CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM)

program is geared towards equipping students with the necessary knowledge, skills and

attitude to provide quality service in the hospitality industry. The program contains

subjects that will address the needs of different sectors in the hospitality industry, such

as culinary, front office, tourism, resort and hotel operations. Its primary concentration is

on the development of practical and management skills which are achieved through the

combination of theoretical classes, practicum exercises and experiential learning.

BSHRM students having an experiential learning wherein thy re going to indulge

On-the-Job Training and gain more specific learning which is gaining experience,

confidence, initiative, high level of responsibility and flexible work schedule regarding to

the said trainings. The school provides practicum activities for the students to become

knowledgeable and skillful students for the future job performance.

Graduates of this course will possess business management and accounting

skills to be able to compute daily sales, recipe costing/cost control and inventory

management. The program also helps students to develop effective communication and

interpersonal skills which are essential in establishing positive

employer/employee/customer relations.
 There are no specific skills required for BSHRM because everything can be

learned. However, you need to possess certain attitudes and qualities,

first, you have to be comfortable giving service to others. This means that you enjoy and

take pride in your work; Secondly, you must be approachable and friendly while

maintaining professionalism; most importantly, you have to be an effective

communicator, both in written and oral English. You will meet and provide service to

different people of different nationalities, to eliminate the language barrier, you have to

speak English well enough to be understood.

Moreover, students must undergo practical training. It is very important because

it can provide valuable work experience by sharpening and adding to the skills they are

learning in school and to motivate the students to be more efficient to the

responsibilities in school. Practical training is the best medium to gain experience and it

is important to see how work in real situation as well as a possible medium to enhance

skills and proficiency.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Nowadays the world is rapidly changes especially in working life, society and

information technology. Process of learning will be more effective when the students are

being exposed to the real working condition by practically applying their knowledge and

also the skills that they had learned.

This study focuses on training session which provides the students with task

specific knowledge and skills in work area. Job instruction technique, coaching and job
rotation are the common forms of On-the-Job training methods. The instructor prepares

job breakdown on the job, while watching an experienced worker performs each step of

the job. Job instructions techniques consists of five (5) steps, (1) get ready to instruct;

(2) prepare the learner; (3) present the learning; (4) try out learner performance; and (5)

follow up. (Pfau, Richard H., 1988). Job rotation makes the students more self-

motivated, flexible, adaptable, innovative, eager to learn and able to communicate

effectively (Jerris, 1999). Coaching is becoming a very popular means of development,

and often includes working one-on-one with the learner to conduct needs of

assessment, develop and action plan and support the learner to accomplish the plan

(Kirwan, 2000).

The actual job performance refers to the students who had undergone

experiential learning. The students who had an On-the-Job training will prove the

effectiveness of actual job performance when it comes to learning process.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Actual Job Performance Effectiveness of Learning

Training Confidence
Experience Reputation
Flexible Work Initiative
Schedules

BSHRM Students in
SMCC
Figure 1. The Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of the study

Statement of the Problem

The study focused on Training and Development needs of BSHRM students of

Saint Michael College of Caraga wherein it aims to answer the following questions:

To identify whether gaining experience, enhancing skill and proficiency,

producing highly demand in job market.

To identify balance between theory and application has significant with students

taken practical training.

Hypothesis

The following hypothesis will be tested in this research:

There is a significant learning of the students in actual job performance which

enhances their learning experiences through On-the-Job Training (OJT).

There is a difference regarding the two traditions linked by investigating the

relationships between school-based (academic) and work-based (experiential)

learning approaches of students.

Scope and Limitations of the study

The scope of this research is just focus on the training and development needs

for BSHRM students of Saint Michael College of Caraga. The respondents are those
students who are currently enrolled in SMCC from first year to fourth year students of

Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM).

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined operationally:

Coaching is a process of one-on-one guidance and instruction to improve

knowledge, skills and work performance.

Experience refers to the nature of events someone or something has undergone

Experiential Learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience

learning from experience. It focuses on the learning process for the individual. It is often

used synonymously with the phrase experiential education; experiential education

should be considered a broader philosophy of education.

Job Rotation is the systematic movement of the students from job to job or

project within an organization

On-the-Job Training (OJT) refers to the program conducted by the cooperating

firm, company or industry, sponsored by the school in order to expose the students to

actual training.

Training and development can be described as "an educational process which

involves the sharpening of skills, concepts, changing of attitude and gaining more

knowledge to enhance the performance of students.