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F
d
dt
mv
ma only if mt is constant!
Fy my
Fz mz
Energy Methods
A conservative system is a system where no energy is added by, for example,
forces that conduct work, or lost by, for example, damping. Therefore the
mechanical energy of the system is constant, or is conserved.
T 12 IG 2 as a result of rotation
1
2
2 mx( t ) + 21 k (x 0 + x(t ))2 mg(x(t) + x 0 ) = const
mxx k x0 x x mgx 0
k g
mx kx kx0 mg x 0
but kx0 mg
1 1 k
m n2 A 2 kA2 n2
2 2 m
Stiffness
EA
Stiffness of a rod in tension and compression: k
l
F l F AE
E E
A l l l
GJ p
Stiffness of a rod in torsion: KJ
l
Gd 4
Stiffness of a coil spring: k
64nR 3
2R diameter of the spring.
d wire diameter.
a b c
k1 k2
F F F
xac
k1 k2 ke
1 1 1 k1 k 2
k e k1 k 2 k1k 2
k1k2
or ke
k1 k2
k1
a b
k2
x ab is the same
Ftot Fki Fk 2
Ftot k1xab k 2 xab
Ftot kc xab
ke k1 k2