Report On ERT

Job No- CECSPL/WR/20151005
GEO-PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
REPORT
(part-2)
Through
vertical electrical sounding (ves)
BY
Electrical resistivity tests (ERT)

dharmanagar,panisagar, damcherra, kanchanpur
north tripura & UNAKOTI District, tripura
JOB ENTRUSTED BY
THE EXECUTIVE ENGINEER,

PWD, (WATER RESOURCE)
DIVISION-VII, PENCHARTHAL, UNAKOTI TRIPURA
JOB CONDUCTED BY
Branch office: - Regd. Office:-

Arpita Bhawan, 1st floor, Deodar Place,
C/O Arpita Sarkar, Garia Station Road, Garia,
Jail Road, Banamalipur, Agartala- 01, Kolkata -700084, Tripura (W)
Ph: - 0381-2313780, Ph.:-033-32211414,
Mob:-09436139749, Mob:- 09903809378,
E-mail:- cecsagt@yahoo.com E-mail:- cecskol@yahoo.com
Web Site: www.cecs.in
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PREFACE
Geophysical surveys for Ground Water exploration in India started in 1930s and Geological Survey of
India initiated the systematic studies in 1945. National Geophysical Research Institute started the
surveys in 1960s and a phenomenal increase in its application was noticed in 1970s. By that time the
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) as well as State Ground Water Departments also initiated the
surveys.
The purpose of electrical surveys is to determine the subsurface resistivity distribution by making
measurements on the ground surface. From these measurements, the true resistivity of the
subsurface can be estimated. The ground resistivity is related to various geological parameters such
as the mineral and fluid content, porosity and degree of water saturation in the rock. Electrical
resistivity surveys have been used for many decades in hydro-geological, mining and geotechnical
investigations. More recently, it has been used for environmental surveys.
Groundwater is characterized by a certain number of parameters which geophysical methods are

trying to determine from surface measurements, mostly indirectly, but sometimes directly. The most
usual parameters are the porosity, the permeability, the transmissivity and the conductivity.
Groundwater, through the various dissolved salts it contains, is ionically conductive and enables
electric currents to flow into the ground. Consequently, measuring the ground resistivity gives the
possibility to identify the presence of water.
The testing results presented hereafter were tried to maintain all the standards and state-of-the art
scientific reports as applicable to the concern site of importance. The intention herein is to present
information on groundwater susceptibility in terms of shallow and deep groundwater and aquifer
position and thickness along-with lithology, which will serve as a guide to assess the groundwater
uses for any purpose and to decide the type of groundwater exploration for the needs.
If a groundwater is to be exploited, it is essential that the entire project be conducted in most efficient
and cost-effective way possible. Rushing into groundwater development program will probably result
in the incorrect location of points, inefficient design of the abstraction works. The feasibility of using
the geo-electric method is to determine resistivity, depth and thickness of the model earth layers. The
evaluation development and management of an aquifer for water supply should proceed in stages.
The aim of this study is to map possible fractured assisted aquiver system in study area and to
achieve these objectives which are; determination of the geo-electric parameters and overburden
thickness in the area from the VES data, and construct earth model revealing geo-electric sequence
/subsurface lithology in the area.
Er. M. K. Deb
(M.C.E-JU, M.I.G.S., Chartered Engineer)
Managing Director
Civil Engineering Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd.
1st Floor, Deodar Place, Garia Station Road,
Garia, Kolkata-84, West Bengal.
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CONTENTS
Chapters Page No.
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aims and objectives
Chapter 2
2.1 Background of Theory
2.2 Resistivity Methods
2.3 Methods Electrical Resistivity test
2.4 Apparent Resistivity
2.5 Depth of Investigation
Chapter 3
3.1 Site:-West Padmabill
3.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site
3.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology
3.2 Site Plan
3.3 Photos of site
3.4 Test results
3.5 Discussion and Recommendation
Chapter 4
4.1 Site:-Jalabassa(Madavpur)
4.2 Site Plan
4.3 Photos of site
4.4 Test results
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Chapter 5
5.1 Site:- South Panisagar
5.2 Site Plan
5.3 Photos of site
5.4 Test results
Chapter 6
6.1 Site:- West Panisagar
6.2 Site Plan
6.3 Photos of site
6.4 Test results
Chapter 7
7.1 Site:- Dewanpasa
7.2 Site Plan
7.3 Photos of site
7.4 Test results
Chapter 8
8.1 Site:-Govindapur
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8.2 Site Plan
8.3 Photos of site
8.4 Test results
Chapter 9
9.1 Site:-Yubarajnagar
9.2 Site Plan
9.3 Photos of site
9.4 Test results
Chapter 10
10.1 Site:-North Laljuri A.D.C Village
10.2 Site Plan
10.3 Photos of site
10.4 Test results
Chapter 11
11.1 Site:-South Laljuri A.D.C Village
11.2 Site Plan
11.3 Photos of site
11.4 Test results
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Chapter 12
12.1 Site:-Shivnagar-Bhuiyacherra
12.2 Site Plan
12.3 Photos of site
12.4 Test results
Chapter 13
13.1 Site:-Manacherra A.D.C Village
13.2 Site Plan
13.3 Photos of site
13.4 Test results
References
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Chapter-1
1.1 Introduction
A detailed geo-physical investigation by Electrical Resistivity Test (ERT) was carried

out for the proposed development of water supply and irrigation system by using available
groundwater of the proposed site.
The geo technical investigation work was awarded by the Executive Engineer, Water
resources (Div-VII), Public Works Department, Pencharthal, Unakoti Tripura, Govt. of
Tripura to Civil Engineering Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd vide work order
No.F.10(7)/EE/WRD-VII/PTL/1465-76 dated 21/08/2014. The Investigation work was
started on the instruction of the client. The field work was commenced on 19/01/2015 and
this Part 2 is completed on 23/01/2015.
The report has been prepared after careful study of all data collected during field work
and it deals with geo technical properties of the site and the sub soil.
1.2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
The objective of this investigation work was to determine the depth and thickness of aquifer.
It is assertion to determine location of aquifer, thickness of aquifer, depth of water level.
Based on the investigation results it may be decided to excavate some deep tube well in this
Location.
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Chapter-2
2.1 Background of Theory
The amount of prevention when a currant faces passing through a soil layer is known as
earth Resistance. When I ampere current flows through a 1 mm radius wire under the
voltage of 1 V, the resistance of the wire is 1 . The soil resistivity is expressed in ohm-m or
ohm and representing the resistance of a cubic meter of soil and symbolically represented by
the Greek letter (). The different soil layers arranged in horizontal sequence have different
resistivity. Rock , water, sand , electrolyte solution etc have different soil resistivity.
Depending upon their deterrent resistivity value, we can classify and indentify them in an
ideal way.
Different factors that are effect on soil resistivity:-
i) Moisture content: - Moisture content decreases the soil resistivity.

ii) Temperature:- soil at room temperature will be as much as four times
louder in resistivity them that at 32 degrees.
iii) Salt content: - salt content factors in the results in a big way. Just chancing
the composition by 1 % soil that contains 10% moisture by weight will as
much as five time lowers soil resistivity them that which contains 2.5 %.
iv) Soil composition: - soil made up of ashes, shale or loam fends to home the
lowest soil resistivity. Soils made up of gravel, sand or stone have the
highest soil resistivity.
2.2 Resistivity Methods:-
Surface electrical resistivity surveying is based on the principle that the distribution of
electrical potential in the ground around a current carrying electrode depends on the electrical
resistivity and distribution of the surrounding soils and rocks. The usual practice in the field
is to apply an electrical direct current (DC) from a battery; or a law frequency square wave
with a commutated to alternate the direction of current flow at the time intervals ranging from
a tenth of a second to tens of seconds.
Power is usually supplied by dry cell batteries in the smaller instruments and motor genera
tans in the larger instruments. From 90 V up to several hundred volts may be used across. In
the battery powered units the current usually is small and is applied only for very short times
while the potential is being measured, so battery consumption is low. Care should be taken to
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here energize the electrodes while they are being handled, because with applied potentials of
hundreds of volts, dangerous and potenntially lethal shocks could be caused. Typical currents
in instrument used for engineering 2 mA to 500 mA. Small quantity of current decreases the
sensitivity of measurement , that problem is solved by improving the electrical contacts at the
electrodes. Problem due to combination of high earth resistivity and large electrode spacing is
solved by increasing the voltage across the current electrode. Where the ground is too hand or
rocky to drive stakes, a common alternative is sheets of aluminum fair burled in shallow
depressions or within small mounds of earth and wetted.
When direct current is used, special provision must be made to eliminate the effects of a
porous, unglazed, ceramic pot, which contains metallic copper electrode filled with
electrolyte in the pores of the ceramic pot. This type of electrodes is used in rocky area. Good
contact of the pot with the ground can be aided by clearing away grass and leagues beneath it,
embedding it slightly in the soil. The pots must be filled with electrolyte several hours before
they are used to allow the electrolyte to penetrate the time pores of the ceramic. The porous
pot electrodes shouted be checked every several hours decreasing the field day to verity the
electrolyte level and the presence of the solid sail to maintain the saturated solution.
Layout of electrodes should be done conducting measuring tapes, since tapes of conducting
materials, it left on the ground during measurement, can influence opponent resistivity
values. Resistivity measurement can also be effected by the metallic tenses, rails pipes or
other conductors, which may induce spontaneous potentials and provide short circuit parts
for the current. The effects of such linear conductors, by laying out the electrode array on a
line perpendicular to the conductor. But in some location, such as some urban in the vicinity
this cannot be done. Also, electrical noise from power lines, cables or other sources may
interfere with measurement. Because of the hearty ubiquitous noise from 60- Hz power sours
may interfere with measurements. In some cases the quality of data affected by electrical
noise can be improved by averaging values obtained from a number of observations,
sometimes electrical noise comes from temporary sources, so better means agreement can be
obtained by waiting unfilled conditions improve occasionally, ambient electrical noise and
other disturbing factors at a site may make resistivity surveying infeasible. Modern resistivity
instruments have capability for data averaging or stacking, this allows resistivity surveys to
proceed in spite at most noisy site conditions and to improve signal to noise ratio for weak
signals.
2.3. Methods of electrical resistivity test
Three important process of Electrical Resistivity tests are

(i) Wenner process
(ii) Schlumberger process
(iii) Dipole Dipole array process.
In this specific site Schlumberger process is followed.
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Schlumberger process:- This method is more practical to use when the task is to plot soil
resistivity at different depths.
Fig.2.1 Resistivity tests (Types)
In the Schlumberger array, A and B are current electrodes. Let the current I enter the ground at A
and return at B. Assuming the medium below the surface of the earth to be homogeneous and
isotropic of resistivity P, the potentials V m and V n as measured at M and N, resistivity given
By:- Vm=PI/27r{1/(a-b/2)-1/(a+b/2)}
Vn=PI/27r{1/a+b/2)-1/(a-b/2)}
So, Vm-Vn=PI/7r{1/(a2/b-b/4)]
So,P=7r(a2/b-b/4)V/I
Equation, (1) may be written as
Pa = K.V/I
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Where, K = (a2 / b- b/4) is the geometric factor for the Schlumberger array.
Where, a = The distance between central point to the any current electrode.
b = The distance between two voltage electrode.
The distance between M and N are always fixed and must less than 40% of the a.
2.4. Apparent Resistivity
Wherever these measurements are made over a real heterogeneous earth, as

distinguished from the fictitious homogeneous half-space, the symbol is replaced by a for
apparent resistivity. The resistivity surveying problem is, reduced to its essence, the use of
apparent resistivity values from field observations at various locations and with various
electrode configurations to estimate the true resistivities of the several earth materials present
at a site and to locate their boundaries spatially below the surface of the site.
An electrode array with constant spacing is used to investigate lateral changes in apparent
resistivity reflecting lateral geologic variability or localized anomalous features. To investigate
changes in resistivity with depth, the size of the electrode array is varied. The apparent
resistivity is affected by material at increasingly greater depths (hence larger volume) as the
electrode spacing is increased. Because of this effect, a plot of apparent resistivity against
electrode spacing can be used to indicate vertical variations in resistivity.
The types of electrode arrays that are most commonly used (Schlumberger, Wenner, and
dipole-dipole) are illustrated in figure 1.
2.5. Depth of investigation
To illustrate the major features of the relationship between apparent resistivity and
electrode spacing, figure 2.2 shows a hypothetical earth model and some hypothetical
apparent resistivity curves. The earth model has a surface layer of resistivity 1 and a
basement layer of resistivity n that extends downward to infinity. There may be
intermediate layers of arbitrary thicknesses and resistivities. The electrode spacing may be
either the Wenner spacing or the Schlumberger spacing a; curves of apparent resistivity
versus spacing will have the same general shape for both arrays, although they will not
generally coincide.
For small electrode spacings, the apparent resistivity is close to the surface layer resistivity,
whereas at large electrode spacings, it approaches the resistivity of the basement layer.
Every apparent resistivity curve thus has two asymptotes, the horizontal lines a = 1 and a =
n, that it approaches at extreme values of electrode spacing. This is true whether n is
greater than 1 or the reverse. The behavior of the curve between the regions where it
approaches the asymptotes depends on the distribution of resistivities in the intermediate
layers. Curve A represents a case in which there is an intermediate layer with a resistivity
greater than n. The behavior of curve B resembles that for the two-layer case or a case
where resistivities increase from the surface down to the basement. The curve might look
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like curve C if there were an intermediate layer with resistivity lower than 1. Unfortunately
for the interpreter, neither the maximum of curve A nor the minimum of curve C reach the
true resistivity values for the intermediate layers, though they may be close if the layers are
very thick.
There is no simple relationship between the electrode spacing at which features of the
apparent resistivity curve are located and the depths to the interfaces between layers. The
depth of investigation will always be less than the electrode spacing.
Fig.2.2 Resistivity curve
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Chapter-3
3.1 Site:- West Padmabill
West Padmabill, an agricultural village inhabited by Tribal, Non-tribal, minority

communities is located under Panisagar Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North
District. It is almost 10-12km far away from Dharmanagar town. A black top road diverges
out from NH-44 road along west-east direction and this black top village road expanses east
to north-westren direction wise from Ramnagar to Jalabasa village. The population of the
village is about 7-8 thousand (source:- Panchayet Office). The 95 %( Source: - Panisagar R.D
Block) villagers are mainly depended on agriculture. The selected site is situated on the
paddy field of villager Pradip Das and 11 m away from the pond.
3.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site:- The latitude and longitude of the test point is
N24017.349 and E0920 11.209 respectively. Generally, the top soil of selected site is
alluvium mixed black loamy soil enriched with organic matters. So, the water bearing
capacity of this type of soil is well also. This village is almost plain along all over direction.
The main geological formation of this site is under the Tipam and Bokabill formation
originated between lower Miocene to Pliocene era. Main geomorphologic unit of this
formation are argillacues facies represented by huge thickness of laminated siltstone, silty
shale with narrow bands of sandstone: occasionally lanticular zone of medium to course
micaceous ferruginous sand stone with mudstone ( Source:-CGWB)
3.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology:- The climate of West Padmabill is very
wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura. The amount of average annual rainfall of this area is
about 2430mm (Source:-CGWB). Therefore, the amount of rainfall in Rainy season at this
site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Rubber is also cultivated in this village.
Being the local soil alluvium mixed black loamy soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area.
Jute and anther vegetables are also cultivated with paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is
cultivated both the kharif and Ravi season. So, there are two watering period. One starts from
March to august and another starts from October to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of
this area are oilseeds, mustard seeds, rep seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume
etc. In dry season (summer& winter), there is scarcity of rainfall other. All natural sources of
water are dried up at this dry season. River basin, brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake,
canal or another natural surface water body or proper water supply system is absent from
here. For this, the rain water of Rainy season cannot be stored for further use. Thats why; the
agricultural cultivation is interrupted in dry season and sometimes in rainy season also due to
scarcity of water. Then, the underground-water can be used as a substitute of surface water in
agricultural purposes. There is an earthen well near this test point and the depth of water level
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in it is almost 6/7m.It is dried up in winter season. Flood does not occur in this area since 15
years (Source: - Local Enquiry).
3.2 Site Plan
Fig.3.1 Site Plan (West Padmabill)
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3.3. Photos of site
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3.4. Test Results
The test result as exerted from electrical resistivity sounding has been presented below as
vertical electrical Sounding (VES) curve (fig.3.2).
Resistivity
1000.00 VES CURVE
Resistivity in' ohm-m' (Logarithmic Scale)
100.00
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
AB/2, in' m' (Logarithmic scale)
Fig.3.2 VES curve (West Padmabill)
The layers are being identified as interpreted from the VES curve has been presented in table
3.1 below. Seven nos. of layers are being identified. In between 40m to 140m depth, a very
low resistivity layer has been found which is highly conductive in nature. This layer signifies
a maximum possibility of ground water in large volume. Also in between 140-180m, low
resistant layers signify the presence of unconfined aquifer. It is concluded that drilling
operation may be useful to achieve good quality and quantity of water from the depth of 40-
180m. After that, the resistivity of rest bottom layers is gradually increasing which signifies
the low quantity of water. Though from a single spot test (1D), it is not possible to project the
yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area and the aquifer thickness, it can be said that this
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site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon per hour in the aquifer depth between 40m-
180m(Unconfined Aquifer).
GEOLITHOLOGICAL STRATIFICATION
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
Average Resistivity= 60.51 ohm-m
1.5m Surface material with loamy alluvium
Layer-2
Average Resistivity= 24.52ohm-m
6m Alluvium with low moisture
Layer-3
20m Clay with low water
Layer-4
40m Sandy clay with low moisture
Layer-5(Unconfined Aquifer)
140m (Silty sand with good water bearing zone)
180m Fine sand with medium water bearing zone
Layer-7
200m Fine sand with low water
Table 3.1. Geo-lithological profile of West Padmabill site
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Chapter-4
4.1 Site:- Jalabassa(Madavpur),
Jalabassa (Madavpur), an agricultural village inhabited by Non-tribal and Minority

communities is located under Panisagar R.D Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North
Tripura District. It is almost 15-16 km far away from Dharmanagar town and almost 5/6 km
from Panisagar . A brick soling road diverges out from Panisagar-Vallukcherra black top road
laying along west- east direction and the rural brick solling road straight expanses south-north
direction wise from Madavpur to Bagbassa village. The population of the village is about 4-5
thousand (Source:-Panisagar R.D Block). The 85% Source:-Panisagar R.D Block) villagers
are mainly depended on agriculture. The selected site for Vertical Electric Sounding Test is
situated at a distance 45m of villager Samar Nath and 7 m away from Madavpur to Bagbassa
rural brick soling road. It is situated on the paddy land of villager Nagendra Mallik.
N24015.640 and E0920 12.167 respectively.Generally, the top soil of selected site is
alluvium mixed loamy soil enriched with humus. So, the water bearing capacity of this type
of soil is well also. The site is characterized by a small extended trending slope from east to
westward. The vertical difference between the highest point of north direction and the lowest
point of south direction is less than 10m. The village is almost plain along south to north
direction. Major paddy lands are situated ailong this direction in this village. The main
geological formation of this site is under the Tipam and Bokabill formation originated
between lower Miocene to Pliocene era. Main geomorphologic unit of this formation are
argillacues facies represented by huge thickness of laminated siltstone, silty shale with
narrow bands of sandstone: occasionally lanticular zone of medium to course micaceous
ferruginous sand stone with mudstone (Source:-CGWB)
4.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology:- The climate of Jalabassa (Madavpur)

village is very wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura. The amount of average annual rainfall
of this area is about 2430mm (Source:-CGWB). Therefore, the amount of rainfall in Rainy
season at this site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil alluvium
mixed loamy soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and anther vegetables are also
cultivated with paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is cultivated both the kharif and Ravi
season. So, there are two watering period. One starts from March to august and another starts
from October to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of this area are oilseeds, mustard
seeds, rep seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume etc. In dry season (summer&
winter), there is scarcity of rainfall. All natural sources of water are dried up at this dry
season. River basin, brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake, canal or another natural surface
water body or proper water supply system is absent from this site. For this, the rain water of
Rainy season cannot be stored for further use. Thats why; the agricultural cultivation is
interrupted in dry season and sometimes in rainy season also due to scarcity of water. Then,
the underground-water can be used as a substitute of surface water in agricultural purposes.
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There are masonry well near this test point and the water level is at a depth of 15feet
approximately. It can serve water during whole year. Flood occurs in this area at the last year
and flooded the whole paddy fields (Source: - Panchayet member).
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4.1 Site Plan(Jalabassa-Madavpur)
Fig.4.1 Site Plan (Jalabassa-Madavpur)
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4.3 Photos of site
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4.4. Test Results
VES CURVE
10000.00
Resistivity in 'ohm-m' (Logarithmic
1000.00
Scale)
100.00
Resistivity
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
AB/2 in 'm' (Logarithmic Scale)
Fig.4.2 VES curve (Jalabassa-Madavpur)
4.5 Discussion and recommendation
The layers are being identified as interpreted from the VES curve has been presented in Table
4.1 below. Seven nos. of layers are being identified. In between 30m to 80m depth low
resistant layer has been found which is highly conductive in nature and afterwards from 80m
to 100m very high resistant layer (Average resistivity=1550.02 ohm-m) has been found
which is very low in conductivity. It is the layer of one type of aquitard (hard sandstone).
Thereafter from 100m to 200m, the continued layer of high conductive nature is found with
low resistivity. It is concluded that drilling operation may be useful to achieve good quality
and quantity of water from the depth of 30-80m and 100-200m. Though from a single spot
test (1D), it is not possible to project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area and the
aquifer thickness, it can be said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon per hour
in the aquifer depth between 30m-80m and100m-200m(Unconfined Aquifer).
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GEOLOGICAL STRATIFICATION
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
2m Surface material with loamy alluvium
Layer-2
Loa my cl a y wi th l ow moi s ture
6m
Layer-3
Clay with low water
30m
80m Silty sand with good water bearing zone
Layer-5(Aquitard)
100m Hard sandstone zone
Layer-6(Un Confined aquifer)
160m Fine sand with good water bearing zone
Layer-7(Un Confined aquifer)
Average Resistivity=55.27ohm-m
Table 4.1. Geo-lithological profile of Jalabassa (Madavpur) site
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Chapter-5
5.1 Site:-South panisagar
South Panisagar Village is an agricultural village inhabited by Tribal and Non-tribal

communities located under Panisagar R.D Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North
Tripura District. It is almost 15-16km far away from Dharmanagar town Ana almost 3-4 km
far away from Panisagar Town. A black top branch road diverges out from Assam-
agartala(NH-44) main road lying along north to southward direction and this black top branch
road expanses south-north direction wise from Panisagar B.S.F Camp to West Panisagar
village. The population of the village is about 5-6 thousand (Source:-.Panisagar R.D Block)
The 80 %( Source:-.Panisagar R.D Block) villagers are mainly depended on agriculture. The
selected site is situated between the 3.5m distance from edge of Panisagar B.S.F Camp to
West Panisagar black top branch road and is situated on the land of Vaggeswar Das.
N24015.251 and E0920 08.036 respectively. Generally, the top soil of selected site is loamy
soil mixed with red laterite. The site is characterized by a small extended trending slope from
west to eastward. The vertical difference between the highest point of west direction and the
lowest point of east direction is less than 10m. The site is almost plain along the north-south
direction. Paddy fields and agricultural lands of this village are scattered all over direction of
the village. . The main geological formation of this site is under the Tipam and Bokabill
formation originated between lower Miocene to Pliocene era. Main geomorphologic unit of
this formation are argillacues facies represented by huge thickness of laminated siltstone,
silty shale with narrow bands of sandstone: occasionally lanticular zone of medium to course
micaceous ferruginous sand stone with mudstone (Source:-CGWB)
5.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of South Panisagar

is very wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura. The amount of average annual rainfall of this
area is about 2430mm (Source:-CGWB). Therefore, the amount of rainfall in Rainy season at
this site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil red laterite mixed
loamy soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and other vegetables are also
season. So, there are two watering period. One starts from March and continue to August and
another starts from October and continue up-to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of this
area are oilseeds, mustard seeds, rep seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume and
other vegetables etc. In dry season (summer& winter), there is scarcity of rainfall. All natural
sources of water are dried up at this dry season.There is a local rivulet named Bilthaicherra,
originated from Haldicherra hillocks and has confluenced into Juri River. But this rivulet
cannot serve sufficient water at the time of dry season for irrigation purposes. Other big river
basin, brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake, canal or another natural surface water body or
proper water supply system is absent from here. For this, the rain water of rainy season
cannot be stored for further use. Thats why; the agricultural cultivation is interrupted in dry
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season and sometimes in rainy season also due to scarcity of water. Then, the underground-
water can be used as a substitute of surface water in agricultural purposes. There are no any
submerged well and tube wells situated near the test point. Flood did not occur in this area for
last 15 years.(Source:- Local Enquiry).
5.2 Site Plan
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Fig.5.1 Site Plan (South Panisagar)
5.3. Photos of site
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5.4. Test Results
VES CURVE
1000.00
100.00
Scale)
Resistivity
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.5.2 VES curve (South Panisagar)
5.1 below. Eight nos. of layers are being identified. In between 20m to 80m depth, low
resistant layers have been found which are moderately conductive in nature signifies a
possibility of ground water in moderate volume. Afterwards from 80m to 240m high resistant
layer has been found which is very low in conductivity which signifies the absence of aquifer
of suifficent volume .In between 140m-180m, a aquitard( Siltstone) layer is existed . Though
from a single spot test (1D), it is not possible to project the yield of the aquifer but still
knowing the area and the aquifer thickness, it can be said that this site can not receive a yield
above 10000.00 Gallon per.
CECSPL Page 27
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
3m Loamy soil with low moisture
Layer-2
Sa ndy cl a y wi th l ow wa ter
20m
Clayey sand with good water bearing zone
40m
50m Clayey sand with medium water bearing zone
80m Clayey sand with good water bearing zone
Layer-6
140m Clayey sand with low moisture
Layer-7(Aquitard)
180m Siltstone zone
Layer-8
240m Fine sand with carbonate concretions
Table 5.1. Geo-lithological profile of South Panisagar site
CECSPL Page 28
Chapter-6
6.1 Site:-West Panisagar
West Panisagar is an agricultural village inhabited by Tribal, minorities and Non-tribal

communities and located under Panisagar R.D Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North
Tripura District. It is almost 15-16 km far away from Dharmanagar town and 5/6 km from
Panisagar town. A brick soling branch road diverges out from West panisagar-Chandra
Halampara A.D.C Village black road laying along east- south western direction and the rural
brick soling road straight expanses east-west direction wise from Chandra Halampara to West
Panisagar village. The population of the village is about 4-4.5 thousand (Source:-Panisagar
R.D Block). The 75% villagers are mainly depended on agriculture Source:-Panisagar R.D
Block). The selected site for Vertical Electric Sounding Test is situated on the land of villager
Nikumar Deb and 6.5 m away from West Panisagar to Chandra Halampara rural brick soling
road.
N24015.252 and E0910 08.037 respectively. Generally, the top soil of selected site is black
loamy soil. Hence, the water bearing capacity of the soil is well also. The site is characterized
by a small extended trending slope from west to eastward and another slope is from north to
southward direction. The vertical difference between the highest point of west direction to
lowest point of east direction and the highest point of north direction to the lowest point of
south direction is less than 10m. Paddy fields of this village are extended along all over
direction. The main geological formation of this site is under the Tipam and Bokabill
6.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of West Panisagar

is wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura. . The amount of average annual rainfall of this area
is about 2430mm (Source:-CGWB). Therefore, the amount of rainfall in Rainy season at this
site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil humus mixed loamy soil;
the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and other vegetables are also cultivated with
paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is cultivated both the kharif and Ravi season. So, there are
two watering period. One starts from March and continues up-to August and another starts
from October and continues up-to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of this area are
oilseeds, mustard seeds, rep seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume and other
vegetables etc. In dry season (summer& winter), there is scarcity of rainfall and other natural
surface water. All natural sources of water are dried up at this dry season. Big River basin,
brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake, canal or another natural surface water body or proper
water supply system is absent from here. For this, the rain water of Rainy season cannot be
stored for further use. Thats why; the agricultural cultivation is interrupted in dry season and
sometimes in rainy season also due to scarcity of water. Then, the underground-water can be
used as a substitute of surface water in agricultural purposes. There is one tube well near this
CECSPL Page 29
test point and the water is available at a depth of 40 m approximately in the well. The tube
well canniot serve due to the damage of pump machine. Flood does not occur in this area for
a long time.(Source:- Local Enquiry).
CECSPL Page 30
6.2 Site Plan
Fig.6.1 Site Plan (West Panisagar)
CECSPL Page 31
6.3. Photos of site
6.4. Test Results
1000.00 VES CURVE Resistivity

Resistivity in' ohm-m' (Logarithmic
100.00
Scale)
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.6.2 VES curve (West Panisagar)
5.1 below. Ten nos. of layers are being identified. In between 20m to 50m depth low resistant
layer has been found which is medium in conductivity in nature signifies a possibility of
groundwater in moderate volume. At a depth of 80m-140m, a confined aquifier of very low
resistivity is sanwinched by two high resistant aquitard layer(Siltstone) at its top and bottom,
signifies a maximum possibility of fresh and well quantity ground water. Though from a
single spot test (1D), it is not possible to project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the
area and the aquifer thickness, it can be said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00
Gallon per hour in the aquifer depth between 20m-50m(Unconfined Aquifer) and 80m-
140m(Confined Aquifer).
CECSPL Page 32
GEOLITHOLOGICAL STRATIFICATION
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
1.5m (Surface material with alluvium)
Layer-2
4m (Alluvium with low moisture)
Layer-3
8m Alluvium with low water
Layer-4
20m Clayey sand with low moisture
Layer-7 (Aquitard)
80m Siltstone zone
Layer-8(Confined Aquifer)
Layer-9 (Aquitard)
180m Siltstone zone
Layer-10 (Un confined aquifer)
Table 6.1. Geo-lithological profile of West Panisagar site
CECSPL Page 33
Chapter-7
7.1 Site:-Dewanpasa
Kulubari is an agricultural village inhabited by minorities and Non-tribal communities and

located under Yubarajnagar Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North Tripura District. It
is almost 10/12 km far away from Dharmanagar town. A black top road diverges out from
Dharmanagar-Kailasahar black top road lying along east- west direction and the rural black
top road straight expanses north-south direction wise from Derwanpasa to Madhubari
(Radhapur) village. The population of the village is about 6.5-7 thousand (Source: -
Panchayet office). The 90% (Source:-Panisagar R.D Block) villagers are mainly depended on
agriculture. The selected site for Vertical Electric Sounding Test is situated at a distance of
4m away from the edge of Dewanpasa- madhubari (Radhapur) rural black top road and is
situated on the agricultural land of the villager Manik Debnath .
N24021.598 and E0910 08.786 respectively. Generally, the top soil of selected site is
alluvium mixed loamy soil enriched with organanic river sediment. So, the water bearing
capacity of this type of soil is well also. The site is almost plain along all direction. Paddy
fields and agricultural lands of this village are extended along all direction of the village. The
main geological formation of this site is under the Tipam and Bokabill formation originated
between lower Miocene to Pliocene era. Main geomorphologic unit of this formation are
argillacues facies represented by huge thickness of laminated siltstone, silty shale with
narrow bands of sandstone: occasionally lanticular zone of medium to course micaceous
ferruginous sand stone with mudstone (Source:-CGWB)
7.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology The climate of Dewanpasa is very wet
monsoonal like as whole Tripura.The amount of average annual rainfall of this area is about
2430mm (Source:-CGWB). Therefore, the amount of rainfall in Rainy season at this site for
agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil Organic river sediment mixed
loamy soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and anther vegetables are also
seeds, rep seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume etc. In dry season (summer&
winter), there is scarcity of rainfall and other natural surface water. All natural sources of
water are dried up at this dry season. There is a local rivulet named Suknacherra, originated
from Deo-river and has confluenced into Juri River. But this rivulet cannot serve sufficient
water at the time of dry season for irrigation purposes. Other big River basin, brook or
rivulet, natural fountain, lake, canal or another natural surface water body or proper water
supply system is absent from here. For this, the rain water of Rainy season cannot be stored
for further use. Thats why; the agricultural cultivation is interrupted in dry season and
CECSPL Page 34
used as a substitute of surface water in agricultural purposes. There is no any deep tubewell
or submerged well near the test point.Every year flood occurs in this site and have flooded
these paddy fields. (Source: - Local Enquiry)
CECSPL Page 35
7.2 Site Plan
Fig.7.1 Site Plan (Dewanpasa)
CECSPL Page 36
7.3. Photos of site
CECSPL Page 37
7.4. Test Results
VES CURVE
1000.00
100.00
Scale)
10.00
Resistivity
1.00
0.10
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.7.2 VES curve (Dewanpasa)
7.5. Discussion and recommendation
5.1 below. Seven nos. of layers are being identified. In between 20m to 120m depth very low
to low to medium resistant layers has been found which is high in conductivity in nature
signifies a maximum possibility of fresh groundwater in large volume.Afterward, at the depth
of 120m-200m, a medium resistant layer also has been found which is moderate in
conductivity signifies the possibility of ground water in moderate volume. Though from a
single spot test (1D), it is not possible to project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the
area and the aquifer thickness, it can be said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00
Gallon per hour in the aquifer depth between 20m-120m(Unconfined Aquifer) and 120m-
200m(Un-onfined Aquifer).
CECSPL Page 38
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
3m Surface material with loamy soil
Layer-2
Loa my cl a y wi th wa ter
8m
Layer-3
Loamy clay with low moisture
10m
Layer-4
Layer-5
20m Clay with low moisture
120m Silty sand with good water bearing zone
Table 7.1. Geo-lithological profile of Dewanpasa site
CECSPL Page 39
Chapter-8
8.1 Site:-Govindapur
Govindapur is an agricultural village inhabited by Non-Tribal and Minority communities and

located under Kalacherra Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North Tripura District. It is
almost 17/18 km far away from Dharmanagar town. A Earth filling road diverges out from
Assam-Agartala main road (NH-44) laying along east- west direction and the Earthen ridge
straight expanses north-south direction wise towards the site. The population of the village is
about 3-3.5 thousand (Source: - Kadamtala R.D Block). The 80 %( Source: - Kadamtala R.D
Block) Block villagers are mainly dependent on agriculture. The selected site for Vertical
Electric Sounding (VES) is situated between the 22m distance from the Eaerthen ridge and
3.5m from Assam-Agartala road and is situated on the land of the villager Bishu Nath.
N24020.091 and E 920 12.337 respectively. Generally, the top soil of selected site is Loamy
alluvium. So, the water bearing capacity of this type of soil is well also. The site is almost
plain along the all over direction. Paddy fields of this village are extended along east-west
direction. The main geological formation of this site is under the Tipam and Bokabill
8.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of Govindapur is

very wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura The amount of average annual rainfall of this area
site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil alluvium mixed loamy
soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and anther vegetables are also cultivated
with paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is cultivated both the kharif and Ravi season. So,
there are two watering period. One starts from March to august and another starts from
October to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of this area are oilseeds, mustard seeds, rep
seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume and other vegetables etc. In dry season
(summer & winter), there is scarcity of rainfall and other natural surface water. All natural
sources of water are dried up at this dry season. Big river basin, brook or rivulet, natural
fountain, lake, canal or another natural surface water body or proper water supply system is
absent from here. For this, the rain water of rainy season cannot be stored for further use.
Thats why; the agricultural cultivation is interrupted in dry season and sometimes in rainy
season also due to scarcity of water. Then, the underground-water can be used as a substitute
of surface water in agricultural purposes. There is a ring well near the VES point. The depth
of water is almost 22feet in it. It can serve water during the whole year. Flood does not occur
in this area for long time. (Source: - Local Enquiry).
CECSPL Page 40
8.2 Site Plan
Fig.8.1 Site Plan (Govindapur)
8.3. Photos of site
CECSPL Page 41
8.4. Test Results
1000.00
VES CURVE Resistivity
Resistivity in' ohm-m' (Logarithmic Scale)
100.00
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.8.2 VES curve (Govindapur)
8.1 below. Tweleve nos. of layers are being identified. In between 30m to 140m depth low to
medium resistant layers have been found which is moderate to high conductive in nature
signifies a great possibility of groundwater in sufficient volume, After 180m, a aquitard layer
(Siltston) of higher resistance is found. Though from a single spot test (1D), it is not possible
to project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area and the aquifer thickness, it can
be said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon per hour in the aquifer depth
between 30m-140m(Un-onfined Aquifer).
CECSPL Page 42
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
3m (Black loamy soil)
Layer-2
20m (Loamy clay with low moisture)
Layer-3
30m (Clay with low water)
40m Black clayey sand with medium water bearing zone
50m Black clayey sand with poor water bearing zone
60m Black clayey sand with good water bearing zone
Black clayey sand with medium water bearing zone
80m
100m Black clayey sand with poor water bearing zone
Average Resistivity=43.97 ohm-m
140m Fine sand with poor water bearing zone
Layer-11
180m Fine sand with carbonate concretions
Layer-12(Aquitard)
200m Siltstone zone
Table 8.1. Geo-lithological profile of Site:- Govindapur
CECSPL Page 43
Chapter-9
9.1 Site:-Yubarajnagar
Yubarajnagar is an agricultural village inhabited by Non-Tribal and Minority communities

and located under Yubarajnagar Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North Tripura
District. It is almost 10/12 km far away from Dharmanagar town. A black top road is
extended through this site laying along east- west direction from krishnapur to Thilthai. The
population of the village is about 6-6.5 thousand (Source: - Panisagar R.D Block). The 80 %(
Source: - Panisagar R.D Block) villagers are mainly dependent on agriculture. The selected
site for Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) is situated between the 80m distance from the
Ringwell and 10m from Culvert and is situated on the land of the villager Amuri Nath.
alluvium with red laterite. So, the water bearing capacity of this type of soil is well also. The
site is almost plain along the all over direction. Paddy and agricultural fields of this village
are scattered along all over direction. The main geological formation of this site is under the
Tipam and Bokabill formation originated between lower Miocene to Pliocene era. Main
geomorphologic unit of this formation are argillacues facies represented by huge thickness of
laminated siltstone, silty shale with narrow bands of sandstone: occasionally lanticular zone
of medium to course micaceous ferruginous sand stone with mudstone (Source:-CGWB)
9.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of Yubarajnagar is

very wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura The amount of average annual rainfall of this area
site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil laterite mixed loamy soil;
the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and anther vegetables are also cultivated with
paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is cultivated both the kharif and Ravi season. So, there are
two watering period. One starts from March to august and another starts from October to last
week of January. Other Ravi crops of this area are oilseeds, mustard seeds, rep seeds,
leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume and other vegetables etc. In dry season (summer
& winter), there is scarcity of rainfall and other natural surface water. All natural sources of
water are dried up at this dry season. Big river basin, brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake,
here. For this, the rain water of rainy season cannot be stored for further use. Thats why; the
agricultural purposes. There is a ring well near the VES point. The depth of water is almost
24feet in it. It can serve water during the whole year. Flood does not occur in this area for
long time. (Source: - Local Enquiry).
CECSPL Page 44
9.2 Site Plan
Fig.9.1 Site Plan (Yubarajnagar)
9.3. Photos of site
CECSPL Page 45
CECSPL Page 46
9.4. Test Results
VES CURVE
1000.00
100.00
Scale)
Resistivity
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.9.2 VES curve (Yubarajnagar)
9.1 below. Seven nos. of layers are being identified. In between 30m to 200m depth very low
to moderate to low resistant layers have been found which are high to moderate conductive in
nature signifies a great possibility of groundwater in sufficient volume. Though from a single
spot test (1D), it is not possible to project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area
and the aquifer thickness, it can be said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon
per hour in the aquifer depth between 30m-200m(Un-onfined Aquifer).
CECSPL Page 47
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
1.5m Surface material with loamy soil
Layer-2
Loa my cl a y wi th l ow wa ter
4m
Layer-3
Silty clay with low water
30m
80m Si l ty s a nd wi th medi um wa ter bea ri ng zone
Table 9.1. Geo-lithological profile of Site:- Yubarajnagar
CECSPL Page 48
Chapter-10
10.1 Site:-North Laljuri A.D.C Village (Lankadhar para)
North Laljuri A.D.C Village (Lankadhar para)is an agricultural village inhabited by Tribal
communities and located under Laljuri Block of Kanchanpur sub-division of North Tripura
District. It is almost 20/22 km far away from Kanchanpur town. A Earth filling road diverges
out from Dharmanagar-Kanchanpur black top road laying along east- west direction and the
Earthen r0ad straight expanses north-south direction wise towards the Burbajoy para. The
population of the village is about 2-2.5 thousand (Source: - Panchayet chairman). The 80 %(
Source: - Panchayet Office) villagers are mainly dependent on agriculture. The selected site
for Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) is situated between the 60m distance from the
Residence of Sabitri Reang and 30m from the ring well and is situated on the land of the
villager Sabitri Reang.
soil. So, the water bearing capacity of this type of soil is well also. The site is characterized
by a small extended trending slope from west to eastward and another slope is from north to
southward direction. The vertical difference between the highest point of west direction to
lowest point of east direction and the highest point of north direction to the lowest point of
south direction is less than 10m. Paddy fields of this village are extended along north-south
direction. The main geological formation of this site is under the upper Tipam was originated
at Pliocene era. Main geomorphologic thick unit of massive grey to buff coloured medium to
coarse grained sandstone showing ribbed structure in the lower portion; contains boulders and
calcareous concretions and coal streaks (Source:-CGWB)
10.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of North Laljuri A.D.C
Village (Lankadhar para)is very wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura. The amount of
average annual rainfall of this area for last 35 years(1971-2008) is about 2430mm (Source:-
CGWB). Out of that the average monsoon rainfall is 1630mm. The average number of rainy
days for last 5 years is 110.Maximum rainfall of 4026mm(1993) recorded at kailasahar and
minimum rainfall of 1598mm(2001) recorded at Kanchanpur. Therefore, the amount of
rainfall in Rainy season at this site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local
loamy soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and anther vegetables are also
seeds, rep seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume and other vegetables etc.
Rubber is also cultivated here. In dry season (summer & winter), there is scarcity of rainfall
and other natural surface water. All natural sources of water are dried up at this dry season.
Big river basin, brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake, canal or another natural surface water
body or proper water supply system is absent from here. For this, the rain water of rainy
season cannot be stored for further use. Thats why; the agricultural cultivation is interrupted
in dry season and sometimes in rainy season also due to scarcity of water. Then, the
CECSPL Page 49
underground-water can be used as a substitute of surface water in agricultural purposes.

There is a ring well near the VES point. The depth of water is almost 30feet in it. It can serve
water during the whole year. Flood does not occur in this area for long time. (Source: - Local
Enquiry).
10.2 Site Plan
Fig.10.1 Site Plan (North Laljuri A.D.C Village-Lankadhar para)
CECSPL Page 50
10.3. Photos of site
CECSPL Page 51
10.4. Test Results
VES CURVE
1000.00
Resistivity in 'ohm-m' (Logarithmic Scale)
100.00
Resistivity
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.10.2 VES curve (North Laljuri A.D.C Village-Lankadhar para)
10.1 below. Tweleve nos. of layers are being identified. In between 25m to 60m depth low to
medium resistant layers have been found which is moderate conductive in nature signifies a
possibility of groundwater in moderate volume. Again, at a depth 100m-180m, a moderate
conductive layer is existed with a possibility of ground water bearing zone. After this depth,
resistivity of layers is gradually increasing. Though from a single spot test (1D), it is not
possible to project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area and the aquifer thickness,
it can be said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon per hour in the aquifer
depth between 25m-60m(Un-confined Aquifer) and 100-180m (Un-confined Aquifer).
CECSPL Page 52
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
2m Al l uvi um mi xed l oa my s oi l
Layer-2
Dry s a ndy l oa my cl a y
4m
Layer-3
Clayey sand with low moisture
20m
Layer-4
25m Clayey silty sand with low water
30m Clayey sand with low water bearing zone
Clayey sand with medium water bearing
40m zone
Clayey sand with low water bearing zone
50m
Clayey sand with medium water bearing
60m zone
Layer-9
100m Clayey sand with low water
Fand with low water bearing
180m zone
Layer-11
200m Clayey sand with low water
Layer-12
240m Fine sand with low moisture
Table 10.1. Geo-lithological profile of Site: - North Laljuri A.D.C Village-Lankadhar para
CECSPL Page 53
Chapter-11
11.1 Site:-South Laljuri A.D.C Village (Jayashree)
North Laljuri A.D.C Village is an agricultural village inhabited by Tribal communities, Non-
Tribal communities and located under Laljuri Block of Kanchanpur sub-division of North
Tripura District. It is almost 18/20 km far away from Kanchanpur town. The population of
the village is about 2-2.2 thousand (Source: - Panchayet chairman). The 90 %( Source: -
Panchayet Office) villagers are mainly dependent on agriculture. The selected site for
Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) is situated between the 20m distance from the Residence of
Istan Khasiya and 30m from the ring well and is situated on the land of the villager Istan
Khasiya.
soil mixed witnh river sediment. So, the water bearing capacity of this type of soil is well
also. The site is characterized by a small extended trending slope from west to eastward and
another slope is from north to southward direction. The vertical difference between the
highest point of west direction to lowest point of east direction and the highest point of north
direction to the lowest point of south direction is less than 10m. The main geological
formation of this site is under the upper Tipam was originated at Pliocene era. Main
geomorphologic thick unit of massive grey to buff coloured medium to coarse grained
sandstone showing ribbed structure in the lower portion; contains boulders and calcareous
concretions and coal streaks (Source:-CGWB)
11.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of South Laljuri A.D.C
Village (Jayashree) is very wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura. The amount of average
annual rainfall of this area for last 35 years(1971-2008) is about 2430mm (Source:-CGWB).
Out of that the average monsoon rainfall is 1630mm. The average number of rainy days for
last 5 years is 110.Maximum rainfall of 4026mm(1993) recorded at kailasahar and minimum
rainfall of 1598mm(2001) recorded at Kanchanpur. Therefore, the amount of rainfall in
Rainy season at this site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil
loamy soil mixed with river sediment; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and
anther vegetables are also cultivated with paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is cultivated both
the kharif and Ravi season. So, there are two watering period. One starts from March to
august and another starts from October to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of this area
are oilseeds, mustard seeds, rep seeds, leguminous seeds of pulse, beans, reassume and other
vegetables etc. Rubber is also cultivated here. In dry season (summer & winter), there is
scarcity of rainfall and other natural surface water. All natural sources of water are dried up at
this dry season. There is a local rivulet named Laljuricherra, originated from Jampui hill and
has confluenced into Deo River. But this rivulet cannot serve sufficient water at the time of
dry season for irrigation purposes Big river basin, brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake,
here. For this, the rain water of rainy season cannot be stored for further use. Thats why; the
CECSPL Page 54
agricultural purposes. There is a ring well near the VES point. The depth of water is almost
130feet in it. It can serve water during the whole year. Flood does not occur in this area for
long time. (Source: - Local Enquiry).
11.2 Site Plan
Fig.11.1 Site Plan (South Laljuri A.D.C Village-Jayashree)
CECSPL Page 55
CECSPL Page 56
11.4. Test Results
1000.00
VES CURVE
Resistivity in 'ohm-m' (Logarithmic Scale)
100.00
10.00
1.00
1.00 AB/2 in 'm' (Logarithmic Scale) 10.00 100.00
Fig.11.2 VES curve (South Laljuri A.D.C Village-Jayashree)
11.1 below. Eleven nos. of layers are being identified. In between 40m to 120m depth low to
medium resistant layers have been found which is moderate conductive in nature signifies a
possibility of groundwater in moderate volume. After this depth, resistivity of layers is
gradually increasing upto 200m. Though from a single spot test (1D), it is not possible to
project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area and the aquifer thickness, it can be
said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon per hour in the aquifer depth
between 40m-120m (Un-confined Aquifer).
CECSPL Page 57
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
1.5m Surface material with Sandy Loamy soil
Layer-2
3m
Layer-3
Clay with low moisture
15m
Layer-4
30m Sandy clay with low water
Layer-10
Layer-11
Average Resistivity=164,47ohm-m
Table 11.1. Geo-lithological profile of Site: - South Laljuri A.D.C Village-Jayashree
CECSPL Page 58
Chapter-12
12.1 Site:-Shivnagar(Bhuiyacherra)
North Laljuri A.D.C Village (Lankadhar para)is an agricultural village inhabited by Tribal
and Non-tribalcommunities and located under Laljuri Block of Kanchanpur sub-division of
North Tripura District. It is almost 15/16 km far away from Kanchanpur town. A Earth filling
road diverges out from Dharmanagar-Kanchanpur black top road laying along north- south
direction and the Earthen road expanses east to north-western direction wise towards the
Bhuicherra. The population of the village is about 4-4.5 thousand (Source: - Panchayet
chairman). The 90 %( Source: - Panchayet Office) villagers are mainly dependent on
agriculture. The selected site for Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) is situated between the
90m distance from the local cherra and 17m from edge of the earthen road and is situated on
the land of the villager Pabitra Nath.
soil with. So, the water bearing capacity of this type of soil is well also. The site is
characterized by a small extended trending slope from west to eastward. The vertical
difference between the highest point of west direction to lowest point of east is less than 10m.
The site is almost plain along north-south direction. Paddy fields of this village are extended
along this direction. The main geological formation of this site is under the upper Tipam was
originated at Pliocene era. Main geomorphologic thick unit of massive grey to buff coloured
medium to coarse grained sandstone showing ribbed structure in the lower portion; contains
boulders and calcareous concretions and coal streaks (Source:-CGWB)
12.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of North Laljuri A.D.C
Village (Lankadhar para)is very wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura. The amount of
average annual rainfall of this area for last 35 years(1971-2008) is about 2430mm (Source:-
CGWB). Out of that the average monsoon rainfall is 1630mm. The average number of rainy
days for last 5 years is 110.Maximum rainfall of 4026mm(1993) recorded at kailasahar and
minimum rainfall of 1598mm(2001) recorded at Kanchanpur. Therefore, the amount of
rainfall in Rainy season at this site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local
soil alluvium mixed loamy soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and anther
vegetables are also cultivated with paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is cultivated both the
kharif and Ravi season. So, there are two watering period. One starts from March to august
and another starts from October to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of this area are
vegetables etc. Rubber is also cultivated here. In dry season (summer & winter), there is
scarcity of rainfall and other natural surface water. All natural sources of water are dried up at
this dry season.A local narrow rivuletis existed within 100m of test point. But it enables to
serve water at dry season. Big river basin, brook or rivulet, natural fountain, lake, canal or
another natural surface water body or proper water supply system is absent from here. For
this, the rain water of rainy season cannot be stored for further use. Thats why; the
CECSPL Page 59
agricultural purposes.There is no any tubewell or submerged well near the test point. Flood
does not occur in this area for long time. (Source: - Local Enquiry).
12.2 Site Plan
Fig.12.1 Site Plan (Shivnagar-Bhuiyacherra)
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12.4. Test Results
VES CURVE
1000.00
100.00
Scale)
Resistivity
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.12.2 VES curve (Shivnagar-Bhuiyacherra)
12.1 below. Tweleve nos. of layers are being identified. In between 30m to 160m depth low
to medium resistant layers have been found which is moderate conductive in nature signifies
a possibility of groundwater in moderate volume. After this depth, resistivity of layers is
gradually increasing. Though from a single spot test (1D), it is not possible to project the
yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area and the aquifer thickness, it can be said that this
site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon per hour in the aquifer depth between 30-160m
(Un-confined Aquifer).
CECSPL Page 62
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
1.5m Surface material
Layer-2
Sa ndy cl a y wi th l ow moi s ture
2m
Layer-3
Clay with low moisture
15m
Layer-4
20m Sandy Clay with low water
Layer-5
50m Clayey Sand with medium water bearing zone
60m Fine Sand with good water bearing zone
80m Clayey Sand with medium water bearing zone
120m Clayey Sand with low water bearing zone
160m Fine Sand with low water bearing zone
Layer-12
200m Sandy clay with low water
Table 12.1. Geo-lithological profile of Site: - Shivnagar-Bhuiyacherra.
CECSPL Page 63
Chapter-13
13.1 Site:-Monacherra A.D.C Village
Monacherra A.D.C Village is an agricultural village mainly inhabited by Tribal

communities and located under Damcherra Block of Dharmanagar sub-division of North
Tripura District. It is almost 20/25 km far away from Damcherra market and 70/80km from
Dharmanagar.A earthen road diverges out from Damcherra-Khedacherra black top road lying
along east to west direction and this earthen road is extended north to south-eastern Direction
towards the tst point. The population of the village is about 2-2.5 thousand (Source: - Village
Chairman). The 95 %( Source: - Village chairman) villagers are mainly dependent on
agriculture. The selected site for Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) is situated between the
150m distance from the bank of Langai river is situated on the land of the villager Akshay Kr
Reang( father: - Late Dhanchandra Reang)
alluvium with organic river sediment. So, the water bearing capacity of this type of soil is
well also. The site is characterized by a small extended trending slope from north-east to
south-westward. The vertical difference between the highest points of north-east direction to
lowest point of south-west is more than 10m. The site is almost plain along west-east
direction. The agricultural fields are situated along this direction. The main geological
formation of this site is under the Tipam and Bokabill formation originated between lower
Miocene to Pliocene era. Main geomorphologic unit of this formation are argillacues facies
represented by huge thickness of laminated siltstone, silty shale with narrow bands of
sandstone: occasionally lanticular zone of medium to course micaceous ferruginous sand
stone with mudstone (Source:-CGWB)
13.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology: - The climate of Yubarajnagar is very

wet monsoonal like as whole Tripura The amount of average annual rainfall of this area is
about 2430mm (Source:-CGWB). Therefore, the amount of rainfall in Rainy season at this
site for agricultural purposes is quite sufficient. Being the local soil alluvium and organic
river sedimentbmixed loamy soil; the paddy is the major crop of this area. Jute and anther
vegetables are also cultivated with paddy as a kharif crop. The paddy is cultivated both the
kharif and Ravi season. So, there are two watering period. One starts from March to august
and another starts from October to last week of January. Other Ravi crops of this area are
vegetables etc. In dry season (summer & winter), there is scarcity of rainfall and other natural
surface water. All natural sources of water are dried up at this dry season.There is a river
named Langai, originated from Jampui hill and has confluenced into Barak River(Assam).
But this river cannot serve sufficient water at the time of dry season for irrigation purposes.
Natural fountain, lake, canal or another natural surface water body or proper water supply
system is absent from here. For this, the rain water of rainy season cannot be stored for
further use. Thats why; the agricultural cultivation is interrupted in dry season and
CECSPL Page 64
used as a substitute of surface water in agricultural purposes. There is no any submerged well
or deep tubewell near the test point. Flood occurs in this area for at the time of rainy season.
(Source: - Local Enquiry).
13.2 Site Plan
Fig.13.1 Site Plan (Manacherra A.D.C Village)
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13.4. Test Results
VES CURVE
1000.00
100.00
Scale)
Resistivity
10.00
1.00
1.00 10.00 100.00
Fig.13.2 VES curve (Manacherra A.D.C Village)
13.1 below. Nine nos. of layers are being identified. In between 30m to 200m depth very low
to moderate resistant layers have been found which are high to moderate conductive in nature
signifies a great possibility of groundwater in sufficient volume. Though from a single spot
test (1D), it is not possible to project the yield of the aquifer but still knowing the area and the
CECSPL Page 67
aquifer thickness, it can be said that this site receive a yield above 10000.00 Gallon per hour
in the aquifer depth between 30m-200m(Un-onfined Aquifer).
GROUND LEVEL
Layer-1
1.5m Surface material
Layer-2
3m
Layer-3
Clay with low water
6m
Layer-4
15m Sandy clay with moisture
Layer-5
Layer-6
30m Sandy clay with low moisture
Layer-7(Unconfined aquifer)
120m Clayey Sand with good water bearing zone
200m Fine sand with low water bearing zone
Table 13.1. Geo-lithological profile of Site:- Manacherra

A.D.C Village
Report Prepared by Checked and Approved by
Er.D. Acharjee Er.M. K. Deb

B.E-Civil, M. C. E(J. U), Chartered Engineer,
M.I.G.S
Managing Executive(T)
Managing Director
CECSPL
CECSPL
CECSPL Page 68
REFERENCES
(1) Rebug Goldstein & Norman Flock,(1982), Department of physics. Total dissolved solids (TDS)
mapping In Ground water using geo physical method.(university of Lagos, Nigeria),Volume no-2.5, P-(21-
31).
(2)E.A Suriyo 1972, Application of electrical resistivity method to defect deep racks in unsaturated
residual soil slope Deep sacks in unsaturated residual soil slope. .Institut teknologi sepuluch nopember
(ITS)),Volume-2,Page no-(901-906).
(3)Muhammad arshad, J.M cheema and shatique ahmed(1992) (Department of irrigation and drainage,
university of agriculture), Determination of lithology and ground water quality using electrical resistivity
survey.
, Faisalabad 380 40, Pakistan. Volume no-5, page no-(81-92)
(4) Mohamed A sabot,Department of geophysical sciences, old dominion university Bulletin 73, November
1975 (vertical Electrical Resistivity soundings to locate ground water resources A feasibility study)
Mohamed A sabot, , Nortlok, Virginia 3508, Volume no- 1, Page no-(13-51)
(5) Lumeng sardine & Jasson Krezza (1990),Schlumberger vertical sounding Techniques and
interpretations with examples from krisuvik and glerarehalun, Iceland and olkaria, Kenya.1-48 Vol
no-2, Page no-(117-192)
(6) Adel A.r Zohdy(1963) ,Electrical resistivity sounding with an L-shaped Array
Geological survey bulletin 1313 c,Vol no-1, Page no-(711-882)
(7) Environment geophysics journal united state environment perfection agendum (2001), Page no-(90-
99)
(8)Deepak Kumar, Smriti Patak,& Rajesh Thakur(2003) Vertical Electric Sounding, Journal of Geophysics
department of I.I.T rookie, Volume no-2, Page no-(77-101).
(9) IS 1892.1979, (Reaffirmed 2002).

(10) C.G.W.B= Central Ground Water Board.
CECSPL Page 69
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Job No- CECSPL/WR/20151005

vertical electrical sounding (ves)

Electrical resistivity tests (ERT)

north tripura & UNAKOTI District, tripura

THE EXECUTIVE ENGINEER,

Branch office: - Regd. Office:-

Job No- CECSPL/WR/20151005

Groundwater is characterized by a certain number of parameters which geophysical methods are

1.2 Aims and objectives

2.1 Background of Theory

2.2 Resistivity Methods

2.3 Methods Electrical Resistivity test

2.4 Apparent Resistivity

2.5 Depth of Investigation

3.1 Site:-West Padmabill

3.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

3.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology

3.2 Site Plan

3.3 Photos of site

3.4 Test results

3.5 Discussion and Recommendation

4.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

4.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology

4.2 Site Plan

4.3 Photos of site

4.4 Test results

4.5 Discussion and Recommendation

5.1 Site:- South Panisagar

5.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

5.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology

5.2 Site Plan

5.3 Photos of site

5.4 Test results

5.5 Discussion and Recommendation

6.1 Site:- West Panisagar

6.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

6.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology

6.2 Site Plan

6.3 Photos of site

6.4 Test results

6.5 Discussion and Recommendation

7.1 Site:- Dewanpasa

7.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

7.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology

7.2 Site Plan

7.3 Photos of site

7.4 Test results

7.5 Discussion and Recommendation

8.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

8.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology

8.2 Site Plan

8.3 Photos of site

8.4 Test results

8.5 Discussion and Recommendation

9.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

9.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology

9.2 Site Plan

9.3 Photos of site

9.4 Test results

9.5 Discussion and Recommendation

10.1 Site:-North Laljuri A.D.C Village

10.1.1 Geo-morphological condition of site

10.1.2 Meteorological condition and hydro-geology