Sie sind auf Seite 1von 3

Vibration and Noise 354

Lecture 3 Modelling of single degree of 26 July 2016


(INMAN pp 43 - 69) freedom systems, energy
methods and spring stiffness

Newtons second law:

F
d
dt

mv

ma only if mt is constant!

For translation to three dimensions: Fx mx

Fy my

Fz mz

For rotation about a fixed axis: M 0 J 0

For rotation about the centre of mass: M G J G

Energy Methods
A conservative system is a system where no energy is added by, for example,
forces that conduct work, or lost by, for example, damping. Therefore the
mechanical energy of the system is constant, or is conserved.

Conservation of Mechanical Energy: T + U = const


d
T U 0
dt
Potential Energy: Uspring = 21 k (x 0 + x )2 for a spring

U grav mgh as a result of gravity

Kinetic Energy: T 12 mvG2 as a result of linear motion

T 12 IG 2 as a result of rotation

Copyright reserved Vibration and Noise 354 1


JL van Niekerk 2016 Lecture 3
Example:

1
2
2 mx( t ) + 21 k (x 0 + x(t ))2 mg(x(t) + x 0 ) = const

mxx k x0 x x mgx 0

k g
mx kx kx0 mg x 0
but kx0 mg

mx(t ) kx(t )x(t ) 0


for x 0
m x(t)
mx kx 0

Relationship between the kinetic and potential energy:


U mat 12 kA2 if x 0 T 0
1
Tmax m n2 A 2 if x 0 U 0
2

1 1 k
m n2 A 2 kA2 n2
2 2 m

Examples: INMAN p. 46 - 54 Examples 1.4.1 - 1.4.6

Stiffness
EA
Stiffness of a rod in tension and compression: k
l

F l F AE
E E
A l l l

GJ p
Stiffness of a rod in torsion: KJ
l

Gd 4
Stiffness of a coil spring: k
64nR 3
2R diameter of the spring.
d wire diameter.

Copyright reserved Vibration and Noise 354 2


JL van Niekerk 2016 Lecture 3
3EI
Stiffness of a clamped beam: k
l3

For springs in series or parallel:

a b c
k1 k2

What is the constant for the two springs? The force! F

So xac xab xbc

F F F
xac
k1 k2 ke

1 1 1 k1 k 2

k e k1 k 2 k1k 2
k1k2
or ke
k1 k2

k1
a b

k2

x ab is the same

Ftot Fki Fk 2
Ftot k1xab k 2 xab

Ftot kc xab

ke k1 k2

Examples: INMAN p. 60 - 69 Examples 1.5.1 - 1.5.6

HOMEWORK: INMAN: 1.65, 1.67, 1.71, 1.73, 1.82, 1.87, 1.91

Copyright reserved Vibration and Noise 354 3


JL van Niekerk 2016 Lecture 3

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen