I.
The
Protestant
Reformation
Produces
Puritanism
A.Martin
Luther
protests
against
catholic
doctrine(1517)
1.Declared
the
bible
alone
was
the
source
gods
words
2.Started
the
Protestant
Reformation
B.Institues
of
the
Christian
Religion
by
John
Calvin(1536)
1.Basic
doctrine,
elaborated
ideas
of
Martin
Luther.
2.Formed
Calvinism:
in
support
of
predestination
3.Conversion:
intense,
identifiable,
personal
experience
in
which
God
revealed
to
the
elect
their
heavenly
destiny.
C.Protestant
church
and
desperate
protestants
Puritans:
people
who
wanted
Catholicism
out
of
England
more
quickly
D.Separatists
break
away
from
the
church
of
England
1.King
James
I,
head
of
the
state
and
church
in
England
fears
defiance
2.
He
harasses
the
more
devout
Puritans
out
of
England.
II.
The
Pilgrims
End
Their
Pilgrimage
at
Plymouth
A.Separatists
searching
for
Religious
freedom
dream
in
America
aboard
the
Mayflower
1.Settled
in
Plymouth
Bay(1620)
without
legal
permission
2.Captain
Miles
Standish:
Aboard
of
the
Mayflower;
indispensable
service
as
Indian
fighter
and
negotiator
B.Mayflower
Compact:
agreement
to
form
a
crude
government
and
to
submit
to
the
will
of
the
majority
under
the
regulations
agreed
upon.
1.Signed
by
41
adult
males
before
disembarking
2.First
attempt
of
gov.
in
America;
and
poor
example
of
a
constitution
C.(1620-1621)
first
winter:
deadly
44
out
of
102
people.
1.1621-first
Thanksgiving
Day
in
New
England
D.William
Bradford:
elected
30
times
as
governor
of
the
Pilgrims
in
annual
elections.
1.Self-taught
scholar
read
many
languages
2.Feared
non
puritan
settlers
would
corrupt
his
spiritual
guided
colony
III.
The
Bay
Colony
Bible
wealth
A.Puritans
see
catastrophe
in
1629,
when
Charles
I
dismissed
parliament
and
approves
anti-puritan
persecutions.
B.Massachussetts
Bay
Company:
non
separatist
Puritan
group;
feared
future
royal
charter
1.Started
the
colony
off
a
larger
scale,
it
was
blessed
2.Massachusetts
bay
colony;
separate
not
from
the
English
church
but
of
its
impurities.
C.
The
Great
English
Migration
1630-1642,
1.
7,000
refugees
left
England
for
America
puritans
and
non-puritans.
2.
Destinations
Massachusetts
and
the
warm
west
Indies
specially
Barbados.
D.John
Winthrop
first
governor
of
Bay
Colony,
who
people
believed
had
a
calling
from
god.
IV.
Building
the
Bay
Colony
A.Massachusetts
Bay
Colony
Government
under
Winthrop
1.Didnt
think
the
commoners
could
rule;
not
a
democracy
2.Colonys
religious
residents
only
were
allowed
to
vote
annually
for
governor
B.General
Court:
governor
his
assistants
and
a
representative
assembly
C.Another
name
for
puritans
visible
saints
1.John
Cotton
devoted
Puritan;
enforced
religious
rules
in
the
colony
2.Clergyman
Michael
Wigglesworth:
Day
of
Doom;
popular
poem
in
New
England
V.
Trouble
in
the
Bible
Commonwealth
A.Anne
Hutchinson(1591-1643)
1.Challenged
the
authority
of
the
clergy
with
unorthodox
views.
2.Antinomaianism.
Was
banished
from
the
Bay
Colony
B.Roger
Williams
1.Challanged
the
Church
of
England,
was
an
extremist
separatist.
2.In
1635
the
clergymen
fell
threatened
enough
and
banned
him
out
of
Bay
Colony.
VI.
The
Rhode
Island
Sewer
A.Roger
Williams
flees
Massachusetts
Bay
Colony(1636)
1.He
settles
in
Rhode
Island,
Providence
2.
Creates
the
first
Baptist
Church
there
3.Establishes
religious
freedom
for
all
people
VI.
New
England
Spreads
Out
A.Hartford:
founded
in
1635
(Connecticut)
B.
Reverend
Thomas
Hooker
led
a
group
of
Puritans
from
Boston
to
Hartford.
C.(1639)
settlers
of
Connecticut
colony
drafted
the
Fundamental
Orders
1.Modern
Constitution:
created
al
regime
democratically
controlled
by
substantial
citizens.
D.New
Haven(1638)
another
colony
that
arose
in
Connecticut
E.New
Hampshire
was
absorbed
by
Massachusetts,
and
then
was
taken
back
and
became
a
royal
colony
F.Sir
Fernando
Gorges
heirs
sold
part
of
Maine
to
Massachusetts
Bay
VII.
Puritans
Versus
Indians
A.Massasoit,
leader
of
the
Wampanoag
signed
treaty
with
Pilgrims
in
1621
1.Wampanoag
helped
the
Plymouth
Pilgrims
have
their
first
Thanksgiving
2.Friendly
relations
with
the
Indians
were
ruptured
when
more
settlers
arrived
B.Pequot
tribe
and
English
settlers
friendship
ends
in
1637
1.Pequot
tribe
is
destroyed
after
fighting
against
the
allied
Narragansett
Indians
and
English
settlers
2.Metacom,
Massasoits
son
launched
a
series
of
raids
and
attacks
against
the
colony
(1675-1676).
3.Metacom
was
nicknamed
King
Philip
by
the
English
VIII
.
Seeds
of
Colonial
Unity
and
Independence
A.New
England
Confederation(1643):
4
colonies
together
to
defend
against
enemies
1.
Confederation
included
only
Puritan
colonies
2.Massachusetts
Bay
Colony,
Plymouth,
New
Haven,
scattered
valley
settlements.
B.When
Charles
II
reign;
puritan
hopes
of
purifying
English
church
withered
1.Charles
gave
Massachusetts
rival
Connecticut
a
charter
to
legalize
squatter
colonies
1662
2.Royal
orders
had
no
more
effect
seen
more
clearly
in
Massachusetts
C.1663-
Rhode
Island
was
given
a
charter
for
most
religiously
tolerant
government
in
America.
D.1684-Massachusetts
Bay
Colonys
charter
was
revoked
IX.
Andros
Promotes
the
First
American
Revolution
A.Dominion
of
New
England(1686)
created
by
Royal
authority
1.imposed
from
London
2.Embraced
all
of
New
England
till
1688
when
they
added
New
York,
and
Jersey.
B.Sir
Edmund
Andros:
English
military
man,
leader
of
the
Dominion
1.Established
headquarters
in
Puritanical
Boston
2.Induced
heavy
restrictions
on
the
courts,
the
press,
and
schools,
revoked
land
tittles.
C.1688-1699:
bloodless
revolution
when
they
dethroned
catholic
(James
II)
and
put
protestant
rulers(William
II
and
Mary)
on
throne.
D.Massachusetts
made
a
royal
colony
in
1691
E.Salutary
neglect
was
introduced
after
unrest
in
Maryland
and
New
York
1.Semblance
of
order
until
newly
appointed
governors
2.Colonial
trade
and
navigation
laws
X.
Old
Netherlanders
at
New
Netherland
A.Netherlands
independent
from
Spain
by
the
16th
century
with
Englands
help
B.Golden
Age:
17th
century,
fought
three
great
Anglo-Dutch
Naval
Battles
1.Dutch
Republic
leading
power
in
the
East
Indies
2.Major
commercial
and
naval
power,
soon
became
Englands
enemy.
C.The
Dutch
East
India
Company
was
a
state
within
a
state;
enormous
and
profitable
empire
1.supported
an
army
of
10,000
men,
190
ships,
and
40
of
them
men
of
war
2.Employed
an
English
explorer,
Henry
Hudson
a.Sailed
into
Delaware
Bay
and
New
York
Bay,
and
Hudson
River
1609
b.Hired
in
order
to
seek
great
riches,
D.The
Dutch
West
India
Company,
less
power
than
East
India
Company
1.Based
in
the
Caribbean
more
interested
in
fighting
than
trading
goods
a.raided
Spanish
treasure
ships
and
stole
money
in
1628
b.company
created
outposts
in
Africa,
and
a
sugar
industry
in
Brazil
E.New
Netherland
establishment
in
Hudson
River
1.Made
for
fur
trade
quick
profit
2.Founders
secondary
interest,
Manhattan
was
their
first
F.Manhattan
Founders
first
interest
22,000
acres;
present
day
most
expensive
real
estate
1.
Former
New
York
City
started
off
as
New
Amsterdam
company
town
2.Runned
by
stockholders,
and
Dutch
Company
a.Quakers
abused,
because
people
showed
no
interest
for
religion
etc
b.Highly
aristocratic
colony
G.Patroonships:
Feudal
estates
in
front
of
Hudson
river;
Albany
patroonship
was
larger
than
present
day
Rhode
Island
XI.
Friction
with
English
and
Swedish
Neighbors
A.Dutch
Company
Colony
attacked
by
infuriated
Indians
as
a
response
settlers
build
a
wall
*Wall
Street
B.New
Sweden-Swedes
trespassed
Dutch
settlement,
started
this
colony
in
the
Delaware
River
1.Golden
Age
of
Sweden
during
30
Years
War
2.resentful
Dutch
fight
Swedes;
Swedish
rule
falls
and
its
absorbed
by
New
Netherlands
1655.
XII.
Dutch
Residues
in
New
York
A.English
regarded
Dutch
intruders
and
in
1664
Dutch
surrendered
and
it
was
claimed
all
English
land
1.English
squadron
through
the
Hudson
River,
led
by
the
Duke
of
York
2.
New
Amsterdam
changed
name
to
New
York
in
honor
of,
The
Duke
of
York
XIII.
Penns
Holy
Experiment
in
Pennsylvania
A.Quakers:
a
group
of
dissenters
that
arose
in
England
mid
1600s
1.Religious
society
of
Friends,
quaked
under
deep
religion
2.Offensive
to
authorities,
refused
to
support
the
taxes
of
English
Church
B.William
Penn:
in
1660
when
just
16
he
was
interested
in
the
Quaker
faith
1.True
fighter
in
1681
was
able
to
receive
a
land
grant
in
the
New
World
from
the
king
and
named
it
Pennsylvania.
2.Most
advertised
colony,
liberal
land
policy
encouraged
a
huge
flow
of
immigrants.
XIV.
Quaker
Pennsylvania
and
its
neighbors
A.Good
relationship
with
Indians,
religious
freedom
B.Blue
Laws:
prevented
staging
plays,
playing
cards
dice,
games
and
hilarity.
Pennsylvania-Most
populous
and
wealthy
colony
C.
William
Penn
was
never
liked
completely
by
colonists.
1.He
was
arrested
three
times
for
treason
2.
Disliked
because
of
friendship
with
James
II
D.1664:
Turn
point
when
New
Netherland
was
taken
by
the
English
divided
the
region
into
East
and
West
New
Jersey
1.
West
New
Jersey
was
given
to
Berkeley
and
East
New
Jersey
was
given
to
Sir
George
Carteret
2.In
1674
Berkeley
sold
west
New
Jersey
to
William
Penn
and
Quakers.
3.In
1681
Penn
bought
East
Jersey
from
Carteret
4.England
combined
East
and
West
Jersey
into
one
colony
in
1702
when
their
governments
surrendered
to
English
crown.
XV.
The
Middle
Way
in
the
Middle
Colonies
A.Bread
Colonies-
Middle
colonies(New
York,
New
Jersey,
Delaware,
and
Pennsylvania
1.Heavy
export
of
grains,
more
religious
tolerance
than
anywhere
else,
a
lot
of
industry
2.
Most
ethnically
mixed
settlement,
Midway
to
south
plantations
B.Benjamin
Franklin
moved
to
Philadelphia
at
17
and
change
began