NAME: Jesus A.

Castillo Gomez ID: 1113679456

First we had to start telling what an air blast is, in definition Is the maximum noise
level in dB Lin Peak due to a blast measured anywhere on a sensitive site which is
located at least 3.5 meters from any building or other acoustically reflective surface
(other than the ground). [ CITATION ear15 \l 9226 ]
When a blast is detonated, some of this energy is vented into the atmosphere
through the fractures in the rock or can be through inadequate stemming material.
Not less the upward or outward movement of the rock from the initial blast is the
principal source of air blast.
Well is precise to say that the air blast cannot be effectively heard by the human
ear because this sound is a low frequency sound (under 20 Hz). The airblast
travels at the speed of sound and can be influenced by wind and temperature
inversions.
The air blast are generated when explosives are detonated in drill holes in rock,
this can be represented in the next processes:
- Conversion of ground vibration to air surfaces
- Release of high pressure gases to the broken rock
- Release of high pressure gases to the vibrations at free rock atmosphere
through the drill hole after the stemming has been pushed
- Release of high pressure gases to the atmosphere by exposed detonating
fuse, lying on the surface of the rock
- Displacement of rock at bench face as blast progresses
- Collision between the projected fragments.
Of these above processes de II, III, IV, V stages contribute in an important way the
most energy to the air blast waves.
We can said that the combination of this vibrations in association with these
sources give a front of air overpressure that can travel from the blast point. Starting
in the point that air is compressible, it can and it will absorbs part of the wave of
energy to later set it free through hot gases, causing a depression in those certains
points.
As we mentioned the air blast contain a considerable amount of low frequency
energy which can eventually start to do damage on structures, however high
frequency vibration are more common and are felt in windows, doors etc.
[ CITATION Sha11 \l 9226 ]
Norms of vibrations:
German: the german norm is the din 4150 by the Deutsches Institut fur
Normung the first norm that this institute publish was back in the 1975 which has
three parts and was actualized in 1999 and 2001, the criteria is based on person
(1994) and can be resume in application field, measure variables and indicatives
values.
That refers to the vibrations that are produce by any source, the vertical peak of
speed and the particle resulting speed peak and some table values. [ CITATION
Sup86 \l 9226 ]
Spain norm UNE 22-381-93: the Spain norm control of vibrations produce by
blasting was elaborate by de Spain association of normalization and certification.
This norms tells that the peak value of vibration corresponds to the maximum
deviation of the positive of negative register measure respect the level 0 or origin of
the signal. The norm had rules of maximum speed, any other register that is not of
speed has to be taken to this unity with derivation when you have position and
integration when you had the acceleration, for this norm we have to use the field of
application, measure variables, indicative values, sensors, location of sensors and
source. [ CITATION Aso93 \l 9226 ]
U.S.A norms OSM 817.67: the federal norm of the United States its administrate
by the OSMRE (office of surface mining, reclamation and enforcement) this
procedure is to determinate the limits of speed of the particle vibration, depending
on the monitoring available, for this norm we have to use the field of application,
measure variables, indicatives values and sensors use for weakness. [ CITATION
Reg \l 9226 ]
U.S.A norms USBM RI8507: its not really a norm is a report of investigation of the
department of mines in U.S.A of the effects of vibrations produce by a coal mine in
Ayrshire in Evansville, Indiana on near poblations, the values of this norm has
been accepted in all the world like threshold for cosmetic damages in houses
because of vibrations cause by blasting. [ CITATION Reg \l 9226 ]
Determination of parameters of vibrations:
The vibrations derivate of blasting are transitory oscillations and no periodic that
spread in the field. This parameters are: Peak value of speed in the major
component and frequency of vibration

Bibliography

certificaciones, A. e. (1993). Control de vibraciones producidas por la voladura .

earth resources. (2015). Obtenido de earth resources: http://earthresources.vic.gov.au/earth-

resources-regulation/licensing-and-approvals/minerals/guidelines-and-codes-of-
practice/ground-vibration-and-airblast-limits-for-blasting-in-mines-and-quarries

(s.f.). Reglamentacion en manejo de voladuras .

Sharma, P. D. (2011). mining and blasting.

Supersedes. (1986). structural vibration.