Tif me png hn retin ct eno rook cepanr of the goers parton frelon sd pla Scie S'S pe Sr urns cae hee ein ni a itn ic hy Se ping can encuentra ae eran flr tok ne generat tas mc att ot sate he monary beng sed brcding sound fr poe diene ad, of oar tresstance fae ad cue Prodi rep te, defor om sad a : in uocerin a preiros snes ne pose wo pret hw famous wl pond to are vgn of the Tet Gren, parkas wo et ose of Chin The Chics presents ste pe n/n meno gon om ie polis ace sew platen enya gt ot rely ‘eso the idanestal confi of maya rep betes poise ap ‘oes ther ego iyi, sanganaraquat any ne mmorcren oY ovat cae orm tts CODE, THREE Re-membering the Dismembered Body of Tibet Contemporary Tibton Visionary Movements inthe People’s Republic of China Dis Grane [RODIES, BURIAL, AND RENEWAL “We nw ow that religious Tibet experienced devsaing materi oe ding the ped of Chinese conta or 1939 award proces hat gradually ntes- ‘odant the eamincng ong af vene that constr the Cala Ree Son (6676, In aon othe many bodes of Tibetans arc othe eo- Hn chao agenda, the boy of ‘Tibet hel was sgped of tx web of pay, senples, and ctr archtecral marker and even the memoria of her ESE caves proves and mouse were at tines eaated hong te human fous! Wooden and teale bodies of Bada, bhi, ad lamas sate ‘wikia hve edences were extojed shipped in amazing quanto he etisadcu sf Hong Kong and euewbes often 9 reappear n mses and ‘te clean a Bop ad Aeris io deniated form as art dealers ep ‘ean nevior of the sacred conten that ie then i Fall he immense CRASS Fagou tox comsinging th teeing bodies not only ofthe Bad! telbs a he ind Tolan ad bean eaters wo followed in his oop (pueda, Tu he bovis of eelgos Tibet were tried and eared Ie tdpe tnt fo a tre decde pet which rested inthe itr] don Seundonaf amen ization. The erie was nto Bowers for notony ‘Sor cena erent Tibet eligosty preserved in memories a eo- UISts bod within te individ bode of Tibetan sn even pally i> eee where betas conned wo race Buddies throughout the ‘fear Tans alo conceal inthe earth of Tet an uxown quo ‘ethane ous satiny and plting amocated ital es and rot impor tant the erry corpus of Buin. Wh the end of dhe Calta Reon Vgytanddhe godin emsingof reeds egos xeon tebe cera ion clsre hve slowly been recente and brought tothe BgJ DAVID GERMAN 6f day. Teens be pla npr the epi of em Pebuiing udp pring bash xed in Tess then ofthe ‘utara Resin, aswel inthe eat expe grow nh ri Jnernto a sng th a ue here es phenrenon tha wold ie canine parca Now Tibetan ed Ti eben “ety ing tba mate dase! bode nd recone some te lee cng pret et et an sient Tit cet burying rious rif in sheen nthe ie of pension sna cern hte oe es ail aap of red eps eget hoe The pet Tan er Fie (event nth cent bh rested Bana ain slg, ena octet inthe mith ceury when the taper Lng (8540) nue enerton of thaws Boschi, edna a to ‘unin ahs sano y+ Boshi ole Daring he eng kp fd fel and materi deny pene hat egos acs ela sss ars wee pupa conned ce vale he che, ethers wee prema ar gon inches eared among ener ‘eon of op Th lowing essai sd atl rena inn ithe te tu entay pred» wiped intere necting ee im tempi part ou ofthe Teter pray among te Sona wo rel conte eae toner op ‘evi impor Int neg" Anon tse eas he sea need inci comin of Tan But ety prac tht pede idea spars ido he ee ocean i Ses nthe cnouncof the elearning dies though paren seats The yi ne spr kaw Teor wear were dt ‘edto ven coreplay a mya rng thera pod ia Tet? bd and bay of Tie tel thesk of fn enc Sons Within the Nyaa uote ey Egret Tec came noe ary reamie maven i eastern Tibethy mean ofthe wey of max prt rent proponent, Khenp phim, who repre on of the ost aman is tibia endurance and sual Ugh the Cura Remaion, and cia pre is cantemporary marivasons wil the weasue adn’ inital parane- (tevin eet to cencey Tie Tn doing, highlight ways wich Contemporary Tibetans ha bee able wo maniplte er Bade ps in ‘Sonia wih oder oo be capable of generating innovation nd renee 1H CENTRIPETAL NATURE OF RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN GOLOK ter 8 perenne prt rego we len SrctE Repco Chm ene reo an ice cll The tage tenes he omemparary pes eStats utenons Regn Sr nd rein sang er De ac bee Bua psn ere cence sepsis my fhe te yet nd cat cat ages ap omc nee: (Ses icons matey anes eee eerie eo st pan pe ww rhe es i wl sac the De No eden Kacy ie jon snd eset pa “niente conn Cine ar pati eee eater en elnpeenint ee oe a ace oem eg hind ote sae lynne ecient Ten cmb Fee eng th moni eee inn lng ti aaa Aca cig chen et Re ne rae Sai an oer gms fear i a somes wo be in i oe ser en cnt ern oot ec of Se eo ute tsa in ae el expe 0 a anomie rain alewins Dee Se sen amt tap nani, pn a8 Oe “tnt nef teas yee a ied ey heaton ly Sy eam nal peony of cen CA ee rao tf tery Tet See cl estncorcasel asa opto hg2 DAVID GxaaNo vast anécape with immense geographic barley, were dus rilorced to he pola of dinterason bythe Calera Revotion. This dcetering of rigs Sdenty fen rel ac present, in emotional ene beiag diverted outwardly in two dicesons i parelay not rendered alngethe to Chinese ‘utes the novalgal remembered pastor the ect enn of relge com ‘ies in South A “Aint ths aco, bloreproceing dep into he penomenen of Te, ‘ve wl begin oking yas parca ene felis evil of Nyingu {eadhins in eotmporry Tibet My comments ar ised on scar ing extesed suai gg0~ga ia Khar and Cental Tet, ow posal clas Sod a Sichuan and he Tibetan Antonomows Region respocty a wel om contemporary bgographiss For nat of thi ine Iwas earn etl a ontemplave ude ofthe Great Palen (ogra) avr of rele Fou communis belonging th Nyingra sit of Tien Bais, My own ‘experince sugges that Tibetan religous commune in Sichuan af santa les coerenely contri by Chinese pola autores than ze thei conte pars in the Tibetan Autnamous Regio, parson he monary ad ei witha Sve tose hours by od rom he mtn rt eters of Ls ad Shige In fac the Nyingmtaon in parla hs undergone ator ie ‘ctrl eel ina vary sort tie topo an extensive ne-mork a age ‘ad small onasic communis doughouteauera Tibet. In pt ile by te (evealiniage of rationals sentiment and rego tition with the cone rarplis rece geuzrate in some are, the Nyinga’ row sors ‘olin ter taconal eas on maaan erate ch he Go Ling pie and dynanie period mythlogy snd he slave prevalence of chaste teachers whose appeal excels hr monaic boundries. "The mat intesing ofthe new commun aeselgos intl and runner in Goo Seta headed by KhenpoJkphun, who i atthe har othe resugeut ings radon in eaten Tibet [fine heard of Khenpo Jpn a the summer of 989 when I war sting ia South Ia tthe onary of ear Rinpoche the etre: tar head ofthe Nyingma sect Kenpo Namal, om resident ies academic calege a ras) wer Keno kph’ en, ha Ing een eaveed wo Khar to sy with hin. Two things immediatly sod out fem Khenpo Namérafs dsipdan af bi ache: he wa nl learned inthe Great Peteionwadtion of tani Badin od he was «pli Teton The later asertion partly ak me, since the Ter movetnet not for she moa part ben scent taseplated in ree Tie, not suprising sen ‘he vas angen he earl and geographic lneeapeon which Ter was So een. In ation, Ter was widely roredastong fag commutes tobe rca Hite in cope wihn Te ial comparvon to eae’ pre ‘ago sats asa vena proce of renewal ta reed se eal of ‘ew tes nerwoven wha bint caleron of neil es ad etre rk orinterepentent suport of tame ae, “The ftowing year I bry met Khenpo kph fo the fst mein Las, where war esti with Khenpo Namara on is way to nda or is et wip Use of the Peoples Replica Chins. Sabnequenay during that yes, Tian ‘Tuber of vague aecouts of Khepo Jiu while staying in Kham which eneraly elected ami of repet, ae, and jelous Hwee, cas 00 unt Se ftowng yearn Daruedo (Ranga) tht In ale alk with Khenpo and hire greater length during a weeklong sere of teachings he ene de ‘henpo Nests ital deserpdons of hm were bone out in obvervations of Sin carina among Chine and Terns aa well a the mirselous nature of tary of the sr tld about hm, which een by Tisetan standards seemed (0 Fhe one's ingnatin, In parla, hey ener around is sta a8 Te tena revs of tenures or nev sepres ram Tibe® ancient past Talo be tame clea that Kenpo’ community was oraoriary term ofthe propa Alon of Gre Peecoon tants don wick wtiacely brought me thee fa nection with ny on esa Us range! fora two-month ay that un ‘er (90 in Glok Sera Khenpo' tint ‘Wit oud hz pone to ben nny ways tacinglyafre om what hd encounted in thes part of Thee. Here he sured landcape of The was Tg revived inthe radical wy that only Ter ea snd elgous energy hs apr peated ectpeal in asked contrat the alisuted state in which instatona ‘Bea chien favs ol n many parte of Tet. Khenpe Jshun has rested a Aigndeancountermowenent rewablabing de center of gravity within Tibet nel thereby sermning the ow of authority ad value toward Chinese oder tiny on he on hand, aid efigee Tibetaa communis, om the oer Not oly ashe creme an cadens evonment that in some ways surpass what Iaale i refugee monasteries ut he as lio managed to projet an intl ‘Namie sd harismate pretence capable of eorpeing wi ny ofthe great Ning lana now living or ree decented in exe" He bas conte "Thet rgmcned cultral cnegy around hn reinvented iin the Tibet pys- {Ea and Egil lndicape, diel rene the contemporary stain with "Thats pa sed thin ar way resoaatinted Tibean ey win here ‘Tiles of iin the eontemporry People's Repel of Chin, thus eigrating “Tibetan pre elF-onfideee and gens of pipe. He has done sin a uriquely ‘Tien and n pasar Nyngs,fsion Theses be has employed ave revnved around the iden of preset gues wi ing of encarnatons ‘ching buck tthe eightivcetury Tibetan empire the reconfiguration andr Shimon of the body of Tibetan seed geogepy Dough italy, eam ‘Bimeulous een and actual psn! #icoers Inked to that web of einca atoning te tlecta! and rater ubsuctre of ican itelec- al cle within that asap by Ouading temples wtp, monasteries nd {ext centry and, above alle, hi atm ofthe mande ofthe Teton the ‘Sear ner who able eva 2 vicevlink to Tiers grows ast un {oibngderte prota of that kin he present In dese way, Khenpo haxPee eee eee eee eee eee sf avID GERMAN lp to reverse the mtg Now of Tibet ent into contemporary Chie ee rb cule, eige centr in Sout Aaa, depression, nostagi, o een he favo len darn ofthe Wet, and insted fev a prfounly bean ens of identy win aizuely Tibetan andsape [MEYOND THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION Bene ducing the Ter movement and how i a funetone to create a cen Uiptal lg fren contemporary extern Tie, woul ike rey wo igh light some ofthe deals af Khenp' fle. Aa eat by hme, his ngage, and vrs eared ral account ise ha al of he ecto elements 0 standard in vation Titman bagiographiey parca fora ecesented Te {on He was bora nig tannin parent aid hat he ws bor whoo sate eae wih his et fst and eal une, with the placenta te dep ‘sound his ef sealer Eke a moma abe, He then sat up by how Pes, ‘pene his jes ani Matus personal mane, Ome pot ad wok or eight dines. ‘The exaacrnary events nee dead by is bngraphes ors the yewines accom ofthe mile Donate ond usin named Bene, both of whom were al vga Ando ng. Kenpo later recllated exerci ‘intense ight on emeing from the womb, which he Ugh was pertap the light of «bre ap, and ling aero ace of orspasion He wea give he ame Kelang Nange, ich wants "Vieorous Goad Rotine" ‘ring his teens be wat recognized a the eincrnation of the famed Teton emb Ligpe (196-920, wn was an important Nyngan teacher ofthe th ‘cen Da Lama. Khenp was quite wel iow in hey Jers bth fr py. le powers and imelecual achweent bt tis rime beens rapped wos the chao ed ofthe Chinese ception ula inthe Call Revol on es hee that the modern legen of hile began outline Be was ther mprsoned nor torre uring this mio prod but ely ot ‘ied lg acives unabated. Doing the ex phates of the Ctra Rev. ‘tion Khespo ws tone print summoned to an eganined “kale eon” ‘where egos gues nd eer“ enemie" ere routinely piyaly tnd ‘verily bused, fle leaving permanent pysal danage The igh bere he exion he performed firing ul with mans payer sete othe gest wa rainy Ger of Ling he hero ofthe Tibetan atonal ei that hs bees pr ally pra in ester Tbe. Over the eau of the nigh, Ma fas nes Decelyavelled yp and became hideously dor, scoring to his ace ‘secountof events. nth morning when peoples hit digas, they were onvinced Khenpo had contacted a dangerous nftous dence and the ae ished him form the own. Ac other key janes wen he was thealened by torts, be ud ie wale to repent he et through the lena Gear of “Ling an ths remained in ited spa troughou the long poise and socal ‘umd. Other seco speak fa mculus Seppearane ol kismet -MENDERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIBET 2) sec snore hn car pric wee set lant abrupt ecg of rk Tenet uy ese en hn res costo parte SS nore Mon of ering sper wos tot rng ‘erwan hep ine oui wih hr ahd her dager le becom ‘eee ge empowerment ech et ade prcics oa ied Seat dee tale in be caomip ‘Khenpophur’ pat ie meee al play crcl : won er hr ee remen n nin ona fase onl ad wi King Ge usr eechery ad roa King Gea fed or it Dra Ce top io be taro of Tits pon Dodi Fe lcs Bune aw el of ele poe 2d mol bat been wren sd lng Gor nthe sng coe need tic apr ngs gn King ra ict Tie ‘anc an inprncsnormabe egir on Tm hve coed tu eee orig i Suh tio on King Ocar wr sau hina of egy hat feo tenner roan ath iat Wir teeny ok en of mol Artal jeer and Sect rng the Cultural Revolution, Khenpo Jikphun has thus selied : ‘Fecmrlatenppteaon tos ware dy for ster, babii penn eo go nee a pe he. Bing Catal Ren a ber of aso ng i arene teh yo eth ia enh a, te ig htc wih pa Matsuo Bsn fo ‘Hocus tl mpd y Mpa Riyadh rtd iar ing em the man) ee dah yo a dwn nw earn Se mepte wad gt Ia Kenpo. oon word in tyesmsranasragonne rear sisal agree ‘Sipresceen ors esi pb ook ownins heseene istorii of an er man, On eo 12 ing or yer eg ta re be Se rion ntl fit well up from ea earner ptSS seca aee aCe CCS EES REECE EERE EEC EEE EEE sea we hl te Oe Ls th Wo King Cow toi Seliay de tet agra te eines np scene le kh surelows wh tr ws dre wth a el ween oF feo of av sad ass Whe wet nde tng Ot ny ont ca abs ws pa th ely ‘tered By go gt adage ped ep Sere led po hy wend el ora arch Hews sb he ‘od repect rim wh aceon gr nd ‘cece bn," get nla yng tr ‘ener qui of or Bo pec ad Mid ino ym er ig as ga io Bo cing td ng bg ny trong shut The Gene ors emit inthe wth iii had ‘sie noarentne upton eG Pabst od he wd ot ‘al ong he Eat Sp of Pwnage ‘rm oye pny plo eer nd ta fot im A bie a cy rn se mi igen geo py van cee iy a ee Exton deter ona ceca bat Ray Coan chine aa Sty af ering mbes pont nd at cg We wee ena ‘Eis see pn aero On ny her Darn mi wes ou amc a gy, fake epee me {sie on yds moet "A eee gio eed yi the ah hone moth of 19 ants ee es ane) He ‘SS dng nant igh or nore Ring Go ni ‘SEscer Dam src Youny One mgs sng Toe sng haere Vis sch her geerily ound wi a He nema ences heat tral rere Tet ps eet pe ech a thd np, aid le domly concaed wih Tit wed icp an i tony ban cna to Khewpo igh spans gent il ac te deeply ound nhl bran atic of Tibetan tn el hy he ‘een th bas of any of is aeons soul beste tnt not oly was Ca cently xpd the itctcentary conn neces Ab teetenicpren ray opt econ tly Titan ene fcr or "penton" Assu neen Ilaria ee alle the Hee of Lig eee ors sound a Tibetan ching te Oca sate fled ni tio center ing ound ponenn, hing and propiey bt was qu uppresed oy Ch ‘ese mtn spol pcan” ArT ae com Klee’ Sha veaion ef neh ncmaric” kos awed a to repay ee REMEMBERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIBET 6: eset ‘Tibetan nation desty and sabi communi whe simultaneously a raeatal renewal without Cs probe. ‘cs the erlean following te Calta! Revelation nally penetrated 0 thet mete eas ofthe Pepe's Repute of China in m8 at the age of ft ten Kenpo immeditcly et ebout easing a Budhist monastic center and ‘Shnry ised ovis sans and prophecies Propheis play an important ‘le a guna wide eran Bed bot parca withthe Tere, 5a Wich they ate undestoed aot ut speedos ofthe future but t “words of Crh of an enlightened gure tha ave the nine power of ringing evens So being! A ey ropbery wie to authxie the schoo founding as draws orn the fropheles of Dod Kustang Zhen 745-2 the fit of Ee thn ine of Nyingoa curate nas asd in Golo ise a he Ley he Sec ig "Ther wl se ton fe vi Padma ene” the tre nda cing raat ote Firncafecon of adits of fe ol nour ‘ssw pet iy be aces th iH sing! wel, "Ths ving em rcs the psn eie ‘he cng each pe of gat bl heap Fgh fil name an Phonak ad accreted the sco ea ering ohn by na 9 tha es de tough oe wee BaeSTgecrrrenct oh exten hae of heh ln ‘Signed scies The fc ing howe he erred a y alae w see Tecpel shuld bin eligi (Sct Lang ly ray le fm or pial mar) ep ok ae ye ole i nd lod ith len Sone. la of ol etree Nake ad Damen, oo sare htm nett feat and wet rapeey Tinea pot ano ae Peart ence or thes eg patina te pat bo ha TSP usb bop a som enlighten the Grex een ERLE a me nce bende by racine win broke ek anc Seared, in imporans osama born prophesied ys ede AE Stripes ation encuner wih fies inaeenoenty we SEES hepa tamed Trthng Djom Dae Ae aso font enh he ar ar soa he ad ote Yen ae Pe es Spe ohim genes al sow wappedina whe eemo- aera ia rtd wer arto sa story em and wi Reale sik nip he url elighenet acivies wl be acinlind "Ta escheat phned the opel yea sme me nd ry STI rand" erin ee Ten ts bala pre Mrmage kes, oul no comma oration ever doped here.6 DAVID GERMANO Tn fliinent of tha prophecy, henpo iphun went othe delat Larang valle lane off the main oud about en rine de rom Gok Sri nd ound is present academy tere o the tenth day of he weve a month ‘nig (te ronaenky en) for he expres arpa of reviving Budi cha Stdipand media, Itwns ed Hermiage of Fes wih the Great ‘re Light Body aS han ‘tarp de rd) atid Khe hd is own ettonal resience contacted on the lotion of ‘Thiskthng Daj Dex former hermitage to neighboring ree people came wrx othe canter Simply ss Larung gas wie fa mre cane seas ton refered to a Keno gut [erally Khenpo' nary or ding “encaropma,” deter “or” (ge) fer Figo elgour caer tat ioe explety morartcnconttuton, Beer th, Kenpo tied eewberela Gook es Ue sto was oly devoid of ary man ‘constructions, orth cle that mater fo dhiractonally nomad eon shoe the te in, ich da ir barcen in he winter and ile with lowering {gases inthe spring and sumer However, i 968 fan earth-monkey yet ‘exo Jlphun ina tamed the ora f ay (Gubyagartempowe ‘eat alto ey dpe in hissane po, ater ick he sto Khe Gale Gorin a scemingly joing manner "In the moni yea wel eur now vl found age mona neadeny ia the pot At that cme ths are, rom the Shadowy arco the valley Yo sun southern part wil esas wih stu ral ara, nd mean. WH ou go afr std and analy ot ‘mediation Ti ule may large monatre or nannies Now ui a al tural Tibes, Khenpo'reiou center no the evied lr ol previous es lishmen: located atts origina ste. Although there are rope ait ed tw the Larang vale the msn force behind the eons devepreat i found the cara presance of Khenpa™ Aliaugh donot eae to ea eon ofthe eens tht governed hes ini ears and parley of the exert to which the gerne! ay have Deen aware or usprove ofthe communi ingot pers tha ‘hefounding ofthe community beg ina infra and pial Titan ae nea charac lama ply bot smal perro hom a ins = tle of eoe dep tok up reidence neste The comity ten gress word ff mouth nace eher sg practioner, ha in very bapa’ Gon bul oneoom midenes in seordance with the rea ranging om the Fate wood cabin andthe more camman ene an dt hue a sole exude rescence bal fom sacked sears fer dividual were fe to come and go without ny formal membership proces at long as they adr othe mina beh ‘orl oem that Kher ised on. At the eweomert residences begat to ‘peal ovr thei the evi community ply expanded daring i ine Arcade wa al reident population of one howd mons and mune vied Seuween the aad and a nanaery jst down the steam. While Kenpo = potedly experienced spree om goverment! nibort, a hy ar Ing pois occurred when he Panchen Lam cere he inate an cade REMEMBERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIBET & "wey. Koerp' hone nasn, Mow he blogs athe ple eens oo ie oe et Sr enctmaastee ewmreares et get einen be Boss meccricnea cameron tae toe renee aon tee terete teaorforuaet Tr rec iterate vegies Pace ieastncran aco ‘tcf equated that there beso promoion of tat poston sce would Shaman niemar ets DeaeacinDavo obeMANo ‘wey, Khergo ame non, The eligo ele Kenpo ‘lens sig ie omracsn eae bl at Sera are lain the ht pesormed he tonal ama’ role of ic Sor insome pela dies In the sumer of tot a potentially expose di Jute epee the boundaries bees ert County i de Gan ean ned The Pada drs nthe Tehongor sgn, event with economic picts thos te tea arabe doe fe Aer Eling ores thicerenes beth Sides were prepsing fr armed ate when the scondranking pita gue of Serta cameta Khenpo toaskfoto, Khespe wrt a seri of keer to peopl om bth de sgeing x compres nd eventaly defined the uation, Howe in he mi-eses Khenp became the abet of pelea spin afer he wa fe the ery fey Ten rligos lnder wh eet ga a certo of the goverment’ candidate in he Panchen Lama rekzcaaation controversy This tnuscompoundedy the ares nd reported tora of an aston Gol ox = Povey poncng erate concen Tea ndependcnes. Ax wrt Uh tou at an of 96 hs ben ein he sy wo engage vei a= vy uid he ow nate” ‘Although the rar maori of residents ae monks governed by mona rule of conduct and allowing «ait chal program, and although Khe JFitphun bine kas mains none wma hugh ise he bas a tinal termed the ecademy a mountain hermitage (Mond) rather ht a7 tual monastery tht woul exablh and wainsn kis own dete tds AUMIMBERING THE DISMENBERED BODY OF TIBET 6 inne wh te hare Tihtan erga on ecarin conta i ‘oe nu Toe itteson al the on ve pate hoe monster 6 ceeds ere when Rhenpa ihn sot enchingo rene ion they. do nox perv cove nanan comin aciin recht trashed dances (son Ade Ro the cor esto sain te acemie ‘Katona tte operon sted wiring died aa monster the Pepe Republi of Chita Kenpo espns enn fr ot are tng monty then he tt prong contemporary neds be ee vel of wlan anon all ne Tie tk at in it iw 3 now ‘Teme wu eine eri tendenieoul never soph Thal ths come to scan loan nlite peiod witht chang ing pei one san or oval te back and oth Been therhome monasen nd arong Gem poplin id ong Sl therjornt of ican Sue gh ry are ted Nyngan Roughly percent of the edest poplin are Nyigma, 20 pert Kyi to pee aj pre eb, wi em te Bon ad onan eae: Daring major ary ua epee of ale ea Conga por i reat rnb The ce is ns ieoned or Gas of he camera ort, nen aon o Khe’ ee ‘etching ding on al Buchs ran ditions oka Fo dleret Se alton ase pend eng post ogee a shared vio thene Whe thete a kage contingent surindingaes the wcdeny 2 tonne coder ter fom ought he Tibean dsc Scher ané Gn pve epesy for Sera, Gao, Thor, Ab Repgong ear bg and Mina ie ae some fo te Then Ae tens Region kh ncadenwetr ad Centra Tie though st we Tom nse ares such at Chand en Conjo" One ote protien fr tran whe come o he aeadony re power of he Gok oad det shh cemely dieu fr ier Tea wo understand i que dt Tam ocghbonng Ar sod tn dlc od) enue, Coal ibe ‘Mond iy Gyeon ne partial rend ice he lnguage dan Menthe ore af ibetan toe degre teen ced a ibe), Cee 265 Winker nn nse up os yenre beg osodertand te alk dat Satome cin end is mas wacormen epee fa righ cholo PEE igus crue ncomprcen se Te pe doo ply allo ‘Spy mon to comes sy or any gh eel people Koen meneame vrs such thor who pial awed he th wSurng the Catal Reve, re reard—hs ered in» og Pe Sane Somes fer an oon sun with an expanded pop An upto sean dng major nary tals Ati scone changing comourty Kenpo Jghun be ho funded apn mien uc of aol wear oy designed 2EbETuadment of "eheapo dere, wich 3 aalogos oe "gtdegre in he Geli and dacorate in Western verses. The program i Nate tematic dof ge bay of etn ders ens crit analy {nd evaluate procedes with the exception tnt compotion s of considerably tess imporance tan in Weve academe pograns, Ir standard rogues fer Tibetan monk cha piting, medina, poet, ory epi Imology the Indian Bust Mabiyaea phosphates of Madhya ‘nd Citar, te ela tant al he Gren efion-Respiens of thse ‘egres have tradtoally been seared ret aligns preg in ib and have ‘become port teachers sola and author fn Nyinga and Kagy® rmonastein However ti pes sch producto longer, rigorous sce {ured programa who were in sor reply al ex llowing te lng chaos of the Calaral Rewlon,Thut the dersopment of gprs scolaste taining Drogas a Larung sel ase thoes aching caries lad gran fr Tibet that he founded during the Pom as Been ap port fer Khenpo “lpr, Inthe ie decade roughly one undead benpes graduate: hon his eadenes eat ode youngmen a ther wendeo ier Requirements or {tihenpo degre ave heen sosewbat else i ight of the presi aed or {Guaifed ean ester so tht op stden an eoplete the program in fi Jars. Some of trae ow Hbepesunstey rem to their own maanastrics Yo teach, ome say eth centro Become advan! teachers In thei os hor ‘Synge in arr tui ad vom event by Khenpo kph to muasterox svi expecially eel ned teaching ania, ‘ihpo lun bas eased athe schol, sick the one in Nyatong nt the se of i prevow nections reside vo ded mane) and et 1 ‘Minya (one hundred mons) He ako osiney makes to hes ones, ‘hock, an rete! cents to gh teachings and enpowerment Since his ara ‘my eane any new enpon who are sent nah ewer is Ks wo ther ‘mona centr are nual close. Given is explcedxn forthe acer fer era entero te rene of Badd allover Tibet without requting st Individuals change ie monasc afin, these reaionships are of elferent ode than the eal enjoyed by wana bec af manatees with ‘ronginttinel concer inf tba one cola scderne wn wee lation acadomies grat gr) in 4 tamber af the mona wat have R= merged since the Curl Revo’ end. Throughout heat str theo Potion of the cperesconeered with onus dacipline and the ual the monthly mons eonfsionnl che immer eat atl sri observance of ie regulations, However, unite ina religous isan ated wih the Nj Ingma et inthe regs communi of Tada and Nepal which have becom concerbed abot al ele wih maintaining sbr-based exci radtins tothe Aersmant of coterie nian, Kheapo ha consent ven teachings en ‘mona ase onthe supreme cate tions ofthe Great Pareto be aval guie agra mamber of mona sd lay indians cre proctic= ings onerplavepresrpsinown at beathough and diet trameendnc. RE-MEMBURING TILE DISMEMBERED RODY OF TIBET “This uml blend of monastic dicipine and the Great Pectin’ appeal of tantie eedom would seem to he even by two overarching mations: dhe (Grea Peony ona ele i the peo eeurenam that Rhenpo has Strongly soca and is highly experensal ye sesmlined contemplates tem, whi fess ret and ena enplemeatble mode of practice not ean fon rrr commmankiy, completed teal experi, ce eleasve academic Ting Though the resident monks are duo actully part of monasey he mn lee st fon mute don de valk ae forming» trv mennery Beaded by ‘Rhenp's yout las, Ani Manto (1966 in the re-hrse year the eed So ‘ehh Rhenpo explain as being def the rebive poery eels insti fons for wornen Tete ae for older ae henpos who ave bozn ase 0 teal the my a gp there were lo fone female henpoa Tally mei ot titen receie Kheapo Jkphans teaching, hough they id reccive empower {nent bat in og the set all was consracte expel ab nuns and moals Could recive hse tacking smlaneouy fa the new balla line of ower {pls monks and mans and there are dlileen door or en andl exit oa pe ‘ent incroction tat could lad to reaches ofthe ceo elibuey Tor genera ‘dy, however te ran eon ou ova bling cies Tipu. Asi praceion of rani domed in wan ak costae The rare hm he uney hed iy Kieop esa the see we este@pavip ceEmMano heng Jpn alo asa ue of Han Chines dpe, and wo Tibetan maak i ther enty tes specialize fo wachiag Chinese and trating “Rhcop eackings to Chinese Tn agg thi t forty Chinese monks and aac Pie lnsenipamanenteidence, oo f whom knew Tibetan and there ‘Tntorm suet x Chinese within ee gai! program run by dhe igual roecsnsructors Ia at, Khenpo pay the Chinese monks and nuns a spec “Teer of vet yan per mot because hey have come roms fs thi a Tine coer the sow of fanny, bute yale dung fr fv), and she asc ne verdes Wie dere are examples of Chinese moals who have wholshearedly ‘Sete he Tibetan ese nary soa toxin an atde of cura ety and pee, eel nisin ofthe aeciaton eset they ‘iu uteequrniy te oleate her owe sus as eacher. Despite the overtly ‘Rats cglayedby many Chine tvs Tens dere eens a poe ‘Eat bet in th spl power of Tibeun Busi. Talo wise period ‘Sis Bon devel Chines acl who made he ng tek or their homeland Toe Rheny in reste some of them are considered be very advanced ‘Raden. tf Ehepo spent o mens fs Beg atthe Budi Higher ‘Rendony ste Panchen Lam’ viaon, ding which tne many Chins ‘tei hme aie een ote provncs in the PRC to receive tenchings. Moai scp ee pe Bein um remorse dame ent pie amag empon thee Seman orn aide opty cone hens er ef amaftteEeclye Goetetcma Secon neem coherent rune rinneagets sent les ieoecce gear areteten anes iemamsyancticere eictinanncnen enna ee eae eh micah canepsnt ae eeetotnt a a a ati er eset ere ee unenemria hevaronmien Soci accent helms ‘artetinpemy ear eg RE-AOMOURING THE DISMEMBERED DODY OF TIBET ‘dais Hncages, women are often sido be of crucial impotence as cosas Jatt donc, soe iis elise that is posible wo were the transce- qtr pal ey in rlance on the ans echniques of sexal youxs ination, {Euibioved that sexalyoge somtbtes is some ential wy toa Tetons abi TAOS teasree™ Though Khenp Jpn accodngy el that he gos rte andar conection al cae tha the tie had come Serb acaal yoga to enhance elton, he chve neo act on dem” ‘Eoin enter Sgures such athe fonder ofthe Geluk radon, Taonga ogy tt ehenpo ltr explained is eling hat ost contemporary “yog! see inst rdinary nvidune and used the claim tani ye” Teyana dat they peaed nds te spel of seal ese He thas le vata co act an explo preserve the teaching integrand refi 0 c= OPT comort despite ir arse coneis, wel tthe posveavan- CEES Nutt have derived fm thei prac of oun og, Shor fire Heeaniad tea evens well inuwn master nared Loar, who beeame wp Me exasnd, “Noweay Teac ave sch ight vieous meri! What ean be See penne thie warped am now on you mast perm the rockon eet erouon efor the Sky Dancer (kt, di and praise che eri of SES yows sd large guberng Sine ne n your le your gatesing of di Ti al erenty nee at ht tine you mu propagate the staan ane, SERS Eitan cama above allo he oquent writing of Langehenpa nd Siphon os wny vs Benftwl crueknparllyo he teaching 10 eee ing ‘Th, dpe being dosed to ke up &consort a 8 RESET eae tie dasoery a Te, Kheapo fk feed o deine dhe cpportunity De ea civ hence or writ eal examples ding a tine of enoral See Cadrowed by Lao ne radional terminology of Teta’ teva.” oF ‘fer sccumulon of vrwous ets and postive kari ber). ribo raping then that iy eement of Khenp's poi mison fe roving cd at the Clr Reson bas bent expe the need fra ths. Eon and eal reir of Bahn in Tibet at x corrective to lhe Pee Pevuptions he fh had developed diving the preceding thee decades ‘Mvaatedipine- shat celbaey—and cious sty of case Bod text ae cine in Rheopo vsin of Tibet Baddhispath and Sse nade (Eas osoc enol Tibetan rls vals a yal to one's gu, While cae i the some of nonelbate monks, erate monks darespect to Fe ok. Stary predate eent Chine infuenr, seems reatonnble 0 se dr dae te done of the Caltral Revlon ound te radtiona ess of Fer Tyg clara fr wore cont than inthe preceding cores, Fanaa ete and exc eandard so which tender and conduct howl sere etted and whch boo be rejected, Abuve ally nine wit a esate eae diling ate fouaton of al pov quay he emplit~ ae de ned fr deed prstinnas to become rons ad nuns wit the cere inne speci ew who bad ney aster ane contemplationsd were ths beyond any need for conventional morality and discipline, He alto ‘femelle advsing dat Tibetan mons ad nuns a ‘Sur needed aati strict accordance wi he Buddha's ehica teachings on ‘mons daspine si the tantric corpu For hue practioner who broke thei ‘Hone and anc wes easing the Callual Revolution (igh ab vows of lua cnc fr regis srt, ad reverence fr one's teachers the rpion as ol soserere wf Be Band restores, he insucted tbe perfor ‘cof appropriate also renewing wows for oters whose actions had ‘ery damaged their vows ley any pony ofrnal renewal, be insted on ‘Sulion fom monasse series He so exhorted seriou eligi praciion- (in general—vether orduned ar monks and munt or ly tase praciion- oe exert heme in tectigues or pring thelr negative acy and tran [gress and to forsake ther waar actives such as agreltre which they ‘Neel to engage in during the Guta Revolution. He ele hat people who td broken the commitment (daw, sony) by soc acs as beating aan Should new be peated tvs he mopareri ut nto take past in epewer= nent usando of een if Fomerly they were high reineamat lamas "Though he was only aie to fal on adherence to tbe circulars preseiptions within iowa enters he aetiely encouraged other monasteries in extern Tibet ‘Gamma tewees polly o suppor his agenda ‘This force asertion of the pray of aie monate wales and Wacisonal standards inthe pom ‘Cat! Revoonetvrnment hi et cnstent tension with hae who ex ese i at dot ative ring the Cltral Revolution, spee Khenpo {Fisphun as avated «hard fine again auch indiduas. This ha been the ounce of conieabe enon wih lea plal leader, who argued that he ‘Gain Revlon conttes a mpc suaton and thus eid not ivaive & breach of mona or nti vows. Howeve te Pchen Lama ao advocated ‘wailing toe teaching from thowe with Broken commitment, suggesting ‘tht insens they be gen exces a eching Tn ti way Khenpo fe tht monaaie communities could puiy damsel, and agin become warty elo rei foray people bono, ale alms, and {21 for eight cannot be oveemphasand haw central this etal ise isn terme of the elatoshis betwen ly inv and monk ine ei pari (copcilyceley) whe quae the monks ax rece eerngs fo the Iny communi Exe if ths ary” alvays ofa clave tr, hen nretons arc very public and exten ca len to ay people questioning teenie nate tut, least in la manifetaton Tle unranees in rm thatch fer ing corte regis merit making” wid mei understood as positive kara ‘hat wi ee to mundane benefits, beter eb, andevenonly pial growth ‘Az Ronald. Schon has shown, thi elatonship btn enact (sy ‘and monks at ky clement of Tibetan soy as been repeatedly tacked by Chinese relgaue pace or pole! implications” Whi Khenpo fas conjoined his tong edna and etal anda with src emphasis on ‘monascian and insience on exposing Tibetan religious bypoevsy even whe Ieidng dct compiciy wih Chinee rue, he hus distanced his movenest Tom ay ivoement with overt polit proets This contra sarpy wih Savers pteaal of the concn of eal mpi of Buda wih poli> ial pot tat hs dominated the ongoing dentate in Lhasa Khespos brad of poanaiss has ot ivaed contontatinal race to goverment tutor, whether nis sve on stoma education i edtonal Tibet Tearing an sito to cloniiitensed embarrassment ver Tibet ce ina backward par or in his eval ofthe tonal eritmkng insttuon of {nteracton bxineen ona and lay commas, Howeve, Kenpo puns ‘ies agenda, wells his manually cp teaching ofthe esotrits ach- {age pvt the Great Peretion, as bee he owes of considerate d= fect contoversy among Ton tough not wits Chinese autores. AL one fin, Rheapo Jkghun explained hi motalins wa huge monastic amen ‘ee began hi pit andere he cing hr wa ee ose er een whe anny she mons mney pes Howe by Foca ny wang ir pico, any ep iw hve eg one malo a ec xen oye atin i ng ate ‘dof ven tighten interes, ote he ope tht noe ee ‘fewer te Bod escings be bere tig son yor fee ng ene et tere en Oe yay el the dg ame ey etn tee i Td EEEie my om le i hese hw een cern oT woo futyanm onthe ghee My eng seta expen ye {yen Dhoni i he owing ‘Ahugh many bingy Beka tap pon Ne, Tht iho dingy che rar te Way ot enn. Aner econ has bee cone ime ay tc acon Pee em fee cots och arb nkedte Fac suns nd cones tial os a bt oth Techn are rhb composded yh nm aan gna hrc py ted with he iia Te Sr wry cn oe me ig con Fecha yin of Bait nn tn Res no eh ed purty le eo Seana nso aroma pon omen eg a aaa eee ec of es apn porn ey “Snag” (nh cae torre Alig he enn of i ion 8 ae cunber a hue re Kemps pore pes a oe tom Kept cmc eam 0 ond ei ees NS ymonct woman and vance amongmany hr fle Nap he fe andes within rtnary ay rnin, nd hve ud a tt wenn ta ety mana once poe Sx nd ney arm tee ch gre wah rene the cn ne parc the inl elation ot eu rotons athe vile aja of denice Khenpo cn hs beni aqgringa me bce ib se cnjed with sto prego ecg he pro elo which ad Buds ‘pei cas inion he mila socal ete al be ans ote soporte sonatas. This en ‘din hin with heim of arson” phenomenon hatter cml a tra and eet nt hse was ef ins, gs when the ay Nyaa tana Kis Ling vated the United Sete om Glan eparey ear Repo on ser occasions een ti oly Nicomn ues ere Pein Tin ly hep rel of the date Tan Bait gsm of een "i he Tet mada gs faa Nc ‘enc ephas on monaiserel cis wed om pale ate ts old veri igen arin rua ne es Re ico Chit corr spy pd eins ea ne Cental Tet Rhea hr mex sings, boson oe Nstemcttonet cedpigtnagenetwesneincdoeearereah ce kone pel and hey ee cored mT, ete. Tas oe sas ssi, th the pind ten of Bahr Shs fs ins ‘tikes he cal pec of Bom aa rg ana ‘aged coe Ts enon cision hasten diana ion of bi son ps ft he gavage soos eg ‘se rtrin steam i afte Cla Rent herald ee lion tray npn a iy gues secs ree Sis at nace eng tote piano we as ‘cpl ning opin tn eprint occa iti res on ech alse boom ng Ta ‘cyin ge inesr in flee ef rus Olea a to coca aed pot ae val eve in resins Ys by of tes ‘goal esis shy ae year ste he bop nd sso er sd oe mee mie see eee he Bt ie ey chr Bos of Titi ography oto solemn eton wth em enc ie pie wa nating sted ace des nett pnd peat ae | i i RE-MEMBERHNG THE DISMEMBERED HODY OF TIBET 3 ee earner Se eee ee eee ene er eed ie reper eet Sega esac on ee el eee sige re ocean i ee eee eee eae coed eee eee ieee eas Sen ee neers eee een Pct wian gen mm le ouch CE ere cper ge Se a eet rine Teen eel nee Ee Tae Sel tel or ne Teen ees Benatar a ta ae Peete eae eee ens eee See eee Sr epee eer ee es es accep aoe ae crated ngage comm pracios sada ems Sos te en Ne ee eee ee ieee ce igen Eee kre a a ena Se bee go Sa eth ae See Seen canescensentry wih conned pecienhcetry Theta ions whe revialie SEEN cea aprpiason a the wah ef matralfowing to Tibet grt marae pre Ont tern sce shel ope wre moar dopenon of Idan Buhist modes eur Stercaun harbcone knowns he ese (Te) movement The Theta ‘Retcnmentdes began a ee inte vet an eth eens wih he Chua ev bed te tps Ashe new Bodhi eps soring wating an autor on ni puter Tiban Budi eages ‘elke de thle, he Nygm, daped he Ter moveent m3 re ‘Gomer lobed th vary Sonat ug he at pein ei {yeh adn Buln had een embeded in he sub boes of ‘eon wel te geogap bay oC Tet er ota ai the dk esol eon sto ie fgets dion having since dagpeared Stn uth nln the Titan bod oe wrt any tuchinp hier urknown vt id hve en ough ot in gh Shy adnan tl Vina concen the ke fe Poco tend of beg ply saint a ht ine Ths hing fee now eng gruay renered Wy remain, prea of Pa Thc Virlarta’ehcenury Tica ple wi haber Sonne speed ese of he rere he Teta. Ths oe the Ei ene reece i te geal ee or xed by ‘nara tra ey mt pred py om snore pene, Tagpen nt etree noosa apn din eel conenplve nine ta ead shed genous eae Sih te now ote mar tral myths pred a ening ‘Eo conbat be meer snl of conzmporr lad aor ‘yan in ai We comp densa chee lope concen the ate and coset uch ec tact nearer wo cttonos ek ‘em este ol implant) ad (9) en vealed ons “it meal sopra eee Fr ther lyse a {Ep nh an npc sce oon known sD ape The ae be rmardn ter erthans (gt an ete of ida eon yay bare nthe body of Tt sd the oer mca conrad in the manganese cho ‘vane Wise we may rely uodeed the ur in es of penance compen hic by Eada cmp yo ops [items wel ates an aa oy sean he eats aie ine comple sare ted on vio an propicy tcots ‘Sng ril ers ae an fe ag pov eign oF be ender sper etc dred Ihre, het theta thin te dp of ie Tn earth rte dg aa Te bean to" he get of cent to an Tanna oF VE jp at RE-MUACMERING THE DISMEMRERED BODY OF TIBET alam, whe he agent of dscotery tthe reinerasion of one f thelr pre ‘cpa Tein dices "The fineons ef the ely Ter movement during carl tural wee chs href (in the ace of modernist tac ro aurie and authenticate the [Nyngrae religous wadions ying a competing power rutae ete sk fully powerfil meme of the dat period, Read by rewented Pade ‘nasanbhie: (2) appropiate and bandon br a elPeoniouly aatchtho- hows tradition te ae intellectual and rigs materale stemming om India vith aching er a slat (to develop uniquely Tet theo ‘es pct, and pte nan ernment fen dominated by a eae of car tule ocr ofthe hil pointe Te elo pve tho wens Tne qui fr legitinason wes creating spices whieh thy col teenlonm nd infec Titan term wtb imply reproducing he, "Thu Te he an ingore ber fanetion Sat prevented indigenous Teta noc pacts and be us beg overlie bythe mente Powe fd autor dat nore cawial Inn Badd eyes astured i the ‘enth and owl caries. ws ately concerned wih armel and Sos Titan scent the feof a fe offre ele, an thas ‘wih the vale of Titan auton. ve invoking of Tale aor with Padi sd Vilar, was pres the presence an actions ‘Tah wasof crucial sg, and th this ooeationsimulanectly ane tied aerate i signee of Tibetan cure nando sl ally woul Uke temas he oko the Great Petia in the tex sore ealt ao nly was tome ofthe mst portant ods of ery Ter wel a Snguably dhe hy doctriastem ia the nieeeth-eentary eeumenial move ‘nt tha Kio kplan iit tab ss beer he mot mp de {his abo in Ripe’ carpus, orl eacing, aed community The Great efecto scl oT rere a iad omens trans ration thet een reece he appropriation of the modes portaions into characters Nyingmt ace, wale a setrcldietionofsd the tot ated ae cleat Sela iovesons of the dominant madera Teton ste: sure epi stead of regulated refinement, Treen eapurecs tend of pore ction advocacy of ination In ead of maxi iets spots pateraing instead of contd itxonal frdeting hy HE sted of moran, What rade che Great Pesecton 90 Cigoly it 4 thea of interpret sation was pee ily is tong hoor of ena, which wasn Tibet apparent negation o key ‘Bushs bell al valuen AsT hive aged eer" oe of the key functions ofthis dernaretve langage wo deca he inpexing nee o- Tevencs an atboriy oven fica oF ougt ad practic, here ‘ring serena ti reviewing diinesely Tibetan vison. Te Endre was a genuinely Teh ern of Budi an dh nao ‘oui appmopited anedhroughyveved che auld of Tibetan elo