2/21/2017 BackupProtectionofTransformer|OverCurrentandEarthFault|Electrical4u

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BackupProtectionofTransformer|OverCurrentandEarthFault
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OverCurrentandEarthFaultProtectionofTransformer
BackupprotectionofelectricaltransformerissimpleOverCurrentandEarthFaultprotectionappliedagainstexternalshortcircuit
andexcessiveoverloads.TheseovercurrentandearthFaultrelaysmaybeofInverseDefiniteMinimumTime(IDMT)orDefiniteTimetype
relays.GenerallyIDMTrelaysareconnectedtotheinfeedsideofthetransformer.
Theovercurrentrelayscannotdistinguishbetweenexternalshortcircuit,overloadandinternalfaultsofthetransformer.Foranyoftheabove
fault,backupprotectioni.e.overcurrentandearthfaultprotectionconnectedtoinfeedsideofthetransformerwilloperate.

Backupprotectionisalthoughgenerallyinstalledatinfeedsideofthetransformer,butitshouldtripboththeprimaryandsecondarycircuit
breakersofthetransformer.

OverCurrentandEarthFaultprotectionrelaysmaybealsoprovidedinloadsideofthetransformertoo,butitshouldnotintertriptheprimary
sidecircuitbreakerlikethecaseofbackupprotectionatinfeedside.Theoperationisgovernedprimarilybycurrentandtimesettingsandthe
characteristiccurveoftherelay.Topermituseofoverloadcapacityofthetransformerandcoordinationwithothersimilarrelaysatabout
125to150%offullloadcurrentofthetransformerbutbelowtheminimumshortcircuitcurrent.

Backupprotectionoftransformer has four elements, three over current relays connected each in each phase and one earth fault relay
connectedtothecommonpointofthreeovercurrentrelaysasshowninthefigure.ThenormalrangeofcurrentsettingsavailableonIDMT
overcurrentrelaysis50%to200%andonearthfaultrelay20to80%.

Anotherrangeofsettingonearthfaultrelayisalsoavailableandmaybeselectedwheretheearthfaultcurrentisrestrictedduetoinsertionof
impedanceintheneutralgrounding.Inthecaseoftransformerwindingwithneutralearthed,unrestrictedearthfaultprotectionisobtainedby
connectinganordinaryearthfaultrelayacrossaneutralcurrenttransformer.
Theunrestrictedovercurrentandearthfaultrelaysshouldhavepropertimelagtocoordinatewiththeprotectiverelaysofothercircuitto
avoidindiscriminatetripping.

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2/21/2017 BackupProtectionofTransformer|OverCurrentandEarthFault|Electrical4u

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