct iso) Muatasian ts Kaan Inedexof Personal Names Index of Terms w 509 3 60 67 69 695 9 Munsee A. 200 “Te utd Wd Vion oN an” See 9-20 anterer Ay ed ant Pers of PT Placa! Poy of Me! Khoon, ‘Now Tri in alton nt of al Sa. wee Nig (Bon of Ta 2. Nad Kran “Book of reas Wh isu Ries (xpos of la: Nii Khaw rrp of "tind Decne El nda. Maa endo 3 Trin pec stat ‘fen Seen iste Nic Cin) 201, ion Ron and Retin: Tin Wi ase "ane H Orme Nowe 8 Tr naostn th lateatma Se ace Nie Re) 940 Kn ho, Bay a Kab Cals Mat rie Nie (ba) 9p Keo and bean: A Tate o Pipa "hg E ate Mo. London 18, urna wh no orig Ns (Shap) 94. Se Cheer o Sh Fe Ean ran. Wao, "esd: allt ue cy ura, Nig (Zp Zadar Bh al Raa, Blin ‘Chip Sav Ne Loh an Pip fom Org ot Pt Du ae eyo Marat sn Te Taf le A Soca of Gnd Ron me Tog ‘Albany Ste Unt oN Yk rs. ino Compe Wrk | Cope sD S Hua. nani achat ism aon "oop Ste In The Ry Carn as apy, SLR Talend Lper Ft Nook Rtgs pn ‘i At ga a (Weir sp The Wali Wo A Su of Aa Yb Sit Kaa ni cn Cope Bah Taation wi Conary ndNneon th Ab Tr rneB Wlar Sa Lake lye ah Pres, CHAPTER 9 AL-GHAZALI’S (D. 1111) INCOHERENCE OF THE PHILOSOPHERS PRANK GRIFPEL “Tux satonhip sewn the movement of Geck sn most Ariotaian and Neopian psopy in Arable ff) andthe dierent trends fami theology (ism) ra complex one tha cannotbe en decribed Sncethe giant off Inthe tlh centr pilosphicl ier were eggnog hth. leplans een fw olen Hae ite diet evidence or exchanges betwee hese os {A Kind (0/6) instance, shows aan intrest in ali othe exten hat Thee atlink between stata and biteaching Adamson 200 54044) Inthe ‘uctome Bagh Perptetesweveelence of dretexchanges ke te ous Adan 698 twee the sop: Abi ihe Mats Yn (238940) nd the ramarian AbO Se aS (387), who masta Mt alm, fon the mers of studying lose Eades 1986) or Tub Zor (398008) eter contemporary Mista (Sarr 3000) Aba Bake Zakari a Rist (uo) wat gaged na dret exchange wl Mates of hs tine on qbestion of reaps {sand comolgy (Rathod 3000) AIF (3950-2) was wel var of ale teachings on the acu rinse, ad sponded them (Daber 9). Some ct ‘iephilwopieaconcers is theone on karen fe wil recurs sil ones lb tet (Geil 00 9) nthe cas off Sia (Avicenna 2807). see ow hae alae pala ses that daca! the coe tray betwen Bland eye, Wino 200) ‘Simon these fala we ce Mie well ely Abas dase deft acing fh lf They appear under varius ele scmetines soc ed wihthemorementof fal omctines pressed tachigs ogroupetha bar ‘er ames Th Aa atria Bigg (goon) foristance dsuses nd rbseguyeftsAristtlantxchigs hl y people whom he Wentes at “thse who belt innate (aha labo al gin a Tic -€6. Al, 192 mRANKconies sn nother book cote to th eft of tl Shits but unforastey s glial nce chapter on people eal day, alsa dls (rel oso. t78¢), Orel bomen hee el stags Fhe interplay Betws aba oa alae nt wl eter a he case fon Si forte tice ‘ow mich be ok fom Main thelogiss—mosty Mita such asi caste Portal Qt Ab a obir (sons) or Aba Husa Bag (hogs) End tow much Nalin teloghns before Ghazal ook frm Avice The inter woe mosy Ala suc aa Ghose a Jovayat (4708), bt alo “Pecve shes with Bata lenng such a5 Sharif a Marta (9040), ‘io dcasesTbn Sargent in ib works Ra 7-53 Polarac conta beeen the overeat of flfa and Mutant 26 wl as Aue alam my therefore ote adegst even forthe pid bee a-Ghasal ‘ithe our sh contrat aren longer cee. With l-Ghxs theeoae ental ihe enters ne phe hat very diferent rom hone bere ‘ne paral ideo these wks gga egageent with achat alam tis equal ery erent fom wha happened before a Ghz (Grifel20)- ‘Dung the ahcercath etary te plop atm of hn Sin became the nome poten lenge fo the aris telogia shoo of tht bad developed nectar Coping withthe views on Sins ad ifalowers was 30g proce ht cntoned format centres A lgnlcat pat of tele Heratare [vii ny posta pend ake te fleet centary was devoted to i ‘ming the mes and the er ofthe Aicennan ste. on Sak ound defenders ‘Shone Mli thelglans ar el rls Leaaingthe stem f the pilose? {eas wordt creo mean th Sik and hisfollowers—waspst slot (ipaianced madras does yp ool the heethnetenth century Whats ‘nor it from the beining of he discussion boa bn Sn rong Ml he Tiga nse tha sme of is escngs ad ery slgnienrtinfence ver 0 ‘Chae signe ected hs pret Seon of thought and who sued agit Attn Sods explanation of prophecy, dition, and the quicker ing of se ‘humans compared io thers for inaance, were soon adapted by Msi heologian. Ths adap and aight changed frm hy ad an enormous inoence an how uti thooght about prophecy ad the upetior insights of a sits (enya) or ‘onthe Site lnams (Ge 230) "fi capter looks es ri age nthe ety engagement of Masi teslogas th be Avceaan ten hat gan wh Cha (son. AL-Gha was the [nt Malm hsopen we now who exp engage with he Avicennan pile opie system by dang exesvly and ying efi some of leet. “AE Ge yas born round 76a Tabarin.atown nthe sito Posi orth Neseraran clove othe moter cy fd He re spin por iy. hth Thome scart and maybe een So background atone mowed t thet [Real center af Napa where he became a tent of Javay te most po ‘So Ait teacher hist, Te soa of AG te thecogy had wy WD outofthe teachings ofuseponynal Ah (-s43) wh are otas aMule mia btw then ran the more pis eachngs of Baghdad cide ‘hat fled Aled Hara (285), Subsequent be developed lan aru mento defend ome of tee script aching aguas the Mate dette. ‘Enlai ich emai elegant school unt was pasted {nthe ety h/deventh etary the nian merchant of Nap baa tered by fs usge of Mi tule argentine technique anda Mute ety. hea the same ine defending the aching group ht elconsoulet ‘das "Suns thts filler ofthe wna ofthe Propet Maan, ewng is ‘ttlonoa walla hi viowsan teachings they reece inthe corporat “AL-Ghusal war th most taleated Sunn teloian of Me generation. This was schooledged wenn hop the vir ofthe Grand Sl pre, Nii Mik, (a. aslon) ppd bm othe poston ofhea teacher atthe Bagh Nami Inada Al Ghats sin biatbgrapy The Dlr orl argh i a aa Daler, 7 £) tht he alo Deame a een reader of Su tee The Tigh moral andards be oud tn deh coterie lox radon tothe tutte ofthe Grind Seog mp Ti proces et os ght rom Baghdad nh badonsnent ois polo the ate ponrored Nima meadras In q58 {09s bebepn wo ya peti of treat endear shometowo Tabu, where Feeted and at teal ply nde mara ad where hematin’ Sul lodge (hing) Hs newsund devon to a selti estletat was i ced Sf notions wll asan Actin vite eth Sunds expresio nis Rovio! of elo Snel de maome work hate wrote oon ser his depute rm Baghdad, Ltr ni np, saa etal {oweaching at ate sponsored teaching ination nd tok the postion ofthe bead fencer tthe Ngan Nap At holt, bee, a-ha ‘Sead broken wth he Seg state sittin and tel ar tate ed hat posal begrudgngy and under sverepesre (Dever 90-2). een sesm, {Rhleradassad bingo in Tari Fs (Griflao9. 1-59) “ALGhas cary elton off cal wo eos. le ter adaation fplosophie ies promed much cic, and hirade hi dow whatever ‘iy tration there ry avebeen tovardthe teachings Tb Sink and ote fas “There ar howe als sateen ls work tht might be read a msi that eed the books of i Sin eal in ise aye under the deton of Jaya and atthe sited hm ight from the sar (if 200, 0, Moers ‘chore ogge that thee war a period ia al haz nly cre when he was hi tc flower of Iba Sis. 0, bl semingy nesta report ba Sn teachings “he Dons of th Pooper (Mais a lf), ny ore rm tha period and ‘slater eat an trod fr Bi stadt tht woud prepare tem aly Singers al. Ghai rfstaton of bn Sit (asses 200). The Darin of the Phir an Arb septton, thro rent at tines, of nef Th Sas Pasantexbockofloi the str aencs andthe Book of role s94_reaweonsr ‘for Ma Davia (Dinesh ‘la. Teri bower no clear poo th ‘Gani went hroughauch an frien perio ean care Nether iso her aris enees meno alhooph he ter ops hat a-Ghazl aie ‘tae tea be bad fly seed he goo scence also poss tht = ‘Ghar composed The Dotnet Pups aes ition of ‘na, cnn ele ht stant Redes more trough preparation than ‘nthe ad writen bees. The Dacre Posopersbecase very ses Tentbookin ewe ight parties ins Hebre and Latin ranlitons a. Ghasa, apysesond Lagi et phspha Lobes Sesh 95 1298-328) “Tec iw tht al Ghali compote bls Dace othe Phiosprs inthe time pelo immediate before wring hisIchornc of the Philosophers Taft sla) view thi based ou his vn comments i his ancbigriphy— {snow fray dissed. A-Ghazil autobiography is highly apologetic wrk, terten i oot o shorty afer In response to atacks—fom bot rend nd [Besfor taking up the teaching poston athe Nimiya madraa in Nap. Here a harat res fo couse the impresion thet bel oo deep inuened by phlosophiea! erate. Hirpresenutin tat he staid if fortwo years hl teaching othe Ngai madras in Baghdad /i091-q0gs and tat Tonge shed yeu to wt he efutatlon not edible Gara, Deere, 6) his more tly tht al Gh oceapaion with Ta Sins philosophy Des tuck eer hse and tha workedon hie reponse fryers and maybe eve Aecades Hisopointmest tothe very prominent techig postion tthe Ngkiyys te Baghdad may be one ofthe rule of he aden of faa ther than the Begin sig of (Gre 2009, 10-26) ‘Go ofthe manus a has clench Pash mentions tht ‘stock sie in Mahacrar 88 /Jnaary 195. At hte e-Ghaal wata fight respeced che atthe Asa Nig zadvasn He asco oth othe Cp cout in Baghdad and tht ofthe Seg stan in han, Apart om Fw ‘Soe books in legal thor aaterbook on late alana. Ghaal ai, thst al. Charis fit moor work tha ep onthe Book markt. Together ith tracon ae he publ a mer ofboks on lope and epistemology (Gh ‘jar and ial) ale preparations fr adyng the incherece, bt abo pro dhced can a Gh ibe estab th ey ofphilanop lopat Mim ‘dra prota wall poeta besaccesl “Tere war one the imprestion aon enoern cede tht a-ha changed sone of his aching ae bight fr Baghdad ler nthe ya be publi the “peaeroce- Ta thee pon omeves Richard ML Eran arged th there was. 0 tube theoricel development or ection ia al. Ghuaals thelial and pio ‘ope hough beeen is east wore apie at (Pratpo4, 879) deen the rcheene a-ha lay down he Fosphl foundations of much of what he Inrxpreesin istholopeal works, Sooner he coher haz pub second major book of wftston. Tis was dete guint the en Stes and hasthelong thle The Seal ofthe str an the Vref he Party of tC) alah (Fatal Biya wat fafa a Mistzhya) The two Doksprsae Sic goles they bos enblsh in alo arpumet tthe flit tel a the nae cneaine sponte aun) fom iam who canbe led iT iey pal tach or popup ther postions. The canal ofthe ster al Inport since si tis bok that al Gu addees the fs eacngr aboot the wthoryof elton the pt funcon of rope (a-Ghzl Fo fh, say 4 pul wanted in a Gh Dlr, 238 Gril 200029257) sbjct let ntocke in i cere Comparing hese to books, howere revel hat the Icoeene eat nce though wrk than he Scandal of he str, th teers sie The el condemn fhe asf ata book tae nly 2 ‘Nagle ag and eappens mow asanaerhoogt na bighlypulosopieal engage tenth th teachings oS 9a. THE OVERALL STRATEGY OF THE INCOHERENCE OF THE PHILOSOPHERS Scholars pit out tht the word “acheter ot an accuse tranaaton of the “Arabica nd des ao elec the gravity ofthe acetone apis the ‘fn Clg 200, 101). The Arb erm dencbes the lsopet Jumping ‘nota nil andl conceal ape “Trecptino” mightbes more secure anton nthe sense at he book desc theory contruction of pilonphieeioethatcanot at AL-Ghas ely "houghtetheneeron a eft (rad) The vel goa the books show ‘hat he las ci of big she to prove ther aching hough demenstrave Mims nfoundedand no mortise deusion. “A Ghalib Ms coherence f fe Phsvpher witha peie and wid four fuentntodutons Here ier wt prompted the wring fhe boakand what be wie to csp In the pefice he erribes i annoyance wih group of Matin who thik they ae rer and noe alge thn the ree and wo thee fecal they reno bound to petform els des such praying Tes People {lm hl hey flow the tenchng of the alent peepee Socrates, Hipocraes, Pato Ast and this whom hy regard as mses fal ences. Tis reup ‘of Malay shout these ances plonphersht oncurtet wth he wif tie intl! sod the bandane of he mes {rth nla eed lean roe coleslos and te ton of thet ofthe lg faiths they re coined a he liga Lr arecompoved [by humans and ha hy ar enbelsed tks, (aha, ‘iba “This “group” (ef) however, sot the pilosophers themselves a a-Ghazi clare or a least nt thet esd aod leaders Later on he wl mention “the vl [fue the philosophers Gamdkiruhumsa- Ghar Tahu), and be seems to [inc thee im mind ev. The promient and leading piosophes are explicitly ‘rempt fom the accusation of uepletng religious dates, denying reveled rel (Glo or teaching that religion are enbelsed trek (al-Ghae, If 2)-The [frou a Chall compas about athe ver begining this skeen crete Fin ilospbialwadtion, based onthe ea that the ancient philosophers were the msterefall ences, and they ello eschgs that were never popular among the prominent pilosophere The leuers among the pulsophers, howeve, are tot ately innocent when some followers trp! hereachings. The ea Ca themcles create a myty samel tht ther oa eschings ae proven though ‘Eemonsteatve arguments that render them lndaitabe. The flisicese the \presnon tha ty hee = way to tat hat isperortollother roupeand even Ghar dos no pte te posi of demonstrative arguments tht prove ‘hdiconcaion beyond any dost. On the contrary. e ends demonstration a ‘isn wagon ogc and be urges pectin the elgious scence to cept thi tne am portant pssag inthe eon intodacion tht wlbe on gtd tyler adn otis al Ghslimockrelgus clas who isthe stone ‘he cplnatin a slr clipe stan allgnent fe, mooa, bd earth. This ps ttn demons prove, ad denying creates more harm fo eligi that ‘batts could ver ni (a Chan Tiki). "AL-Ghsl ew wel hat the demonstrative method sgh in books tha tae ‘narenchingyandoien sla thertiles—from Arita geal works mos inpor {aaty bls Poser acs ‘hee deonrteton ie erred a he combination ‘erween come! fos of argues nd) nda premises that ae eter vient ort ve hemes Ben proven In exes demonstrations. The fourteen Cores forms of armen he logs are pia descded inthe fal books {tatposenthctexcings of Astle ror Ana aly how fom comet = ‘onan pres iscidinboksthtareequlalet to Ans Cateorisand {Be oop of Prey (en os bok with which the tad of Artin lege Inthe Orgonon bp AL-Gbeat seceptd ti 5o-

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