Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
B U L L E T I N
2O11
ANNUAL RE PORT
1 Table of Contents
Front Cover:
Crystalavi, oil on canvas painting 26 Stanislav and Christina Grof: Cartographers of the Psyche
by Robert Venosa (1976).
40 x 32 / 100 x 80 cm.
Mason Schreck
www.robertvenosa.com
www.maps.org/venosa
29 A Declaration of Psychedelic Studies:
Crystalaviwas originally entitled Apotheosis of the Birds
when painted in 1976.It is part of the classic early Venosa Psychedelic Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences
period which established his signature style.Most of these
works were primarily created in shades of blue and/or earth Nee Lisa enol
tones which reflectthe colors of his Mediterranean home
at the time, Cadaqus, Spain.While deeply immersed in
art, spiritual studies, and meditation during this time, Robert 31 Exploring Psychedelic Healing: Three New Book Reviews
Venosaproduced work distinguished by its crystalline forms
and ethereal, cosmic content. This piece was first reproduced David Jay Brown
in his monographManas Mana,Big O publishing, London,
1978.
33 In Loving Memory of Robert Venosa, 1936-2011
Back Cover:
Salsify Martina Hoffmann
by Robert Buelteman (2006).
Made while in residence at the Santa Fe Institute
Limited Edition Chromogenic Development Print 35 MAPS Staff
www.buelteman.com
www.maps.org/buelteman
Robert Buelteman is a celebrated fine art photographer 36 Membership Page
whose works connect viewer to subject in an emotionally
transcendent manner consistent with the traditions of Eastern
wisdom and Western revelation. Working exclusively with
large sheets of photographic film, the living plant is used as a
filter through which high-voltage electricity and fiber-optical-
ly-delivered light are passed. The resulting images serve as
window on the mystery that life is, and have been compared
with pictures of our universe made by the Hubble telescope.
Work is love made visible.
2 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 3
My mother, in her youth, was inspired by the poet Kahlil Gibran, the of psychedelic clinics, to see if we could Times and Washington Post about the FDA
author of those words about work and love. The Quakers cite it. My wife tell a compelling for-profit story that approving our marijuana/PTSD protocol
could attract investors to fund MDMA/ and then the Public Health Service refus-
Lynnewho loves her worktaught it to me.
PTSD drug development research. We had ing to sell us the marijuana we needed to
previously decided we needed to focus on conduct the study, I worried that Ashaw-
From the desk of Rick Doblin, Ph.D. donors rather than investors, but Ashaw- na might think our top priority was being
na said he thought the idea was worth neglected. But during my last conversa-
The idea that work is love made visible came to mind on October 17, further evaluation. tion with Ashawna, he was absolutely
2011, when I heard the news that MAPS Board Member and my dear When I started MAPS in 1986, I could delighted with all that MAPS was doing.
Rick Doblin, Ph.D.
friend Ashawna Hailey had died several days earlier. As a fitting tribute, not have predicted how many amazing My insecurities melted away, and I was MAPS Founder and Executive Director
people would be drawn to it. It was a left with a feeling of peace.
I channeled my grief into work late that night on our shared projects.
labor of love about a substance that pro- About a week and a half after
Ashawna had died probably only a few hours after we had a wonderfully motes love in a world that criminalized Ashawna died, I was in Chicago with
warm and productive phone conversation about the current status it as a poison causing brain damage and Ethan Nadelmann, the founder and
of MAPS work. death. I honestly didnt know if Id ever be executive director of the Drug Policy
able to make any progress toward restor- Alliance. We were there for a convening
Ashawna had called me a few minutes after I sent him an email with a ing the legitimacy of MDMA-assisted psy- of the grantees of the Libra Foundation,
document to review. It was our Request for Proposals (RFP) for a MAPS chotherapyI just knew that I needed to whose mission centers on human rights
try. Through MAPS, I had found my point and whose Trustees have decided that
grant for developing a protocol to evaluate MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
of leverage for contributing to healthy ending the Drug War is a human rights
to treat autism spectrum disorders. MAPS had just finished creating the social change, to the Jewish tradition of issue. Late that night, Ethan and I remi-
RFP after a year of planning. Ashawna had championed heavily for it. I tikkun olam, the repair of the world. nisced about Ashawna. We shared the
was proud of the RFP, and Ashawna was delighted to learn that it was Ashawna wanted to make sure I view that while Ashawnas death remind-
complete. Then I realized that he hadnt seen the email yet; we had just wouldnt be distracted from my original ed us of how precious is the time we have
reached out to each other at the same time. This was to be our last conver- goal of restoring the legality of MDMA- on this earth, there is nothing wed rather
sation and some of Ashawnas final words. assisted psychotherapy. He was concerned be doing with our lives than what we are
that our marijuana research effortsour already doing. That was how Ashawna
lawsuit against the DEA over the need to lived as well. For us, and for Ashawna,
Ashawna had a brilliant mind for com- backwards to plan for meeting our far-
break NIDAs monopoly on marijuana for work is love made visible.
puter software and business, coupled with reaching and ambitious goals.
research and our efforts to start a study of By identifying the challenges that lie
a wildly creative personal life. In profes- Ashawna was the one to realize that
marijuana for veterans with PTSDcould ahead for MAPS and encouraging us to
sional as well as personal endeavors, he our ability to effectively train therapists,
get in the way. I argued that our marijua- think about the future, Ashawna Hailey
was driven, focused, and courageous, and both for research and for legal therapy, was
na and MDMA projects were synergistic, set milestones for growth that will take
loved living life to the fullest. At virtually the key limiting factor in our MDMA drug
working with the same federal regula- decades for us to fully reach. His love for
every MAPS board meeting, Ashawna ref- development and implementation strategy.
tors and the same clinical condition, but this work will carry on past the limit of
erenced Stephen Coveys The Seven Habits During our final phone conversation, he
I knew I hadnt fully relieved Ashawnas his lifetime.
of Highly Effective People and urged us to urged me to more clearly articulate our vi-
concerns. When articles were published
start with the end in mind, then to work sion for establishing a worldwide network
this summer and fall in The New York
Annual
4 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 5
Report
Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies www.maps.org
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
To t a l D o l l a r s
800,000
600,000
In addition to our obligation to be strategic and What follows is a comprehensive report and discussion
efficient with the funds we receive, I feel an additional of MAPS income and expenses for Fiscal Year 2010-11 400,000
obligation to be transparent about our allocation of (June 1, 2010 to May 31, 2011).
Expenses: $1,384,507
Expenses: $1,393,848
Expenses: $1,369,503
Expenses: $1,025,475
Expenses: $1,288,059
Expenses: $1,446,137
Expenses: $903,883
Expenses: $653,780
Income: $1,206,490
Income: $1,587,209
Income: $1,473,824
Income: $1,698,453
Income: $1,035,837
Income: $1,285,493
resources and our priorities. Our goal with this finan-
Income: $1,156,017
Assets: $1,063,857
Assets: $1,093,393
Assets: $1,041,010
Income: $812,540
Assets: $853,653
Assets: $783,522
Assets: $788,694
Assets: $670,152
Assets: $761,486
cial report is to enable MAPS members and members Overview of Fiscal Year 2010-11
of the public to see our priorities in action through our Even though the global economy continues to struggle, 200,000
financial reporting. MAPS year-end financial reports MAPS was able to report remarkably successful results
are intended to communicate in specific detail where in FY 10-11. Income was $1.47 million and expenses
we allocate the funds we receive from our generous were $1.38 million. This results in a net gain in assets 0
donors. Should you have any questions about any items of $89,000, for a total of $1.09 million, a small step
in this report, you are invited to inquire at askmaps@ towards the roughly $8-10 million that will be needed 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11
maps.org. for our Phase 3 MDMA/PTSD studies. MAPS FY 10-11 FISCAL YEAR
results compare to an income of $1.57 million in the
For the first time in our 25-year history, we have previous FY 09-10, with expenses of $1.42 million. In-
chosen to pay independent auditors to evaluate our come for FY 09-10 was higher than this year due to our
accounting so that we can report to potential funders, major Psychedelic Science conference, which resulted in
especially major foundations and government agen- gross event income of over $300,000.
cies, that we do indeed have audited financials. This
initial audit of our records from Fiscal Year 2010-11 There are several key reasons for our fundraising suc-
cost MAPS $15,000. Since none of our donors have cess in FY 10-11: (a) In July 2010, we published in the
yet requested audited financials, this cost is what has Journal of Psychopharmacology the outstanding results of Of MAPS income for FY 10-11, $1.17 million (80%) MAPS second largest donation in FY 10-11 was
previously deterred us from requesting the independent our initial U.S. pilot study of MDMA-assisted psycho- comes from a small number of major donors who give $200,000 from Ashawna Hailey, who served on MAPS
review. therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder, in which over greater than or equal to $1000 per year, $138,000 (9%) Board of Directors. Its with a heavy heart that I report
80% of the subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant from about 2000 donors who give less than $1000 that Ashawna recently died at age 62. We have heard
As MAPS grows, we anticipate that audited financials PTSD lasting an average of over 20 years were cured of per year, $94,000 (6%) from conference and events, that he has remembered MAPS generously in his will.
will eventually be required of MAPS, and now is the their PTSD by MDMA-assisted psychotherapy; (b) We $65,000 (4%) from product sales, and $3,000 (about
time to prepare to meet these stricter financial report- initiated a new MDMA/PTSD study in U.S. veterans .02%) from investments (interest on savings accounts MAPS next largest donation was $175,000 from Peter
ing requirements. We are now looking forward to with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD, a patient popu- and CDs). Lewis. Joby Pritzker and his familys Libra Founda-
Phase 3 MDMA/PTSD studies and the dramatically in- lation for which there is profound public sympathy and tion donated $125,000. MAPS Board Member Robert
creased expenses and income needed to make MDMA- for whom a broader group of donors is willing to sup- MAPS single largest donation in FY 10-11 was Barnhart donated $65,000. The Swift familys River-
assisted psychotherapy legally available. Were proud port treatments; (c) We completed our Swiss MDMA/ $350,000 from a bequest by Larry Thomas, with about styx Foundation donated $30,000. The Mental Insight
to make public our Auditors Management Letter, Audit PTSD pilot study with results demonstrating safety another $100,000 still to be disbursed in FY 11-12. Foundation and Matt Bowden/Stargate International
Report, and Report on Internal Controls and Compli- and greater reductions in PTSD symptoms than in the Larry discussed his motivation to donate to MAPS in an each donated $25,000. Donations of $20,000 each
ance on our website at www.maps.org/audit2011. Josh studies resulting in the approval of Zoloft and Paxil interview with MAPS former Director of Communica- were made by John Gilmore (also on MAPS Board of
Mojeiko, MAPS Director of Finance and Information for prescription use for PTSD; (d) Weve continued to tion and Marketing Randy Hencken. This interview Directors), the Arsenault Family Foundation and Ian
Technology, has done a terrific job preparing our books generate remarkably positive media, such as the March was conducted several years before Larry died and was Brown (who received funds in a bequest to him which
for the audit and responding to the auditors many 2011 article about MAPS MDMA/PTSD research in O: published in the MAPS Bulletin (Volume 20, Number he then donated to MAPS). Rene Ruiz/Sue Mosher do-
requests for documentation. The Oprah Magazine; and (e) the unique experience and 3). Larrys donation is a gentle reminder that we should nated $10,000, as did MAPS-published author Marilyn
expanding skill of MAPS dedicated staff. all consider leaving some funds to charity in our wills. Howell.
6 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 7
Chart 2 - MAPS Fiscal Year 2010-2011 As of 5/31/2011 Chart 3 - Balance Sheet Restricted Chart 4 - Expenses Summary 2010-2011 MDMA for PTSD Study, Veterans of War (US) $147,520
Income $1,473,824 MAPS Net Assets As of 5/31/2011 PRINTING, PUBLICATIONS, ROYALTIES MDMA for PTSD Study: Wellcome Trust Grant Proposal (UK) $1,347
MAPS Bulletin $35,706 MDMA for PTSD Study, Site-by-Site
Expenses $1,384,507 MAPS Monthly Email Updates $5,576 CAPS Differences (International) $388
Change in Assets $89,317 Assets: Restricted Funds $241,571 MAPS-Published Book: Mavericks of the Mind $2,288 Phase 1 Psychological Effects Study, Therapist Training
Assets: Unrestricted Research Reserve (Yet to Raise) $783,319 MAPS-Published Book: Honor Thy Daughter $10,770 (US/International) $17,647
Assets: Operational Reserve $68,504 Royalties for Hofmanns LSD: My Problem Child $1,500 MDMA Research General $54,791
Income Categories As of 5/31/2011
Total Portfolio (Actual Value, Not Cost) $1,093,393 Information/Copies $5,026 Mithoefer Supervisory and Public Relations Time $34,333
Donations from Individuals & Foundations >= $1000 $1,171,997 TOTAL PRINTING, PUBLICATIONS, ROYALTIES $60,866 Clinical Research Randomization Software $2,250
Donations from Individuals < $1000 $138,781 Restricted Funds As of May 31, 2011 MAPS Researchers Retreat 2010 $2,092
Product Sales (Books, Art, Clothes) $65,275 MDMA for PTSD Study, Veterans of War (US) $76,234
WEB Marijuana Production Facility/UMass Amherst $16,029
Website Content Management System (CMS) Upgrade $7,290 Cannabis for PTSD Study (US) $9,418
Other Income: Investments, Securities $3,374 LSD and End of Life Study (Switzerland) $55,387 Web Forum and Online Discussion Group $75 Clinical Research General $61,579
Fundraising Income: Conferences, Events $94,397 LSD/Psilocybin End of Life Study (Miami) $32,582 Web Administration $2,593 TOTAL RESEARCH PROJECTS $555,859
Total Income $1,473,824 MDMA for PTSD Study (Jordan) $28,616 Web Hosting $8,632
Observational Ibogaine Study IOA4 (New Zealand) $15,000 Web Content $9,469 EDUCATION PROJECTS FISCAL SPONSORSHIP
Observational Ibogaine Study IOA3 (Mexico) $14,519 TOTAL WEB $28,059 Bluelight Forum (Income: $7,000) $6,930
Asset Categories As of 5/31/2011 Conceptafilm (Income: $13,807) $13,782
Net Assets at Beginning of Fiscal Year $1,004,077 Vaporizer study $10,364 CORE EDUCATIONAL EVENTS Womens Alliance for Medical Marijuana
Start Up Fund/UMass Amherst $6,870 25th Anniversary Bay Area $4,387 (WAMM) (Income: $300) $2,712
Plus: Net Change $89,317
Ketamine Research $1,000 Regional Events: Texas $6,604 WAMM Movie (Income: $550) $550
Net Assets at End of Fiscal Year $1,093,393 Regional Events: Boulder $10,533 TOTAL EDUCATION PROJECTS
Creativity Study $1,000
Assets: Restricted Funds $241,571 Total Restricted Funds $241,572 Regional Events: Denver $2,515 FISCAL SPONSORSHIP (NET of Income) $2,317
Assets: Unrestricted Research Reserve (Yet to Raise) $783,319 Regional Events: Los Angeles Catalysts Conference $45,387
STUDY Yet To Raise
Psychedelic Science in the 21st Century Conference $28,171 ART AND PRODUCTS FOR RESALE
Assets: Operational Reserve $68,504 Online Video Education Project $13,723 Products $21,080
Total Assets $1,093,394 MDMA for PTSD Study, Veterans of War (US) $15,921 2011 Staff Retreat $7,001 Art for Resale $5,188
MDMA for PTSD, Intern Study (US) $163,514 Education Projects General $27,525 TOTAL ART AND PRODUCTS $26,268
MDMA for PTSD Study, PTSD Relapse Extension (US) $15,776 TOTAL CORE EDUCATIONAL EVENTS $145,846
IRS 990 Expense Categories As of 5/31/2011
MDMA for PTSD Study, COMPENSATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, ETC
Research Projects $555,860 CORE EDUCATION PROJECTS $234,771 AND OTHER SALARIES AND WAGES $215,804
Long-Term Follow-Up Extension (US) $5,512
Core and Other Educational Projects $129,982
MDMA for PTSD Study (Canada) $230,560 OTHER EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS PROJECT RELATED STAFF AND OFFICE EXPENSES
Educational Projects Fiscal Sponsorship (NET) $2,317 MDMA for PTSD Study (Jordan) $56,050 Burning Man 2010 $1,913 Accounting fees $6,628
Educational Events $145,846 MDMA for PTSD Study (Israel) $212,118 Harm Reduction $442 Management fees $1,800
Project Related Staff/Office Expenses $123,790 MDMA for PTSD Study (Australia) $49,489 Social Media $991 Telephone $18,713
Employee Benefits $60,551 Conference: American Psychologist Association $7,102 Postage and Shipping $18,966
Phase 1 Psychological Effects Study, Therapist Training Conference: International Federation of Psychotherapy $1,276 Occupancy $40,383
Management and General Operations Salary/Taxes/Benefits $251,892 (US/International) $24,380 Conference: Horizons $10,832 Equipment Rental and Maintenance $3,821
Fundraising $71,231 Cannabis for PTSD Study (US) $10,000 Conference: Ibogaine (Barcelona) $3,176 Travel $4,881
Art, Products, Royalties $26,267 TOTAL $783,320 Conference: Lightning in a Bottle $1,545 Other Conferences and Events $11,280
5/31/11 Unrestricted = Assets - Restricted Funds - Conference: NORML 40th Anniversary $2,439 Extraordinary Back Payroll Taxes (from 2007) $4,144
Office Equipment/Capital Expenditures $19,476 Conference: Telluride Mushroom Festival $2,983 Bank fees, Credit Card fees, Licenses $11,210
Refunds/Adjustments -$2,704 Passthroughs (from BSR) $851,823 Conference: Breaking Convention $3,261 Sales Tax $1,963
Mortgage Asset Adjustment ($33,200) Unrestricted Research Reserve -$783,319 Conference: International Transpersonal Association (Moscow) $3,427 TOTAL PROJECT RELATED STAFF AND
Operational Reserve $68,504 Conference: Entheogenesis (Australia) $1,670 OFFICE EXPENSES $123,789
Total Expenses $1,384,508
TOTAL OTHER EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS $41,057
RETIREMENT, HEALTHCARE, AND EDUCATION BENEFITS
RESEARCH PROJECTS Healthcare and Education $33,635
Observational Study of Ayahuasca and Addiction (Canada) $10,040 Retirement Funds Payout $26,915
Observational Ibogaine Study IOA3 (Mexico) $15,057 TOTAL RETIREMENT, HEALTHCARE, AND
LSD and End of Life Study (Switzerland) $27,898 EDUCATION BENEFITS $60,550
Beckley Psilocybin Brain Imaging Study (UK) $10,040
Donations less than $1000 play a major often start giving to help them evaluate remaining 26% was for management and Vollenweider Physiological Study with OFFICE EQUIPMENT $19,476
role in MAPS success. These unrestricted MAPS from the perspective of a member. general operations, cost of products sold, MDMA/PTSD Subjects at University of Zurich (Switzerland) $5,040
donations are important because they (a) employee benefits, and office equipment. MDMA Literature Review $6,063 CREDITS: REFUNDS/ADJUSTMENTS -$2,704
contribute to covering operational ex- MAPS expenses in FY 10-11 amounted MDMA Treatment Manual $4,769
penses, (b) are from members who often to $1.38 million. Of that amount, A more detailed list and description of NIMH Grant for MDMA Treatment Manual $425 FUNRAISING EXPENSES $71,231
donate their time for MAPS wide range $555,000 (40%) was for research, MAPS expenses follows. From this list, MDMA for PTSD Study (US) $19,236
of volunteer opportunities, (c) build the $278,000 (20%) was for education, the breadth of MAPS activities can be
MDMA for PTSD Study, Long-Term Follow-Up Extension (US) $7,502 PAYROLL TAXES $36,088
MDMA for PTSD Study, PTSD Relapse Extension (US) $5,845
MAPS community, (d) lead to word-of- $123,000 (9%) was for project-related seen more clearly, as can our strategic MDMA for PTSD Study (Switzerland) $30,666 Grand Total $1,384,508
mouth contacts with new potential large staff/office expenses, $71,231 (5%) was priorities. MDMA for PTSD Study (Israel) $33,293
donors, and (e) are what major donors for the cost of fundraising events, and the MDMA for PTSD Study (Canada) $8,615
MDMA for PTSD Study (Spain) $2,132
MDMA for PTSD Study (Jordan) $21,846
8 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 9
Chart 6 Chart 7
MAPS Actual Expenses Estimated Expenses MAPS Phase 2 MDMA/PTSD Studies Expenses 2008-2013
Projected Expenses FY 10-11/11-12 FY11-12 as of 11/1/11 FY11-12 as of 11/1/11 in Preparation for FDA/EMEA End-of-Phase 2 Meeting
Under Low Condition Actual Estimated Actual Estimated
Chart 8 Concluding Comments Institute on Drug Abuse will not sell us any of
Projected One Page Fiscal Summary FY 2011-12 As this year-end financial report is being writ- its marijuana. The study is temporarily halted,
Twelve Months Ending May 31, 2012
ten, MAPS clinical research team, led by Mi- since NIDA has a monopoly on the supply of
chael Mithoefer, M.D., and Annie Mithoefer, marijuana legal for use in federally regulated
Revenue Actuals as of Nov. 1, 2011 Low Med High B.S.N., is writing a scientific paper about the clinical research. We have received favorable
Event Income $101,554 $237,500 $255,000 $280,000 results of our long-term follow-up study to our media coverage for our planned marijuana/
Major Donors (Restricted) $251,391 $528,750 $578,000 $627,250 initial US MDMA/PTSD study. Weve gathered PTSD study in The New York Times, while the
Major Donors (Unrestricted) $206,500 $663,950 $719,700 $781,950 follow-up data at a mean of 41 months (almost PHS rejection was covered critically in both
Donors (< $1000) $70,817 $145,000 $160,000 $180,000 3.5 years) after the last MDMA-assisted an article and an op-ed in the Washington Post.
Product Sales $35,680 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 psychotherapy session. Weve found that, Well reapply, of course, but getting approval
Investments $4,345 $7,000 $9,000 $11,000 on average, the decline in PTSD symptoms for this study has become a long-term struggle,
Total Revenue $670,287 $1,642,200 $1,791,700 $1,960,200 has sustained over time, demonstrating that and our success will depend in part on our
there our experimental treatment has last- ability to mobilize veterans to pressure NIDA
Cost of Goods Sold $2,434 $4,000 $5,000 $7,500 ing benefits. Once this paper is published in to let it take place.
a peer-reviewed journal, we anticipate that Our 10-year legal struggle with the DEA is
Gross Profit $667,852 $1,638,200 $1,786,700 $1,952,700 there will be an increased interest in MAPS moving to the First Circuit Court of Ap-
MDMA/PTSD research by mainstream PTSD peals. We are still seeking to end the NIDA
Expenses Actuals Low Med High researchers, by the media, and by the public. monopoly by obtaining a DEA license for
Research Expenses $267,455 $911,725 $911,725 $911,725 This should help with fundraising for the Professor Lyle Craker of the University of
Education Expenses $180,730 $348,795 $348,795 $348,795 expansion of our Phase 2 studies. Well also Massachusetts-Amherst to produce marijuana
Operations $279,066 $657,503 $657,503 $657,503 be working on papers about the results from under contract to MAPS for federally regu-
Capital Purchases $8,739 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 our completed Swiss MDMA/PTSD pilot study lated research. Were going to be tied up in
Total Expenses $735,990 $1,928,023 1,928,023 $1,928,023 and our Swiss LSD/end-of-life anxiety study, the appeals process for another several years,
both of which demonstrated safety and trends and have fortunately obtained pro-bono legal
Net Profit (Income - COGS - Exp) -$68,139 -$289,823 -$141,323 $24,677 toward efficacy and will generate additional representation from the major Washington,
support for our research plan. DC, law firm Covington & Burling.
Other Income and Expense Actuals Low Med High
Pass Through Income $22,922 $30,000 $85,000 $160,000 While our U.S. MDMA/PTSD study in vet- MAPS profile will be raised even further fol-
Pass Through Payments $22,792 $29,592 $80,750 $152,000 erans will not be completed in FY 11-12, it lowing our 25th anniversary conference, which
Total Other Income and Expenses $130 $408 $4,250 $8,000 will be about half completed. Media reports will be held in Oakland, CA, just about the
Total Income -$68,009 -$289,415 -$137,073 $32,677 about this study will also generate increased time this MAPS Bulletin arrives in our mem-
Projected Summary FY 2011-12 Actuals Low Med High interest in MAPS research, supporting our bers mailboxes.
Total Income for FY $693,208 $1,672,200 $1,876,700 $2,120,200 increasingly ambitious fundraising efforts. We
Total Expenses for FY $761,217 $1,961,615 $2,013,773 $2,087,523 assume that support from the Veterans Ad- As you can see from our projected income
ministration for MDMA/PTSD research in vet- and expenses for FY 11-12, were anticipating
Total Income -$68,009 -$289,415 -$137,073 $32,677 erans will not be likely until after this study further growth in FY 11-12. This growth is
is completed. This will be even more likely if largely dependent on the willingness of cur-
Spent from Restricted Funds as of 6/1/11 $121,372 $168,862 $168,862 $168,862 we generate results in this patient population rent MAPS members to continue to expand
Change in Assets after Restricted $53,363 -$120,553 $31,789 $201,539 that are as compelling as those from our initial their support, and on our ability to attract and
U.S. MDMA/PTSD study, which was almost retain new members. As you contemplate your
entirely in survivors of rape, assault, and own year-end charitable donations, please
childhood sexual abuse. consider making a generous donation to MAPS
and mentioning MAPS in your will.
Unfortunately, the Public Health Service
rejected MAPS marijuana/PTSD protocol after During this 25th anniversary of MAPS, our
the FDA had approved it. The PHS reviewers past accomplishments justify all of us feeling
evaluated the protocol from a basic science proud for having worked together. Our future
perspective rather than from a drug develop- potential is dazzling.
ment perspective. As a result, the National
Summary
12 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 13
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD in MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD (complete) MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD
Veterans of War (Flagship Long-Term Follow-Up Study) Solothurn, Switzerland Tel Aviv, Israel
Charleston, South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina Total cost: $300,000 Total cost: $260,000 ($212,000)
Total cost: $595,000 ($16,000 still needed) Total cost: $10,000 ($6,000 still needed) Clinical Investigators: Peter Oehen, M.D., Clinical Investigator: Moshe Kotler, M.D.
Clinical Investigators: Michael Mithoefer, M.D., Clinical Investigators: Michael Mithoefer, M.D., and Verena Widmer, R.N. Building on our experience with previous studies, MAPS has
and Annie Mithoefer, B.S.N. and Annie Mithoefer, B.S.N. In January 2011, the final long-term follow-up visit was com- determined that pairing traditionally trained psychiatrists with
Our current top priority project is our ongoing Phase 2 study MAPS recently completed a long-term follow-up study of pleted in MAPS Swiss study of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy others with more direct experience working with altered states
of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for 16 U.S. veterans with subjects who participated in our flagship Phase 2 pilot study for PTSD. The clinical research team has closed and locked the of consciousness may help produce a more effective therapeutic
chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. This study has now enrolled of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. This study was database, officially concluding the data collection portion of the team. For this reason, our new Israeli study of MDMA-assisted
over a third of its subjects, all of whom suffer from PTSD as a intended to determine whether the outstandingly positive study. A preliminary analysis suggests that the Clinician-Ad- psychotherapy for PTSD will employ three (rather than two)
result of military service, and is continuing to enroll and treat results of the original study persisted over time. The prelimi- ministered PTSD Scale (CAPS), which is the primary measure male/female co-therapist teams in order to increase enrollment
subjects. This study uses a sophisticated randomized, triple- nary analysis shows that benefits from treatment with MDMA- of PTSD symptom severity, showed a trend towards improve- rates and provide more opportunities for therapists to learn
blind, placebo-controlled protocol. During the three-month assisted psychotherapy were maintained over time. An average ment after treatment, with CAPS reductions somewhat larger from each other. The variety of expertise brought to the thera-
course of psychotherapy, all subjects receive weekly non-drug of 41 months (about 3 and a half years) after completing the than in comparable studies of Zoloft and Paxil. The Posttrau- peutic sessions by these co-therapist teams should make them
psychotherapy and three daylong MDMA-assisted psychother- study, average scores on the Clinician-Administered PTSD matic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), which is the secondary measure more effective at achieving positive treatment outcomes. The
apy sessions, scheduled three to five weeks apart. In addition Scale (CAPS) were statistically equivalent to those measured of PTSD symptoms completed by the subjects, also showed study has the full approval of Israeli regulatory bodies includ-
to providing evidence for the safety and efficacy of MDMA- at the end of the treatment period. A few subjects did experi- statistically significant improvements in symptoms after treat- ing the Israeli Ministry of Health and an Ethics Committee.
assisted psychotherapy for chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD, ence relapses, and these individuals will be eligible to enroll in ment. The clinical team is now preparing a paper describing the The protocol will also be submitted to the US FDA, which must
we are also using this study to develop techniques for standard- our relapse study (see below). MAPS clinical research team results for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. prospectively approve the study before we can start enrolling
izing both data collection and the therapy itself. Since our flag- is currently preparing a manuscript detailing the results of the subjects since it is being conducted under a US Investigational
ship study primarily involved female survivors of sexual abuse study. Once the manuscript is complete, it will be submitted for MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD New Drug application.
and assault, we hope this study will show that the benefits of publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Vancouver, Canada
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy extend to the population of Total cost: $310,000 ($231,000 still needed) MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD
veterans with war-related PTSD. MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD (Relapse Study) Clinical Investigators: Ingrid Pacey, M.D., Amman, Jordan
Charleston, South Carolina and Andrew Feldmr, M.A. Total cost: $141,000 ($56,000 still needed)
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD (Flagship Pilot Total cost: $31,000 ($16,000 still needed) The goal of our 12-person Canadian study, designed similarly to Clinical Investigator: Nasser Shuriquie, M.D.
Study) (complete) Clinical Investigators: Michael Mithoefer, M.D., our Swiss study, is to learn if we can replicate the outstanding MAPS is working to conduct an MDMA/PTSD pilot study in
Charleston, South Carolina and Annie Mithoefer, B.S.N. results of our U.S. study. Our Canadian study will be conducted Jordan as part of our efforts to explore whether MDMA-assisted
Total cost: $1,250,000 Our long-term follow-up to our flagship Phase 2 clinical trial of in a similar cultural context as our U.S. study. Ingrid Pacey, psychotherapy can be successfully conducted in a range of
Clinical Investigators: Michael Mithoefer, M.D., MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD revealed that although M.D., a psychiatrist and certified Grof Holotropic Breathwork cultural contexts. These cultural differences will require us
and Annie Mithoefer, B.S.N. over 80% of the subjects in our previous study no longer met practitioner, and Andrew Feldmr, M.A., a Hungarian-Canadi- to think ever more carefully about the core elements of our
Our flagship Phase 2 pilot study of MDMA-assisted psycho- criteria for PTSD two months after treatment, for several sub- an psychologist and disciple of R.D. Laing, are the male/female therapeutic approach and how we teach them to our therapist
therapy for 20 veterans with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD jects symptoms did eventually return. Benefits from MDMA- co-therapists conducting this study. Both of these experienced teams. The study will explore the safety and effectiveness of
stemming from sexual abuse, violent crime, or war was com- assisted psychotherapy tended to persist over time during the and highly trained therapists worked with MDMA-assisted psy- three MDMA-assisted psychotherapy combined with traditional
pleted in late 2008, and the outstanding results were published long-term follow-up, conducted an average of 41 months after chotherapy prior to its criminalization and share a theoretical therapy for 12 subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD.
in July 2010 in the Journal of Psychopharmacology. Over 80% of treatment. Our new relapse study will attempt to determine orientation with our U.S. and Swiss teams. Were using two se- The first two subjects in the study will participate in a full-
the subjects who went through MDMA-assisted psychotherapy whether a single additional open-label MDMA-assisted psycho- nior therapists in Canada to give us the best chance to replicate dose open-label lead-in portion in order to train our Jordanian
no longer qualified for a PTSD diagnosis, compared with 25% therapy session along with several non-drug psychotherapy ses- the outstanding U.S. results. We are currently awaiting final co-therapists in our manualized treatment method. This study
in the placebo group. The paper announcing these results was sions can enable these subjects to once again be free of a PTSD approval from Health Canada following a security inspection also uses a slightly higher active placebo dose (40mg MDMA)
the journals most downloaded article in 2010. This study was diagnosis. This study is now preparing to enroll subjects. of the pharmacy that will be used to store the MDMA. Once than our other studies to help gather more data on the relative
the first study ever to investigate a therapeutic application of approved, this will be the first clinical psychedelic study in effectiveness of a range of doses. The study is currently awaiting
MDMA under an FDA Investigational New Drug application. Canada since the mid-1970s. clearance from the Jordanian Food and Drug Administration
A long-term follow-up of subjects in this study (see next item) (JFDA).
showed the benefits of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy were
maintained an average of 3 and a half years later.
14 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 15
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD LSD-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated with Ibogaine Treatment for Addiction and Dependence Ayahuasca Treatment for Addiction and
Australia Advanced-Stage Illness (complete) Playas de Tijuana, Mexico Compulsive Behaviors
Total cost: $125,000 ($50,000 still needed) Solothurn, Switzerland Total cost: $32,000 British Columbia, Canada
Clinical Investigator: Stuart Saker, M.D., Total cost: $200,000 Principal Investigator: Thomas Kingsley Brown, Ph.D. Total cost: TBD
and Fiona MacKenzie, M.Psych Clinical Investigator: Peter Gasser, M.D. All 30 subjects have now been enrolled in our ongoing observa- Principal Investigator: Gerald Thomas, Ph.D.
MAPS is now working with a group of researchers in Austra- MAPS is proud to have completed the first study of the thera- tional study of ibogaine treatment for addiction, taking place at Sponsored by MAPS Canada, this observational study is inves-
lia to plan a new study of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for peutic use of LSD in humans in more than 35 years. The twelfth an independent ibogaine clinic in Mexico. Given the increasing tigating the safety and long-term effectiveness of ayahuasca
subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. This study is and final subject in our Swiss study of LSD-assisted psycho- numbers of people around the world seeking ibogaine treatment treatment for individuals suffering from addiction and depen-
in the protocol development process. Planning for Phase 3 of therapy for anxiety associated with advanced-stage illness was for drug addiction, this study aims to gather evidence about the dence. Combining Western psychotherapeutic techniques with
our MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD research program treated in May 2011, and half have now completed the long- safety and effectiveness of the treatment and to compare differ- South American shamanic (Vegetalista) healing practices, this
involves determining which study sites and which cultural term follow-up portion. In 30 treatment sessions, not a single ent approaches to that treatment. study is gathering preliminary evidence about the safety and
contexts are most likely to produce the most significant results. subject experienced a severe negative reaction (serious adverse effectiveness of ayahuasca-assisted therapy. Treatment consists
Conducting our ongoing series of Phase 2 clinical trials in a event, or SAE) such as a psychotic experience, suicidal crisis, Ibogaine Treatment for Addiction and Dependence of participation in a five-day retreat (facilitated by independent
variety of international contexts helps us determine whether flashback, or severe anxiety (bad trip). According to Clinical New Zealand psychiatrist Gabor Mat, M.D.) including ayahuasca-assisted
and to what extent the effectiveness of MDMA-assisted psycho- Investigator Peter Gasser, M.D., all 12 patients reported benefits Total cost: TBD therapy, which may help reduce problematic substance use
therapy for PTSD depends on language and culture, as well as from the treatmenthowever, it is too early to say whether the Principal Investigator: Geoff Noller, Ph.D. as well as addictions, compulsive behavior, and self-harming
subject demographics and independent rater variables. results will be statistically significant. Regardless of statistical Researchers are developing a new protocol to explore the safety thought patterns. The study is being conducted in coopera-
significance, however, the preliminary results indicate that the and effectiveness of ibogaine treatment for addiction to take tion with a British Columbia First Nations band. All treatment
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD (Intern Study) risk of administering LSD in carefully controlled clinical set- place at an independent ibogaine treatment center in New sessions have now been completed, and the research team is
Boulder, Colorado tings is acceptably low, and that there is a promising future for Zealand. This new observational study will provide additional collecting follow-up data from 15 study participants.
Total cost: $265,000 ($164,000 still needed) LSD research. data to complement our recently completed observational ibo-
Clinical Investigator: Marcela Otalora, M.A. gaine treatment study in Mexico. This study will follow 20 to
MAPS is currently planning a Phase 2 intern study to inves- Marijuana for Symptoms of PTSD in Veterans of War 30 subjects already enrolled in an ibogaine treatment program
tigate the effectiveness of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for Phoenix, Arizona and evaluate the long-term effects of ibogaine treatment on
PTSD when one member of the standard male/female co-thera- Total cost: $20,000 for protocol development and addictive behaviors and overall quality of life. The protocol is
pist team is a healthcare intern (being trained in therapy, social approval ($10,000 still needed) currently under development, and the study will begin once it
work, or nursing). The other member of the team will be a pro- Clinical Investigator: Sue Sisley, M.D. has been cleared by an independent Ethics Committee. This is
fessional therapist trained in our treatment method. As interns MAPS proposed pilot study of marijuana for 50 veterans with an investigator-sponsored study with assistance from MAPS,
work for free in exchange for fulfilling required training hours chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD is at a standstill, following a and has been made possible by a generous $25,000 grant for
under professional supervision, this approach would reduce refusal by the US Department of Health and Human Services ibogaine research from Matt and Kristi Bowden of Stargate
costs and train the next generation of psychedelic therapists. (HHS) to sell us marijuana for the study. Despite the fact that International.
Subjects will be U.S. veterans with chronic, treatment-resistant the FDA cleared the study in April 2010, the monopoly held
PTSD, mostly from the Iraq, Afghanistan, or Vietnam wars, by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (a division
along with survivors of childhood sexual abuse, assault, rape, of HHS) on the supply of marijuana for medical research al-
and others. lows it to deny researchers permission to purchase marijuana
regardless of FDA clearance. We are now preparing a detailed
Connect
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Training Study response to the reviewers concerns, though the contradictory
Charleston, South Carolina and misinformed nature of their critiques reveals their basic
Total cost: $85,000 ($25,000 still needed) unwillingness to allow research into the possible beneficial
Clinical Investigators: Michael Mithoefer, M.D., uses of marijuana for suffering veterans. MAPS, in collaboration
with Professor Lyle Craker of the University of Massachusetts-
and Annie Mithoefer, B.S.N. Connect with MAPS
Amherst, the American Civil Liberties Union, and pro bono
This protocol is in healthy subjects, rather than in subjects Stay up-to-date with the latest media, events, and research news, and be a
support from prestigious Washington, D.C., law firm Covington
with PTSD. This protocol is a placebo-controlled, double-blind, part of the growing psychedelic and medical marijuana research community.
& Burling LLP, are also suing the Drug Enforcement Admin-
randomized, cross-over study in which we administer a single
istration in the First Circuit Court of Appeals for refusing to
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy session to up to 20 therapists as MAPS Website: www.maps.org
let us break the NIDA monopoly by starting our own medical
part of their training to conduct MAPS MDMA-assisted psy-
marijuana farm. If approved, this study would be the first clini-
chotherapy for PTSD studies, while also conducting a series of
cal outpatient study of marijuana for PTSD.
evaluations of the psychological effects of MDMA administered Monthly E-mail Newsletter: www.maps.org/newsletter
to healthy volunteers in a therapeutic context. This study has
full clearance both from the FDA and an independent Institu-
tional Review Board, and is now enrolling and treating subjects. Facebook: www.facebook.com/mapsmdma
Twitter: @MAPSNews
16 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 17
As MAPS 25th anniversary approaches, were a manuscript summarizing these results for have been in contact with almost 100 veterans interested in to move forward. We believe the Treatment Manual weve
happy to report that MAPS-sponsored MDMA submission to a medical journal. participating, and 30 out of 37 potentially qualified subjects created (with the help of Dr. June Ruse and others) conveys the
research is progressing in the US and other have passed the initial telephone screening. In addition to those essential elements of the therapy, while including enough flex-
countries and is gaining increasing acceptance Although the benefits of MDMA-assisted already enrolled, two more have passed in-person screening and ibility to support each participants unique healing process and
in the scientific community. psychotherapy lasted a year or more for most will be enrolled soon. each therapists particular skills and intuition. A consultant
participants in the original study, two of those psychologist who is an expert in manualized therapy has also
As we described a year ago in the Bulletin, the individuals who responded well initially While it is still too early to report results, we are pleased with reviewed our Treatment Manual, and has determined that it is
results of our first clinical trial of MDMA- eventually had symptoms return. We recently the way the study is progressing. We find it very gratifying to an effective manual for research purposes.
assisted psychotherapy for PTSD (MP-1) were received FDA, DEA, and Institutional Review work with these veterans whose lives have been so severely
published in the Journal of Psychopharmacol- Board (IRB) approval for a new protocol to affected by PTSD and who have In addition to our U.S. veterans
The treatment manual ogy in July 2010 (an online version can be
found at http://bit.ly/t3PSJZ). The paper
offer one additional MDMA-assisted session to
up to three people who experienced relapses
not been adequately helped by
treatments available at Veterans
and relapse studies, we have also
initiated a study in which en-
was subsequently chosen for review by the with symptom scores at or above the level Administration hospitals and rollment is limited to therapists
weve created... Faculty of 1000, an organization that identi- required for entry into the original study. We clinics. These men and women are who have completed our MDMA-
fies and evaluates the most important articles will begin this protocol in early 2012. acutely aware of the huge toll that assisted psychotherapy training
conveys the essential published in Medicine to recognize their PTSD exacts on veterans, and are program and who intend to work
scientific merit and positive contributionto Our current main focus is our ongoing study not only highly motivated to do as therapist/investigators in future
elements of the therapy, the medical literature. The reviews, writ- of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for veter- their own healing, but also very MAPS-sponsored clinical trials.
ten by prominent researchers from Emory ans with PTSD (A Randomized, Triple-Blind, interested in new treatment meth- Our therapist training protocol
while including enough University and the University of Chicago, were Phase 2 Pilot Study Comparing 3 Different ods that could eventually help is designed to gather information
both favorable: one rated the paper as a must Doses of MDMA in Conjunction with Manu- their fellow veterans. We are also about the psychological effects of
flexibility to support read. The Journal of Psychopharmacology also
informed us that ours was the most frequently
alized Psychotherapy in 16 Veterans with
Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder). These
enjoying working with a fourth-
year psychiatry resident from
MDMA in healthy volunteers in a
therapeutic setting, adding to our
the Medical University of South knowledge of the effects of MDMA
each participants unique downloaded paper of 2010. are veterans who have PTSD stemming from
trauma during military service (either from Carolina who is getting credit for
Annie Mithoefer, B.S.N., and Michael Mithoefer, M.D.
in the context of clinical research.
In November 2010, Dr. Mithoefer was invited combat or from sexual trauma while serving spending one day a week working with us on the protocol. It will also provide an opportunity for therapists working in
healing process and by the American Medical Psychiatric Asso- in the military) and who have not responded clinical trials to have their own MDMA-assisted psychothera-
ciations journal Psychiatric Times to write an adequately to prior treatment with medications This and future MAPS studies of MDMA-assisted psycho- peutic experience (if they choose). We believe this experience
each therapists article about the future of MDMA in psychia- and/or psychotherapy. In this study, we are therapy for PTSD represent important scientific advances in is likely to expand therapists knowledge and practical skills
try. The article answered the question Does comparing three different doses of MDMA several ways. The first is that independent raters are watching and give them a more complete grasp of the study drug as
particular skills
MDMA Have a Role in Clinical Psychiatry? low, medium, and full doserather than videos of the study sessions and scoring them according to the experienced by research participants. One therapist has already
(Psychiatric Times, Vol. 28 No. 5) with a re- comparing full dose MDMA with an inactive manualized Adherence Measures that we have developed. This completed this protocol and another is scheduled to enroll in
and intuition. sounding yes: MDMA is likely to have an placebo as we did in our original study. This will enable us to evaluate whether both we and therapists in
other studies are adhering to the Treatment Manual (http://
December 2011.
increasingly important role, and much more design is intended to determine whether one
research is still required. of the lower doses could be an effective active www.maps.org/treatmentmanual) and using the same psycho- MAPS clinical MDMA research program has definitely picked
placebo, making the subjects and investigators therapeutic approach with each subject regardless of which dose up speed in recent years. As we continue our research in
We have also now completed a long-term less likely to guess correctly which dose has of MDMA is administered. Highly qualified volunteers (psy- Charleston, we have made exciting progress by collaborating
follow-up of participants in our original been administered. Those who receive either a chiatrists, psychologists, and graduate students whom we have with teams in other countries and other parts of the U.S. Dr.
flagship study. Our analysis shows that the low or medium dose in the first three sessions trained) are rating the sessions in the ongoing veterans study Peter Oehen and his wife Verena Widmer in Switzerland have
substantial benefits resulting from MDMA- are eligible to enroll in a second open-label and will also be doing so for other studies. now completed their own study of MDMA-assisted psychother-
assisted psychotherapy were sustained for most portion (Stage 2) in which they receive three apy for PTSD using a protocol similar to our U.S. flagship study,
participants from one to five years later (an full-dose MDMA-assisted psychotherapy ses- Another way we are working to ensure that the same therapeu- but using low-dose MDMA as an active placebo. Another study
average of 41 months). Dr. Mithoefer presented sions. tic approach is being used in all our studies is by developing a has been approved in Israel, and similar studies are nearing ap-
these long-term results at the 2010 meeting training program for additional independent raters, as well as proval in Vancouver and Jordan, while other protocols are being
of the American Psychological Association in Thus far, we have enrolled five participants continuing our existing training program for therapists work- planned in Australia, Colorado, and (possibly) England. At the
San Diego and the International Society for in our U.S. veterans study: two women with ing in other MAPS clinical trials. Although manualizing our 25-year mark, our progress is accelerating fast. Although theres
Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) meeting in military sexual trauma, and two men and largely non-directive approach to MDMA-assisted psychother- still a great deal to be done, now theres no question that it can
Montreal. We are now nearing completion of one woman with combat related trauma. We apy has been a challenge, doing so is necessary for the research be accomplished.
18 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 19
The primary goal of MAPS clinical development plan is to provide in other countries are able to ask participants MAPS newly established Adherence Criteria
CAPS interview questions in a consistent way. Workgroup will address growing need for
evidence for the safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for Without this, Independent Raters would need accurate assessments of therapist adherence
chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. Our clinical trials aim to show that to translate the interview questions on the to our treatment method. This workgroup,
spot for each participant, creating inconsisten- which includes Linnae Ponte, B.S., Berra Yazar-
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy treatment is effective by achieving results cies in the way the interview is conducted. To Klosinski, Ph.D. and Katie Hendy, M.A., will
that are measurable and reproducible as well as clinically and statistically date, we have translated the CAPS into both develop an Adherence Criteria rating program
Hebrew and Arabic. Recognizing the utility and associated training materials. This will
significant. Achieving reproducible results across clinical studies requires allow MAPS to continually monitor the effec-
of these translations, the National Center for
us to standardize both our treatment methods and how we measure reduc- PTSD has requested that we share the transla- tiveness of our standardization techniques for
tion in PTSD symptoms following therapy. tions with them. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. In addition to
conducting ratings across multiple studies, the
amy@maps.org Our ongoing efforts to standardize MDMA- Adherence Criteria Workgroup will also train
Standardized methods enable us to compare data across study sites, thera- assisted psychotherapy treatment include the additional raters on how to assess adherence to
development of a Treatment Manual for con- our methodology.
pist teams, and subject populations, enhancing the reliability and accuracy ducting MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (www.
of our results. MAPS has made significant progress in the area of stan- maps.org/treatmentmanual). Much of the By standardizing our therapeutic method, mea-
work involved in creating this document was surements of PTSD severity, and the methods
dardization through the development of manuals, training programs, and done concurrently with our completed flag- by which we assess adherence to the Treat-
criteria for evaluating adherence to the methods used in our international ship Phase 2 pilot study in Charleston, South ment Manual, we hope to minimize variation
Carolina, by Michael Mithoefer, M.D., Rick across multiple Phase 2 pilot studies in prepa-
trials. Our new standardization programs are making it feasible to effec- Doblin, Ph.D., Lisa Jerome, Ph.D., June May ration for a meta-analysis of our Phase 2 data.
tively train new generations of therapists and Independent Raters on our Ruse, Psy.D., and Elizabeth Gibson, M.S. This Standardization is a crucial step before we
detailed manual provides therapists conducting move on to the larger Phase 3 studies required
treatment and scientific methods for federal approval of MDMA-assisted psycho-
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with standard-
berra@maps.org ized methods to ensure that each participant in therapy as a legal treatment for PTSD.
The principle measure we use to assess the tutorials of CAPS interviews, two supplied by our trials receives a similar treatment during
effectiveness of our MDMA-assisted psycho- the VA and the rest created from actual CAPS each experimental session. In addition to pro-
therapy treatment is the Clinician-Admin- interviews with subjects enrolled in one of viding training to clinical trial investigators,
istered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Clinicians and MAPS clinical studies. Although the VA cur- seminars on the Treatment Manual have been
therapists worldwide use the CAPS to evaluate rently can only offer training on the CAPS to an integral part of public workshops conducted
the severity of PTSD symptoms. Each of our VA employees due to recent budget cuts, they at MAPS events.
clinical studies employs an Independent Rater have agreed to share the material with us. We
not involved with the actual MDMA-assisted have supplemented the VA training materi- Defining our treatment methodology is as
psychotherapy sessions. These Independent als with additional instructions and videos to important as creating predefined criteria to
Raters do not know which treatment a partici- provide consistent training to all Independent evaluate how well therapists adhere to it. In
pant receives during therapy (whether they Raters working on MAPS studies. MAPS clinical studies, this is accomplished by
received MDMA or placebo, high dose or low assessing videos of actual MDMA-assisted psy-
dose) and only sees the participant when it is Another way were working to standardize chotherapy sessions to evaluate whether thera-
time to measure PTSD symptoms. CAPS assessment across our international pists understood and followed the methodol-
sites is by providing certified translations of ogy defined in the Treatment Manual. We are
In order to ensure that PTSD symptoms are CAPS interview questions in subjects native currently using these adherence criteria to rate
measured consistently we have created a CAPS languages. The process of creating a certified videos of therapy sessions from our ongoing
Training Manual for Independent Raters translation includes an original translation study of U.S. veterans and our recently com-
conducting the CAPS interviews in our PTSD followed by back-translation into English to pleted Swiss study. This same rating procedure
studies, based on materials provided by the ensure that the meaning of the questions is will also be completed in all future studies to
U.S. Veterans Administration (VA). The CAPS preserved. By providing an official transla- ensure adherence to the therapy manual across
Training Manual is supplemented by video tion, we can ensure that Independent Raters sites and therapist teams.
20 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 21
For the past 27 years, it has been my personal and professional passion recognition of their situation as their own and feelings are powerful tools that can help allevi-
the possibilities for growth and healing out of ate PTSD symptoms, and each plays a role in
to advocate for government approval of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy that situation. MAPS treatment method. Unfortunately, these
for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I have looked common therapies are proven to have limited
Another benefit of MDMA for therapeutic effectiveness.
forward to working as a clinician in a U.S. study since 1999, when I served
as one of the co-therapists in an MDMA-assisted psychotherapy study in
work is its role in facilitating self-acceptance.
Since PTSD is the result of something being The goal of MAPS research is to increase our
My hope
done to the individual (either directly or indi- understanding of PTSD treatment in order to
Spain. In the next few months, I will begin leading a new MAPS-spon-
rectly) it is easy for the person to identify as a improve the lives of those suffering from this in working with trauma
sored study of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in Boulder, Colorado. victim. Helping the client realize that they are disorder.
not to blame for their trauma is a major goal of is that through enhanced
Before the criminalization of MDMA and its placement as a Schedule I psychotherapy for PTSD. The paradox of this The planned intern study to take place in
drug in 1985, I myself benefited from MDMA-assisted psychotherapy approach is that if one is not to blame, someone Colorado, will include 12 subjects with chron- awareness, we can
else isreinforcing the sense of victimization. ic, treatment-resistant PTSD. This will be the
motalorag@comcast.net which helped restore my shattered trust, and allowed me to reclaim my Self-acceptance eliminates the need to blame first study using internsstudents in training remember what was
sense of self-worth. This powerful experience led me to pursue a career or be blamed, creating the opportunity for to be mental health practitionersas part of
in psychotherapy, and to advocate for the value of MDMA as a medicine
positive growth. the therapeutic process. The study builds on forgotten in the darkness
previous research by using two co-therapist
in the treatment of PTSD. By experiencing self-acceptance during an MD- teams rather than one, each comprised of an
of despair: that at our
MA-assisted psychotherapy session (sometimes experienced clinician and a graduate-level
for the first time), clients can view their feel- intern.
After working with trauma for many years, I PTSD frequently robs the individual of the ings from a different perspective, understand core we are worthy and
observed that one of the greatest challenges ability to grieve. The meaning of the Greek their origin, and begin seeing trauma through In addition to adding to our knowledge of the
for people with PTSD is their distorted sense word for trauma is to wound. A constantly the lens of growth rather than victimization. risks and benefits of MDMA-assisted psycho- free of blame, that the
of self. Repeated exposure to painful memories aggravated wound has little chance to heal. By virtue of MDMAs ability to allow the client therapy in the treatment of PTSD, the intern
reinforces the individuals sense that he or she
is a victim, and the corresponding experi-
When a loved one (or even a part of our-
selves) dies the pain continues until we accept
to stay emotionally present without getting study will be a training opportunity for stu- world has meaning,
overwhelmed (a necessary combination and a dents with a professional interest in exploring
ence of guilt and shame produces additional
feelings of unworthiness. MDMA-assisted
our lossonly then can we begin to grieve.
Though difficult, the process of grieving
useful advantage in the treatment of PTSD), new treatment modalities for trauma. Interns and that there is
integration of the experience can be obtained will have the unique opportunity to participate
psychotherapy offers a new perspective for comes with a sense of movement, and progress
potential for growth
more successfully. in an innovative therapeutic process, and will
working with these destructive symptoms. towards healing. This movement is the begin-
learn standards for conducting human trials.
Specifically, in the context of therapy MDMA ning of transformation.
reduces fear while increasing feelings of self-
The most common treatments for PTSD try
to help clients change how they think about
Participation in the study is also an opportu-
nity for career development in a growing field,
in every situation.
acceptance and compassion for self and others. This was my experience with taking MDMA the trauma and its aftermath. Eye Movement and to complete hours towards professional
These benefits enable the client to see and ex- in a therapeutic setting. Up to that time, the Desensitization (EMDR) tries to build new licensing. Interns will learn about self-care for
perience the difference between the distorted traumatic memories that constantly invaded connections in the brain between traumatic therapists and how to work as a therapeutic
self produced by trauma and the accepting, my thoughts kept me stuck in pain; pain was memories and positive beliefs; Cognitive Be- team. We also anticipate that pairing students
compassionate, and worthy self within them. my identity. Because of MDMAs ability to havioral Therapy (CBT) teaches how to replace and trained therapists will be time-saving and
increase trust and compassion while reducing harmful thoughts and cope with difficult cost-effective.
PTSD often shatters ones faith in ones own fear, I was finally able to experience my loss memories; Prolonged Exposure (PE) targets
innate wisdom. My hope in working with and begin my grieving process. It was my own the trauma in a way that reduces fear about the My hope is that the upcoming intern study of
trauma is that through enhanced awareness, first glimpse at the possibility of recovery. memories; and medications, specifically SSRIs, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treat-
we can remember what was forgotten in the sometimes help with associated anxiety and ment of PTSD will improve the lives of people
darkness of despair: that at our core we are MDMAs ability to reduce fear can allow depression. with PTSD, provide a more cost-effective
worthy and free of blame, that the world people to explore their pain with trust and approach to conducting research, and bring
has meaning, and that there is potential for confidence. This enhanced trust and dimin- Managing harmful thoughts, learning coping MDMA-assisted psychotherapy even closer to
growth in every situation. ished fear creates a safe space in which the skills, and decreasing sensitivity to traumatic becoming a legal, effective treatment.
client can hold two perspectives at once: the
22 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 23
Trials and Tribulations: The study would explore much more than
whether marijuana makes PTSD sufferers feel
HHS are those attempting to secure govern-
ment funding, which MAPS is not requesting.
A Review of MAPS Medical Marijuana Research better. By comparing the effectiveness of five
strains with different ratios of tetrahydrocan-
On the other hand, NIDAs mission state-
ment explicitly states that they are dedicated
nabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), the to studying the adverse effects of drugs on
study would help identify which strains work society, which they claim precludes them from
By Stephen Morseman best for easing symptoms of PTSD. Addition- providing cannabis to studies into their possi-
ally, by comparing the effects of smoked versus ble beneficial uses. NIDAs monopoly therefore
vaporized marijuana, the study would contrib- creates a situation that is inherently hostile to
ute to the available scientific data about which medical marijuana research.
delivery systems are safest and most effective.
The varying levels of potency in the protocol Reviewers from NIDA and the PHS unani-
include a placebo (containing 0% THC and 0% mously rejected MAPS protocol on September
For the past twenty-five years, MAPS has been at the forefront of mari- CBD), as well as strains composed of 2%, 6%, 16, 2011. The reviewers based their rejection
and 12% THC; and a final strain composed of on what they claimed to be a lack of researcher
juana research. Despite the setbacks that its medical marijuana research 6% THC and 6% CBD. The study will be con- expertise in dealing with PTSD, the difficulty
protocol has encountered, its important to consider the ways that MAPS ducted on an outpatient basis with individuals of comparing the effectiveness of marijuana
has pushed the envelope by bringing the need for marijuana research to using up to two marijuana cigarettes a day (or across subjects, assorted safety concerns that
the equivalent in a vaporized form) on a self- had already been addressed in MAPS earlier
the awareness of the broader culture. titration basis, where they decide the appropri- negotiations with the FDA, and other details
ate dose for symptom relief. of study design. Many of these concerns are
contradictory and unwarranted, especially
MAPS has been working for the past two years to get government ap- MAPS efforts to start the study were initially given the fact that it is the FDAnot NIDA
proval to conduct a study with Dr. Sue Sisley at the University of Arizona delayed following the FDAs concerns that the that is charged with determining the effective-
smorseman@gmail.com on the safety and effects of smoked or vaporized marijuana on 50 U.S. marijuana used in the study would be diverted ness of proposed drug development studies.
or sold for non-study uses. This concern was While NIDA and the PHS play a major role in
veterans with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder mainly due to the outpatient nature of the determining which studies receive government
(PTSD). The protocol has consistently taken two steps forward and one protocol. After hosting a teleconference with funds, its clear that their only purpose when
step back because of the obstructionist tactics of two federal agencies the FDA, MAPS successfully addressed the it comes to marijuana research is to prevent it
agencys concerns. MAPS submitted its revised from happening.
NIDA and the DEA. A redundant research review process and a stalwart protocol on March 15, 2011, and on April
marijuana monopoly have left the new study tangled up in red tape. received word that the FDA was allowing the MAPS has attempted to overcome the hurdle of
study to proceed. NIDAs monopoly by appealing to the Drug En-
forcement Administration (DEA) for a license
The study is extremely timely and relevant cope with the often-debilitating symptoms of
Despite the fact that the FDA is the federal to grow marijuana at a privately-operated
given the ineffectiveness of treatment options PTSD, such as anxiety, depression, nightmares,
agency responsible for the development of new farm. MAPS has advocated for Dr. Lyle Craker
currently available for veterans returning from and insomnia. Many of these patients have
pharmaceutical drugs, MAPS then had to sub- of the University of Massachusetts-Amherst to
Iraq and Afghanistan with PTSD. At pres- told their doctors that the primary reason
mit the protocol to the Department of Health be granted an additional DEA license to cul-
ent, available PTSD treatments are limited to they are seeking to use medical marijuana is
and Human Services (HHS), to be reviewed tivate marijuana for FDA approved studies for
several psychological counseling options and a to treat their PTSD. The perceived benefit that
by the National Institute on Drug Abuse over a decade (see next article in this Bulletin).
handful of pharmaceutical drugs. According to these individuals see from marijuana in treat-
(NIDA) and the Public Health Service (PHS), If this legal avenue eventually proves effec-
the Defense Centers of Excellence, a military ing their condition provides a strong incentive
in order to secure marijuana for the study. The tive and MAPS finds a new source, Dr. Sisley
organization that studies the psychological for MAPS to dedicate resources to explor-
peculiar thing about this additional review will be able to proceed with the FDA-reviewed
health of service members, strictly pharmaco- ing whether marijuana really can help them
process is that the vast majority of drugs being protocol.
logical approaches to treating PTSD include achieve a better quality of life.
considered for clinical trials only need to pass
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
the review process with the FDA. After they It would be easy to get frustrated with the gov-
and other antidepressants. However, the or- In November 2010, in order to investigate
receive approval for their studies they are then ernments tactics, but my time working with
ganization acknowledges that neither conven- medical marijuana patients claims that mari-
able to obtain a private source of the drug and MAPS has shown me that if any organization
tional psychotherapy nor currently available juana provides relief from their debilitating
can begin the protocol. However, there is cur- can overcome these obstacles, they can. MAPS
pharmaceuticals can completely ameliorate condition, MAPS submitted an Investigational
rently a monopoly on the source of marijuana is composed of some of the most dedicated
the symptoms of those suffering from PTSD. New Drug application for marijuana to the
for FDA approved studies that is administered individuals, both scientists and activists, that
Instead, they propose alternative (though not Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This
by NIDA. This supply monopoly only exists for I have had the pleasure of encountering and I
FDA-approved) treatment options such as was the first step in a complicated bureaucratic
marijuana, and not for any other Schedule I am proud to be a part of their legacy. I can say
acupuncture, yoga, and dietary supplements to process to gain approval for the study. MAPS
controlled substances. with confidence that MAPS drive to improve
lessen the effects of PTSD. outlined a protocol for a placebo-controlled,
the quality of life of those suffering from PTSD
triple-blind, randomized crossover pilot study
This additional review process allows the gov- and other ailments is leading to a more just
One of the best ways to help veterans is to lis- of the safety and efficacy of five different
ernment to reject studies examining marijuana society, for it is only through the application of
ten to what they already know about the treat- potencies of smoked or vaporized marijuana in
even after they have obtained clearance from science that we can depoliticize this issue and
ments that work best for them. There are very 50 veterans with chronic, treatment-resistant
the FDA. The reason for this is twofold. On find the most effective routes for treatment.
many individuals in states that allow medical posttraumatic stress disorder.
one hand, the only proposals aside from those
marijuana who have found that it helps them
involving marijuana that must be submitted to
24 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 25
At a telling moment during the oral argument before the U.S. Supreme and Ted Kennedy sent letters to the DEA sup- Even after more than a decade, Crakers case
porting Crakers application. Forty-five other remains crucially important to the fight for
Court in Angel Raichs 2005 case, Justice Stephen Breyer leaned over the members of Congress from around the country legal medical marijuana. Crakers supporters
bench and peered down at Raichs attorney. If marijuana is such an im- also signed onto a letter from Representatives have always believed, and continue to believe,
John Olver and Dana Rohrabacher urging that if the politics of obstruction can be over-
portant medicine, Breyer wanted to know, why dont medical marijuana then-DEA head Karen Tandy to accept the ALJ come, then science will carry the day. In the
patients and those who advocate for them simply take it through the recommendation to license Crakers facility. meantime, seventeen states plus the District
FDA approval process? Wouldnt that be the most efficient way to make The congressional sign-on letter quoted one of Columbia have now passed laws permitting
of Tandys predecessors, Robert Bonner, who medical marijuana, and the federal govern-
marijuana into a legal medicine? And since that had not been done, asked once said, Those who insist that marijuana ment continues to rattle its sabre, threatening
ahopper@aclunc.org Breyer, Dont I have to take this case on the assumption that there is no has medical uses would serve society better and bullying patients and those who provide
such thing as medical marijuana thats special and necessary? by promoting or sponsoring more legitimate marijuana to them.
scientific research, rather than throwing their
time, money, and rhetoric into lobbying public As Justice Breyer said during the 2005 Raich
As one of the attorneys representing Professor Lyle Craker in proceedings relations campaigns and perennial litigation. proceedings, medicine by regulation is better
before the DEA, I didnt know whether to laugh or cry. Craker was apply- The opinion of the ALJ and the pleas of Con- than medicine by referendum. If the DEA and
gress fell upon deaf ears. NIDA will stop obstructing the research and
ing for an application to be permitted to grow twenty-five pounds of mari- let the FDA do its job and review the evidence,
juana at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst for research intended to After nearly two more years of delay, on the marijuana will be approved as a medicine.
eve of President Obamas inauguration, then- More to come
take marijuana through the FDA approval process. At that point, Crakers acting DEA chief Michelle Leonhart formally
application had been languishing for over three years with no action by rejected the ALJ recommendation. However,
the DEA (unless ones counts the DEA claiming to have lost the application Leonharts order was founded on informa-
tion that had not been presented as part of
and demanding that it be re-filed an action).
the DEAs evidence before the ALJ, providing
further arguments for Crakers legal team to
seek reconsideration and an opportunity to Crakers supporters
The Court ultimately ruled against Ms. Raich. to marijuana. For this reason, despite the hun- respond to this new evidence. On August 15,
Less than two weeks after Judge Breyer asked
his question, the DEA formally denied Crakers
dreds of pounds of marijuana locked in deep-
freeze at the University of Mississippi, where
2011more than a decade after Craker first have always believed,
filed his applicationthe DEA issued its Final
application, finally giving us a chance to
demand a hearing before an administrative
NIDA stores its marijuana stock, the ALJ found
the current marijuana supply inadequate.
Order formally denying the application. and continue to believe,
law judge (ALJ). Our hearing commenced The ALJ also found there was no danger of the
in December 2005, and involved ten days of marijuana grown by Craker being diverted
Undauntedwell, maybe a little daunted, but
not surrenderingProfessor Craker fights
that if the politics of obstruction
competing witnesses over the course of several for illegal (non-research) purposes and that
on. With the help of MAPS, the prestigious
months. In February 2007, the ALJ issued her Crakers proposed facility would not violate law firm Covington & Burling has agreed to can be overcome, then
80-page opinion. Remarkably detailed and international treaties. The U.S. is a signatory represent Craker pro bono in the U.S. Court
thorough, the opinion was a resounding vindi- to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of of Appeals for the First Circuit. Covington & science will carry the day.
cation of our legal arguments and a rejection of 1961, which places restrictions on the produc- Burling, with continued assistance from the
those presented by the DEA. tion and distribution of marijuana by member American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of
countries. Northern California and the ACLU of Mas-
The ALJ found that granting Crakers ap- sachusetts, is now preparing Crakers opening
plication was in the public interest because Unfortunately, an ALJ decision is not binding brief to appeal the DEAs final order. Briefing
(among other reasons) the current system in under the rules of administrative agency law; will likely be completed and the case argued
which NIDA is the sole provider of marijuana it is instead considered a recommendation sometime in 2012.
to medical researchers has repeatedly allowed to the head of the agencyin this case, to the
the agency to block FDA-reviewed research Administrator of the DEA. In response to the
projects by refusing to grant researchers access decision, Massachusetts Senators John Kerry
26 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 27
Stanislav and Christina Grof: greatly expanded our view of human con-
sciousness.
individual unconscious. Grof proposed that the
traditional model be expanded to include two
Cartographers of the Psyche Over the course of his career Grof conducted
additional levels of the psyche: the perina-
tal (involving the process of birth) and the
more than four thousand individual psyche- transpersonal (involving relationships beyond
delic sessions, so developing both a personal the self).
By Mason Schreck and professional understanding of psychedel-
ics as nonspecific amplifiers of the human As Grofs patients underwent repeated ses-
psyche and tools for unveiling deep aspects of sions they traversed a set of what he saw as
personhood. Believing that psychedelics, used clearly distinct experiential states. These states
responsibly and with proper caution, would be reiterated sequences from the individuals own
for psychiatry what the microscope is to the gestation and birth. Through the vehicle of the
study of biology and medicine or the telescope non-ordinary state, one could re-experience
While struggling to envision a psychotherapy that would afford greater for astronomy, he dispelled the initial view and work through early pre- and perinatal ex-
that these profound states of consciousness periences and traumas. This discovery lead to
therapeutic benefit to his psychiatric patients, Dr. Stanislav Grof had a were reducible to psychotomimetic occur- the development of perinatal psychology and
chance encounter with an experimental substance from the Swiss phar- rences. [4] the recognition that these primary experiences
maceutical designer Sandoz. This exciting and mysterious molecule was impact human development into adulthood.
The impression
LSD-25. that the LSD state Another major
was just a simple theoretical contri-
break with real- bution from Grofs
At the time it was thought that, due to its unique ability to radically shift ity was reinforced work with psy-
human consciousness, experiential observations of the LSD state might by the dramatic chedelics has been
offer clinicians new insights into the symptomatology of psychoses and emotions, vivid the recognition of
changes in percep- transpersonal phe-
schizophrenia. Led by his desire to know more intimately the inner life of tion, and psycho- nomena. Transper-
mason_schreck@yahoo.com his patients and to develop new treatment protocols, Grof opted to receive motor excitement sonal experiences,
psychedelic training in experimental psychoses induced by LSD. The nu- evoked by LSD. meaning experi-
These behaviors ences that go be-
minous visions that emerged from this initial experience redirected Grofs stood in sharp con- yond the solitary
professional career and forever altered both psychiatry and psychology. [1] trast to the rela- self, were seen as
tively rigid state of unique manifesta-
psychotherapy that tions of conscious-
Following this early encounter with LSD, Grof Abraham Maslow, the founder of humanistic encouraged civil Christina and Stanislav Grof ness not under-
noted that for him, human consciousness was psychology, noted that Grofs work is one of erudition and rigid free-association. From the standable through mainstream psychology or
immediately the most compelling subject of the most important contributors to personality perspective of mainstream psychiatry, the in- materialism: they surpass personal boundaries,
study. [1] It demanded his attention. He went theory. [2] The preeminent religious scholar tense activity that emerged from non-ordinary as well as those of space and time. In Grofs
on to work in a psychedelic research program Huston Smith proclaimed Grof to be one of the states violated basic therapeutic principles. framework, phenomena such as out-of-body
at the Psychiatric Research Institute in Prague, most influential people of the 20th century. [3] Academic psychiatry and psychology were states and mystical experiences are natural and
Czechoslovakia, where he was a Principal In- limited to a model of the self informed only by normal aspects of human psychology. [4]
vestigator during the 1960s. He then served as Western academic psychology and psychiatry biology, postnatal life history, and the indi-
Chief of Psychiatric Research at the Maryland had been developed from experiences and ob- vidual unconscious. [4] The new field of Transpersonal Psychology
Psychiatric Research Center and as Assistant servations derived from ordinary (rather than entailed a new approach to psychotherapy that
Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins non-ordinary) states of consciousness. With Grofs observations offered a new vision of con- emphasized the direct expression of intense
University School of Medicine in Baltimore, the exception of dreams, non-ordinary states sciousness and human psychology. It became emotions, deep regression, and the release of
Maryland. Later, he would become a Scholar- were (and often still are) seen as pathological clear that the unconscious material arising physical energiesjust as in Grofs psychedelic
in-Residence at Esalen Institute in Big Sur, conditions, and the goal of treatment was to spontaneously in the LSD state could more therapy sessions. Psychedelic states were seen
California. [2] suppress or eliminate them. The notions that fully explain numerous emotional and psycho- to be opportunities for greater psychospiritual
such states could have therapeutic value or somatic disorders. From this new perspective, wholeness and development, and for this rea-
In their 50 years of experience studying the could contribute to understanding the psyche it became possible to differentiate between cer- son were termed holotropic states (from the
healing potential of psychedelics and non- were largely beyond the scope of analysis. [4] tain forms of psychosis, discover more effective Greek holos, or whole, and trepain, for moving
ordinary states of consciousness, Stan and his mechanisms for healing and transformation, forward). [5] Psychedelic psychotherapy, with
wife Christina have contributed immeasurably It was in this restrictive milieu that Grof and develop new therapeutic techniques and its focus on helping patients create positive
to the fields of psychology and psychedelic conducted his first careful clinical observations strategies for self-exploration. relationships with their own profound and
medicine. and developed descriptions of non-ordinary transpersonal experiences, offered many pa-
states from thousands of psychedelic-assisted With this new perspective came a radically tients the possibility of dramatic emotional and
Through his work with psychedelics, Grof has psychotherapy sessions. [5] His synthesis of new theory of mind. Evidence from LSD psy- psychosomatic healing. [4]
redefined non-ordinary states of consciousness, these findings offered psychology not only a chotherapy sessions suggested that individu-
revolutionized our view of the human psyche, new vision of the therapeutic potential of the als were encountering realms of experience Following the criminalization of LSD, Stan
and ushered in a psychology of the future. psychedelics and non-ordinary states but also that lay beyond just personal biography and and his wife Christina worked to develop a
28 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 29
Aside from co-developing Holotropic Breath- [3] Grof, S. (2006). The ultimate journey: con-
work and its certificate training program, sciousness and the mystery of death. Ben Lomond,
Christina has advanced her own experiences CA: Multidisciplinary Association for Psyche-
and theoretical understanding of psychospiri- delic Studies. At this moment in history, the social sciences and humanities need to
tual development, in particular explaining and
developing the concept of spiritual emer-
work in concert with recent medical advances to address a subject that de-
[4] Grof, S (2008). LSD psychotherapy: The
gency. She notes that personal transforma- healing potential of psychedelic medicine. Ben fies standard disciplinary boundaries. I propose the inauguration of Psy-
tion can occasionally take the form of a crisis, Lomond, CA: Multidisciplinary Association for chedelic Studies as an interdisciplinary academic field, and I would like to
wherein effective therapy requires attention to Psychedelic Studies.
the transpersonal aspects of human experi- do this by building on lessons learned from the earlier academic revolution
ence. She founded the Spiritual Emergency [5] Battista, J., Chinen, A., & Scotton, B. (Edi- known as queer studies.
Network (SEN), a worldwide organization that tors)(1996). Textbook of transpersonal psychiatry
supports individuals encountering these chal- and psychology. (pp.75-84). New York: Basic
lenging experiences. [7] Due to pervasive cultural and legal taboos against psychedelics, I thought
Books.
my intellectual interests had to remain unspoken. It was only after I
Stan and Christina Grof have helped create nsenol@sas.upenn.edu
a more integrated psychology and enhanced
[6] Grof, C., & Grof, S. (2010). Holotropic found out about the scientific psychedelic renaissance that I realized there
breathwork: A new approach to self-exploration
our vision of human potential. Their work was a community of scholars working openly on these subjects. I decided
and therapy. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
with non-ordinary states of consciousness to plug in, and to come out of the closet. This is a common experience
has expanded the field of scientific study and
revealed the incredible healing potential of
[7] Grof, C., & Grof, S. (1989). Spiritual emer- among those who for the first time find a community where they can
gency: when personal transformation becomes a
psychedelic and holotropic experiences. The speak openly about their interests.
crisis. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam
worldwide renewal of interest in psyche-
delic research is the legacy of their own half
century of commitment to charting a new
cartography of the psyche. Scholar David M. Halperin defines queer as queering of identity and consciousness rela-
whatever is at odds with the normal, the le- tive to the norm, suggesting the importance of
gitimate, the dominant. Psychedelic culture is, working collectively to support the validity of
properly speaking, queer. Some may take issue all forms of identification.
with this connection, arguing that while queer
or alternative sexuality is an essential or natu- The time is ripe for a genuinely interdisciplin-
ral state the use of psychedelics for personal ary field of investigation into psychedelics
or therapeutic purposes is a choice. Some may and their correlative cultural roles to come to
also claim that queer culture is more demon- fruition. Scientific discourse, while serving
ized by society and the state than psychedelic a distinct and timely purpose, is by nature
culture, and that therefore queerness and psy- unable to exhaust the psychedelic question.
chedelics require distinct scholarly approaches. The findings of multiple fields and methodolo-
gies can be mutually informative, enriching
But these common reactions reveal a slip- the overall possibilities for the production of
pery slope: To claim that queer identity or knowledge. At a premier screening of DMT:
culture are somehow deeper or more essential The Spirit Molecule, pioneering psychedelic
to our humanity than psychedelic identity or researcher Dr. Rick Strassman remarked:
culture undermines the very rights that queer How to explicate the full meaningof the
theorists and activists want to promote. It is psychedelic experience? I think it has to be
counterproductive to argue that some forms as multidisciplinary a pursuit as possible, be-
of oppression are more egregious than others. cause the full psychedelic experience impacts
Is there not strong state and social repression on everythingit impacts on art, anthro-
against the use of or interest in psychedel- pology, music, religion, cosmology, physics,
ics? Many view their psychedelic identities, psychology, cognitive sciences, chemistry,
interests, or religious views as inherent to who everythingWe dont want to overextend one
they are. Queer studies is largely about the discipline at the expense of the other[s].
30 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 31
As visionary artist Alex Grey expressed during discourse pertains and responds to questions NOTES
the same event, Now, with the gifts of science of philosophy, creativity, imagination, religion, Garansuay, C. (Producer)
and scientific research, serious interest is again culture, and language. The crucial step now is & Schultz, M. (Director).
making it legally possible to discuss these mat- to bring these conversations into the open. (2010). DMT:The Spirit Mol-
ters. But this fortuitous resurgence of activity ecule [DVD]. United States:
and attention demands a chorus of new voices, One necessary component of this opening-up Warner Bros. Available at
new models, and new approaches. process involves developing critical rationales http://www.thespiritmol-
and precedents for investigating issues like ecule.com.
There is a growing community of younger multidimensionality within a mainstream
scholars who are actively focusing their academic conversation. Thought experiments, Halperin, D. M. (1997). Saint
academic work on this field. In January 2011, acknowledged as such, could be encouraged Foucault: Towards a Gay Hagi-
MAPS announced to attendees of their April rather than taboo. Dr. Strassman himself has ography. Oxford: Oxford UP.
2010 conference Psychedelic Science in the recognized how such experiments can be
21st Century that they would be sponsoring deeply intellectually valuable: The only ex- Strassman, R.W. Slawek,
a new listserv for graduate students actively planatory model that held itself out as the most W. Luna, L. E. & Frecska, E.
working or writing on some aspect of psy- intuitively satisfying, yet the most theoretically (2008). Inner Paths to Outer
chedelic culture, use, practice, or theory. This treacherous, involved assigning a parallel level Space:Journeys to Alien Worlds
announcement was significant both for psy- of reality to these [DMT] experiences. In other through Psychedelics and
chedelic studies in particular and for academia words, I engaged in a thought experiment. Other Spiritual Technologies.
at large, which aspires to but frequently falls ParkStreet: Rochester, VT.
short of realizing genuinely interdisciplinary If we are able to remain unattached to the par-
work. ticularities (and eccentricities) of such thought
experiments, they can help us to overcome
Exploring Psychedelic Healing:
My personal contribution to this movement
lies at the intersection of literature, philosophy,
the anachronistic privileging of what we can
see over what we cannot see. In the words
Three New Book Reviews by David Jay Brown
comparative religion, and art history, and I cite of Terence McKenna, I would prefer a kind
psychedelic philosopher Terence McKenna as of intellectual anarchy where whatever was
my immediate forebear. pragmatically applicable was brought to bear The Psychedelic Explorers Guide: Safe, in the blossoming field of psychedelic psycho-
on any situation; where belief was understood Therapeutic, and Sacred Journeys therapy research, as well as by outlaw shamans
In April 2011, I presented a paper on the as a self-limiting function. Alien intelligence James Fadiman, Ph.D. who defy government regulations to engage in
concept of hyperspace in the context of the and vine spirits are ideas that can be played Park Street Press, 2011, paperback, 338 pages, illegal forms of self-exploration. Anyone inter-
dimethyltryptamine (DMT) experience. Since with in ways that dont need to be universally $18.95 ested in the subject for educational purposes
the DMT experience is notoriously difficult agreed upon as true or real to have intellec- will find this book hard to put down. This
to integrate into the terms of mainstream tual significance. Ive been waiting years for someone with the comprehensive volume is simply overflow-
consensus reality, the emergent concept of proper qualifications to come along and write ing with rare, valuable, and well-organized
hyperspace has enabled participants in the Anthropology may be the key to opening up this book. Hands down, this is the very best information about how to get the most from a
field to articulate and co-create an alternative a space for psychedelic studies in the univer- guide that exists on how to prepare for a safe psychedelic experience.
worldview. In addition to its sociological func- sity, and may even be partly responsible for and therapeutic psychedelic journey, with posi-
tion, I discovered in researching the term that the resurgence of scientific interest in these tive psychological transformation as ones goal. Invaluable for dispelling the many myths and
its etymology has a rich and interdisciplinary substances. Strassman has pointed this out It is the most important book written on the misconceptions associated with this controver-
history. The term hyperspace emerged out of with exceptional clarity: Within traditional subject since The Psychedelic Experience Timo- sial subject, this jam-packed volume provides
the specialized context of mid-19th-century Western academic settings, anthropology is the thy Leary, Richard Alpert, and Ralph Metzners essential guidelines for the conduct of psy-
analytic geometry, and would subsequently cir- field that has focused attention on psychedelic classic adaptation of The Tibetan Book of the chedelic sessions, and presents little-known
culate extensively amongst avant-garde artistic plant use and the role of these plants in the Dead, which was published in 1964. techniques for using sub-perceptual doses to
and spiritualist circles. societies that use them. More than any other improve mental functioning, along with new
field, it has maintained the flame of interest in Before psychologist James Fadimans book, this information from surveys, clinical studies,
In the humanities and social sciences, estab- these plants and drugs over several hundred was a subject that desperately needed attention group sessions, and personal anecdotes. This
lishing a historical canon of artists who define years of Western suppression of all informa- by someone who really understands what psy- book is absolutely essential reading for anyone
their work as hyperspatial or interdimensional tion about them. chedelics can do to (and for) the human mind. interested in the subject.
creates a concrete context for further investiga- Fadiman reviews the necessary precautions
tions. It establishes and defines an aesthetic The fields of psychiatry, clinical psychology, and proper techniques for a beneficial journey Psychedelic Healing: The Promise of
tradition within which one can include artists and the neurosciences are bringing psychedel- in a straightforward manner. Drawing from Entheogens for Psychotherapy and
ranging from William Blake to the cubists to ics back into the modern Western imagination, his own personal experience as a psychedelic Spiritual Development
the visionary painters of the modern day. It and the social sciences can play a powerful role researcher, he presents the fascinating results Neal M. Goldsmith, Ph.D.
also provides a venue for discussing experienc- in this ongoing evolution. It is time for the aca- from his clinical studies into how psychedelics Healing Arts Press, 2011, paperback,
es that are related but external to the current demic iron curtain to fall. I hereby inaugurate can enhance creativity and improve problem- 236 pages, $16.95
reaches of direct scientific inquiry. The concept Psychedelic Studies as a post-disciplinary field. solving abilities, in the context of a clearly-
of hyperspatial art and experience is just one Let the games begin. explained guidebook. Psychedelic Healing is a wonderful summary
example of the manifold ways that psychedelic of what we have learned from psychedelic
The Psychedelic Explorers Guide can be used as a psychotherapy research, and of where the ex-
training and reference manual by professionals plosive renaissance with all these fascinating
32 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3 33
MAPS:
cal tools that would he was immensely in- WHO
enable them to create
more skillful expres-
spired by the numinous
quality and breath- WE
sions of the psyche-
delic experience and
taking visions of the
mothers realm, while ARE
alternative realities his paintings took on
Our mission is (1) to Rick Doblin, Ph.D., Michael Mithoefer, M.D., Annie Mithoefer, B.S.N., Valerie Mojeiko, Brian Brown, MAPS
and perspectives. a range of color he had Founder and Executive Clinical Investigator/ MDMA/PTSD Study Deputy Director, Development Associate
never tackled before. treat conditions for Director, earned his Medical Monitor is a Co-Investigator is a earned her B.A. from studied medical anthro-
which conventional Ph.D. in Public Policy from psychiatrist practicing in Registered Nurse who the California Institute pology and visual culture
Roberts association the Kennedy School of Charleston, SC, where he lives in Charleston, SC of Integral Studies. In at the University of
with MAPS and the On a spiritual level, he medicines provide Government at Harvard divides his time between where she divides her time her work with MAPS California, Santa Cruz
rest of the psychedelic experienced yet anoth- limited reliefsuch as University. Doblin was clinical research and between clinical research psychedelic harm where he researched social
also in Stan and Christina outpatient clinical practice and outpatient clinical reduction project, she prospects for psychedelics
research community er personal renaissance. posttraumatic stress Grofs first training group specializing in treating practice specializing in has trained over 200 using a community cen-
emerged through our Robert was diagnosed disorder (PTSD), pain, to receive certification as posttraumatic stress disorder treating posttraumatic stress volunteers with skills for tered approach.Brian is
with prostate cancer in a Holotropic Breathwork (PTSD) with an emphasis disorder (PTSD) with an helping people who are now developing MAPSs
mutual participation drug dependence, on experiential methods emphasis on experiential undergoing psychedelic membership base by
practitioner.
in their various events 2003, and doctors told anxiety and depression of psychotherapy. He methods of psychotherapy. emergencies. assisting with education
throughout the years. him he had just three is a certified Holotropic She is a certified Grof and outreach efforts.
associated with end-of- Breathwork Facilitator and Holotropic Breathwork
Weve crossed paths months to live. The Practitioner and is trained
life issuesby develop- trained in EMDR and Internal
many times with ayahuasca vine became Family Systems Therapy. in Hakomi Therapy.
ing psychedelics and
MAPS founder Rick one of his great allies
in cleansing his body marijuana into prescrip-
Doblin at celebrations
and community events and strengthening his tion medicines; (2) to
all over this planet. lifeline. His ayahuasca cure many thousands
Portrait of Albert Hofmann by Robert Venosa.
Our annual visits to experiences helped of people by building
Oil on canvas, 35x34, 2006.
Europe brought us to him sort his priorities, a network of clinics
Prints available at www.maps.org/venosa.
meet the good doc- to see what was most where treatments can
tor in Switzerland, and were always great essential at that point in his life, deepened his be provided; and (3) to
highlights in our life. It was Roberts distinct spiritual connections, and solidified his faith educate the public hon-
pleasure to created a special portrait of Dr. that there is continuation after death. Con- estly about the risks and Kynthia Brunette, Brad Burge, M.A., Director Shannon Clare, Amy Emerson, Clinical Ilsa Jerome, Research
Hofmann, which MAPS now uses as one of trary to the doctors predictions, he enjoyed Volunteer Coordinator of Communications, earned Receptionist, majored Program Manager, and Information
benefits of psychedelics has a B.A. in Political his B.A. in Communication in Cultural Anthropology earned her B.S. in Specialist, earned a Ph.D.
its cornerstone images connecting visionary another very active and full eight and a half Science, an M.S. in and Psychology from Stanford at the University of genetics and cell biology in psychology from the
and marijuana.
art and psychedelic research. years of life. Human Computer University in 2005 and his California, Santa Cruz from Washington University of Maryland.
If you can even Interaction, and a M.A. in Communication from and is now training in State University. She She helps MAPS and other
faintly imagine a cul- lifelong interest in the University of California, Integral Counseling has worked in clinical researchers design studies,
Venosas deep personal connections to the Thank you, Robert, for showing us all whats models of personality San Diego in 2009. His Psychology at the development and research gathers information on study
indigenous medicine community were a possible when were unafraid to hold true to tural reintegration of the and development. Her graduate work focused on California Institute for for the last 15 years in drugs by keeping abreast
use of psychedelics and interests have evolved the political, scientific, and Integral Studies (CIIS). the fields of immunology, of the current literature
blessing on many levels, facilitating both his what we believe in most. over the years into a cultural changes required She values curiosity, oncology, and in and discussion with other
spiritual and artistic growth. Artistically, the states of mind they fascination with the to make illicit drugs into communication, and vaccine development. researchers, creates and
engender, please join design of institutions, legitimate medicines. creating community. Amy has worked with maintains documents related
organizations, and MAPS as a volunteer to MAPS-supported studies,
MAPS in supporting the experiences that since 2003 facilitating and helps support the
expansion of scientific serve as vehicles for the development of the MAPS psychedelic literature
The role of the artist means belonging to a unique, knowledge in this area.
transpersonal growth. MDMA clinical program. bibliography.
exciting gang of outlaws. It will always be the explorers, Progress is possible with
the support of those who
artists, poets, curious intellectuals, musicians, and all the care enough to take
other existential samurai who are creatively courageous, individual and collective
action.
who desire to advance their yearnings for higher truth,
and who will take the leap of faith into the unknown. www.maps.org/donate
The art and architecture of every great, or minor, Josh Mojeiko, Director of Linnae Pont, Executive Brian Wallace, Director
Berra Yazar-Klosinski, Virginia Wright, Director
Finance and Information Clinical Research of Marketing and
and Clinical Research of Field Development, Associate, earned her
culture, was given its visual power through the Technology, earned Assistant, earned her BA studied neuroscience, Ph.D. in Molecular, Cell,
Development brings
his B.A. in Philosophy in Biological Psychology philosophy, and medical a wealth of fundraising
and Developmental experience to MAPS.Her
artist, and, in fact, culture itself has always been and Religion from New
College of Florida and is a
from New College of sociology at Cabrillo Biology from University firm Wright & Associates
Florida. Shes assisted data College and UC Santa Cruz. of California Santa Cruz,
chef, musician, poet, and collection and analysis has provided strategic
defined through the artists creativity. The artist 2011 Multidisciplinary Association
technologist. He immensely at University of South
Before coming to MAPS,
Brian was a naturalist,
where she also served as thinking, marketing, and
for Psychedelic Studies, Inc. [MAPS]
enjoys the depths of president of the Graduate fundraising services to
Floridas Cardiovascular outdoor educator, and
has always been the catalyst for change. MAPS, 309 Cedar Street, #2323, existential experience. Psychophysiology certified Wilderness-EMT.
Student Association. arts organizations and
Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA After attending Stanford cities throughout Northern
Laboratory, MOTE Marine Brian assists individual University, she worked
Robert Venosa Phone: +1 831-429-6362 Mammal Aquarium supporters in identifying as a Research Associate
California and Nevada.She
Fax: +1 831-429-6370 Psychophysical Laboratory, and cultivating their own received her B.A. in
with Geron Corporation International Relations
E-mail: askmaps@maps.org East-West College of capacity to give. He also and Millennium
www.maps.org Natural Medicine, and the coordinates artist relations from San Francisco State
Pharmaceuticals. University, and her M.B.A.
West Mamprusi Civic Union and artwork sales.
in Ghana, West Africa. from Santa Clara University.
36 maps bulletin volume xxi number 3
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Ayahuasca Religions: A Bibliography & Critical Essays by Beatriz Caiuby Labate, Isabel Santana de Rose,
& Rafael Guimares dos Santos, translated by Matthew Meyer, 160 pgs, $11.95
Ecstasy: The Complete Guide edited by Julie Holland, M.D., 464 pgs, $19.95
Higher Wisdom edited by Roger Walsh, M.D., and Charles Grob, M.D., 267 pgs, $24.95
Honor Thy Daughter by Marilyn Howell, Ed.D., 208 pgs, $16.95
Ibogaine: Rite of Passage DVD $20.00
Ketamine: Dreams and Realities by Karl Jansen, M.D., Ph.D., 355 pgs, $14.95
LSD: My Problem Child (4th Edition: Reflections on Sacred Drugs, Mysticism, and Science)
by Albert Hofmann, Ph.D., 224 pgs, $15.95
LSD: My Problem Child documentary DVD with Albert Hofmann, Ph.D., $25.00
LSD Psychotherapy by Stanislav Grof, M.D., Ph.D., 374 pgs, 40 pgs of color plates, $19.95
The Pot Book (Special MAPS Edition) edited by Julie Holland, M.D., 576 pgs, $19.95
The Psilocybin Solution: The Role of Sacred Mushrooms in the Quest for Meaning
by Simon G. Powell, 288 pgs, $18.95
Psychedelic Healing: The Promise of Entheogens for Psychotherapy and Spiritual Development
by Neal M. Goldsmith, Ph.D., 256 pgs, $16.95
The Psychedelic Explorers Guide: Safe, Therapeutic, and Sacred Journeys
by James Fadiman, Ph.D., 352 pgs, $18.95
The Psychedelic Journey of Marlene Dobkin de Rios: 45 Years with Shamans, Ayahuasqueros,
and Ethnobotanists by Marlene Dobkin de Rios, 216 pgs, $16.95
The Secret Chief Revealed: Conversations with a Pioneer of the Underground Psychedelic Therapy
Movement by Myron J. Stolaroff, 176 pgs, $12.95
The Ultimate Journey: Consciousness and the Mystery of Death by Stanislav Grof, M.D., Ph.D., 356 pgs, $19.95
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