Empyema Bibliograpy

1: Cobanoglu U, Sayir F, Bilici S, Melek M. Comparison of the methods of

fibrinolysis by tube thoracostomy and thoracoscopic decortication in children
with stage II and III empyema: a prospective randomized study. Pediatr Rep. 2011
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2: Strachan RE, Cornelius A, Gilbert GL, Gulliver T, Martin A, McDonald T, Nixon

GM, Roseby R, Ranganathan S, Selvadurai H, Smith G, Soto-Martinez M, Suresh S,
Teoh L, Thapa K, Wainwright CE, Jaff A; Australian Research Network in Empyema
(ARNiE). A bedside assay to detect streptococcus pneumoniae in children with
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3: Carter E, Waldhausen J, Zhang W, Hoffman L, Redding G. Management of children

with empyema: Pleural drainage is not always necessary. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010
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4: Li ST, Tancredi DJ. Empyema hospitalizations increased in US children despite

pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125(1):26-33. Epub 2009 Nov
30. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):415. PubMed PMID: 19948570.

5: St Peter SD, Tsao K, Spilde TL, Keckler SJ, Harrison C, Jackson MA, Sharp SW,
Andrews WS, Rivard DC, Morello FP, Holcomb GW 3rd, Ostlie DJ. Thoracoscopic
decortication vs tube thoracostomy with fibrinolysis for empyema in children: a
prospective, randomized trial. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jan;44(1):106-11; discussion
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6: Li ST, Gates RL. Primary operative management for pediatric empyema: decreases
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7: Chetty K, Thomson AH. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Paediatr Drugs. 2007;9(6):401-11. Review. PubMed PMID: 18052410.

8: Padman R, King KA, Iqbal S, Wolfson PJ. Parapneumonic effusion and empyema in
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9: Cremonesini D, Thomson AH. How should we manage empyema: antibiotics alone,

fibrinolytics, or primary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)? Semin
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10: Mattei P, Allen JL. Treatment of empyema in children: from Hippocrates' time
to the present, and back again. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Jul
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11: Wexler ID, Knoll S, Picard E, Villa Y, Shoseyov D, Engelhard D, Kerem E.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of complicated pneumococcal pneumonia in a
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12: Sonnappa S, Cohen G, Owens CM, van Doorn C, Cairns J, Stanojevic S, Elliott
MJ, Jaff A. Comparison of urokinase and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for
treatment of childhood empyema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Jul
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13: Byington CL, Korgenski K, Daly J, Ampofo K, Pavia A, Mason EO. Impact of the
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal parapneumonic empyema. Pediatr
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14: Misthos P, Sepsas E, Konstantinou M, Athanassiadi K, Skottis I, Lioulias A.

Early use of intrapleural fibrinolytics in the management of postpneumonic
empyema. A prospective study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005 Oct;28(4):599-603.
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15: Haddy RI, Perry K, Chacko CE, Helton WB, Bowling MG, Looney SW, Buck GE.
Comparison of incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease among
children before and after introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccine.
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16: Alfaro C, Fergie J, Purcell K. Emergence of community-acquired

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in complicated parapneumonic
effusions. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Mar;24(3):274-6. PubMed PMID: 15750470.

17: Gates RL, Hogan M, Weinstein S, Arca MJ. Drainage, fibrinolytics, or surgery:
a comparison of treatment options in pediatric empyema. J Pediatr Surg. 2004
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18: Ekingen G, Gven BH, Szbir S, Tuzlaci A, Senel U. Fibrinolytic treatment

of complicated pediatric thoracic empyemas with intrapleural streptokinase. Eur J
Cardiothorac Surg. 2004 Sep;26(3):503-7. PubMed PMID: 15302043.

19: Buckingham SC, King MD, Miller ML. Incidence and etiologies of complicated
parapneumonic effusions in children, 1996 to 2001. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003
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20: Shah SS, Alpern ER, Zwerling L, McGowan KL, Bell LM. Risk of bacteremia in
young children with pneumonia treated as outpatients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.
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