ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 1

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TUTORIAL TASKS
2017
SEMESTER 2

EPHY001 Physical Modelling

Useful Equations:

Kinematic Equations
v = u + at s = ut + 12 at 2 v 2 = u 2 + 2as

Newtons Laws of Motion and Momentum

F = ma p = mv I = F t
p I = p m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 v2
F=
t

Work Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

W = F(x)cos Fgravitatinal = W = mg E = K +U
K = 12 mv 2 U gravitational = mgh W
P= = Fv
t
W = K = K K 0 Felastic = kx U elastic = 12 kx 2
 ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 2

Rotational Motion
s = 0 + at = rF sin
=
r
= 0t + 12 t 2 L = I
=
t
2 = 0 2 + 2 L
= = I =
t t
vt = r n
I = mi ri2
i=1
at = r K rotational = 12 I 2
v2 vcm = r
ar = = r 2
r

Rotational Inertia of Some Common Geometrical Shapes

Thin rod Thin rod Flat plate about Flat plate about Flat plate about
about centre about end: perpendicular central axis: one edge:
axis:

Particle moving Thin ring or Thick ring or Disk or solid Hollow spherical Solid spherical
in circle: hollow cylinder hollow cylinder cylinder about its shell about about diameter:
about its axis: about its axis: axis: diameter:
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 3

ROTIATIONAL MOTION
The size of angle in radians = s / r 1
frequency: f = (T : period)
To change radian to degrees, multiply by 180 / T
To change degree to radians, multiple by /180
2
Angular speed = ; = = 2 f Angular Acceleration: =
t T t
Tangential speed Tangential acceleration
vt = r
at = r = r
t
Centripentil acceleration
v 2 (r )2
ar = = = r 2
r r

v = v0 + at = 0 + at Rotational Inertia
n
x = v0t + 12 at 2
= 0t + 12 t 2
I = mi ri2
v 2 = v0 2 + 2ax 2 = 0 2 + 2 i=1
Kinetic energy of a solid rotating object
K = 12 I 2
Kinematics of Rolling Kinetic Energy in Rolling Motion
K rolling = K translational + K rotational = 12 mvcm
2
+ 12 I 2

vcm = R
Torque and Rotational
Motion
= rF sin

= I

Angular Momentum
L = I

Angular momentum is conserved in a system with

zero external torque
L
= = 0 therefore L = constant
t
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 4

PROBLEM 1
A car travels along a level road round a curve of radius 500m.

(a) Draw a diagram to show the forces acting on the car.

(b) If the maximum frictional force between the tyres and the road is 70% of the weight of the car,
find the greatest speed at which the car can travel round the curve. Take g = 9.8 m/s2.

(c) Describe the path the car will take if it exceeds this speed.
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 5

PROBLEM 2
A 1125 kg car and a 2250 kg truck approach a curve on the expressway that has a radius of 225 m.

(a) At what angle should the highway engineer bank this curve so that vehicles travelling at 104.58
km/h can safely round it regardless of the condition of their tyres? Should the heavy truck go
slower than the lighter car?

(b) As the car and truck round the curve at 104.58 km/h, find the normal force on each one due to
the highway surface.
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 6

PROBLEM 3
A mass m1 undergoes circular motion of radius R on a horizontal frictionless table, connected by a
massless string through a hole in the table to a second mass m2. If m2 is stationary, find expressions
for (a) the string tension and (b) the period of the circular motion.

T = m2 g
m2 g = m1 R 2
m2 g
=
m1 R
2
since by definition: = 2 f =
T
2 m1 R
T= = 2
m2 g
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 7

PROBLEM 4
Blocks of mass m1 and m2 are connected by a massless string that passes over the pulley in the
figure below. The pulley turns on frictionless bearings. Mass m2 is released while the blocks are at
rest.

(a) Assume the pulley is massless. Find the acceleration of m1 and the tension in the string.
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 8

(b) Suppose the pulley has mass mp and radius R. Find the acceleration of m1. Verfiy that your
answer agree with part (a) if your set mp = 0.
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 9

PROBLEM 5
The figure shows a top view of a cylindrical gyroscope wheel that has been set spinning by an
electric motor. The pivot is at O, and the mass of the axle is negligible.

Draw vectors to show the angular momentum of the gyroscope and the torque acting on it. As seen
from above, is the precession clockwise or counterclockwise?
ESPHY001 PHYSICAL MODELLING TUTORIAL 6 10

PROBLEM 6
The figure below shows a demonstration gyroscope, consisting of a solid disk mounted on a shaft.
The disk spins about the shaft on essentially frictionless bearings. The shaft is mounted on a stand
so its free to pivot both horizontally and vertically. A weight at the far end of the shaft balances the
disk, so in the configuration shown theres no torque on the system. An arrowhead mounted on the
disk end of the shaft indicates the direction of the disks angular velocity.

If you push on the shaft between the arrowhead and the disk, pushing horizontally away from you
(that is, into the page) the arrowhead end of the shaft will move

(a) away from you (i.e., into the page).

(b) toward you (i.e., out of the page).
(c) downward.
(d) upward.

If you push on the shaft between the arrowhead and the disk, pushing directly upward on the bottom
of the shaft, the arrowhead end of the shaft will move

(a) away from you (i.e., into the page).

(b) toward you (i.e., out of the page).
(c) downward.
(d) upward.

If an additional weight is hung on the left end of the shaft, the arrowhead will

(a) pivot upward until the weighted end of the shaft hits the base.
(b) pivot downward until the arrowhead hits the base.
(c) precess counterclockwise when viewed from above.
(d) precess clockwise when viewed from above.

If the system is precessing, and only the disks rotation rate is increased, the precession rate will

(a) decrease.
(b) increase.
(c) stay the same.
(d) become zero.