LTE Overview

Contents

LTE Basic

1. Introduction
2. Key Parameter
4. Signaling Message

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1. Introduction

1. LTE is the latest protocol for Mobile Radio Communication

2. 3GPP Release 8 and beyond
3. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ) - Radio Access Technology
4. MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) - Advanced Antenna Technologies.
5. Packet Only system (no voice only data)
6. Hard H/O only support (No SHO)

Radio Protocol Comparison

CDMA(EVDO) WCDMA (HSPA) LTE

Radio Access Technology CDMA CDMA OFDMA / SC-CDMA

Bandwidth 1.25Mhz 5MHz Various (Up to 100Mhz w/ CA)

Modulation QPSK 64QAM 64QAM

Multi Antenna Diversity Diverity MIMO

Max Throughput 2Mbps 21Mbps 86Mbps(10Mhz)~ 00Gbps

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1. Introduction
System Architecture Comparison

Radio Access
Core Network
Network

WCDMA NodeB + RNC CS + PS WCDMA

Architecture

LTE
Architecture
LTE eNodeB PS Only

EUTRAN EPC

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1. Introduction

Frame Structure
1. Radio Frame = 10ms (10 Sub-frame)
2. 1 Sub-frame (TTI) = 1ms (2 Slot)
3. 1 Slot =0.5ms (7 OFDM Symbols)
4. RB (Resource Block) = 180Khz (12 sub carrier)

LTE Bandwidth Channel Structure

Bandwidth 1.4MHz 3MHz 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20MHz

Sub-Carrier 72 180 300 600 900 1200

RB 6 15 25 50 75 110

Peak Rate(DL) 10.4 25.9 43.2 86.4 129.6 172.8

Peak Rate(UL) 3.5 8.6 14.4 28.8 43.2 57.6

** DL 2x2 / 64QAM, UL No MIMO / 16QAM

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1. Introduction

LTE UE Category
Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Peak Rate(DL/UL) 10/5Mbps 50/25Mbps 100/50Mbps 150/50Mbps 300/75Mbps 300/50Mbps 300/100Mbps 3000/1500Mbps

RF Band 20Mhz 20Mhz 20Mhz 20Mhz 20Mhz 40Mhz 40Mhz 100Mhz

Modulation(DL) 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

Modulation(UL) 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM

MIMO(DL) Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 8x8

MIMO(UL) NO NO NO NO NO NO 2x2 4x4

1. Current Situation : Cat. 3 and Cat. 4

2. Category 6 & beyond : LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation
3. Category 7 & beyond : UL MIMO Support
4. Category 5 & 8 : UL Modulation 64QAM
5. Category 8 : 100Mhz / 8x8 MIMO DL 3Gbps,

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2. Key Parameters

PCI
- Physical Cell ID
504 Unique Physical ID (0,1,,503)
SSS : 168 Cell ID Group(0~167)
PSS : 3 Index (0,1,2) in Cell ID Group

EARFCN
- EUTRAN Absolute RF Channel Number.

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2. Key Parameters

RSRP
- (Reference Signal Received Power)
RS transferred in wideband every downlink sub- frame
RS Used for initial Cell searching
RSRP used for H/O Measurement and Scheduling

Event Description
Event A1 Serving becomes better than threshold

Event A2 Serving becomes worse than threshold

Event A3 Neighbor becomes offset better than Serving

Event A4 Neighbor becomes better than threshold

Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour
Event A5
becomes better than threshold2
Event B1 Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold
PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter
Event B2
RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold2

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2. Key Parameters

RSRQ
- (Reference Signal Received Quality)

SINR

- (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio)

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2. Key Parameters

CQI
- (Chanel Quality Indicator)

CQI index Modulation Bits/ Code Rate Efficiency

Symbol

0 No Trans.
1 QPSK 2 0.076 0.1523
2 QPSK 2 0.12 0.2344
3 QPSK 2 0.19 0.377
4 QPSK 2 0.3 0.6016
5 QPSK 2 0.44 0.877
6 QPSK 2 0.59 1.1758
7 16QAM 4 0.37 1.4766
8 16QAM 4 0.48 1.9141
9 16QAM 4 0.6 2.4063
10 64QAM 6 0.45 2.7305
11 64QAM 6 0.55 3.3223
12 64QAM 6 0.65 3.9023
13 64QAM 6 0.75 4.5234
14 64QAM 6 0.85 5.1152
15 64QAM 6 0.93 5.5547

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2. Key Parameters

RB
- (Resource Block)
DL Max RB : 50
UL Mas RB : 45 ~ 48
MCS
- (Modulation and Coding Scheme)
DL Max MCS Index : 28
UL Max MCS Index : 24

BLER
- (BLock Error Rate)
Target BLER : 10%
Calculation : CRC Fail count / Total Trans. Count

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4. Key Message
System Information Block
SIB Parameters Remarks
MIB Downlink channel bandwidth, PHICH config SFN
1 PLMN, TAC, Cell Id, access restrictions, q-RxLevMin, frequency band, MFBI Scheduling of other SIBs
2 Common radio resource config, access class barring, MBSFN config UL frequency and bandwidth
3 Cell re-selection common information
4 Cell re-selection information for intra-frequency neighbouring cells Black cell list
5 Cell re-selection information for inter-frequency neighbouring cells
6 Cell re-selection information for UTRA
7 Cell re-selection information for GERAN
8 Cell re-selection information for CDMA2000
9 Home eNodeB name
10 ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) Primary notification
11 ETWS Secondary notification
12 CMAS (Commercial Mobile Alert Service) notification
13 MBMS control information associated with one or more MBSFN areas
14 EAB (Extended access class barring) parameters
15 MBMS Service Area Identities (SAI), neighbouring carrier frequencies
16 GPS time and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

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4. Key Message
Signaling Message
Category Message
RRC Establishment RRC Connection Request / Setup / Complete / Reject / Release
RRC Connection Reconfigruation RRC Connection Reconfigruation / Complete
RRC Reestablishment Request / Reject / Complete, when recovering RLF
Others Measurement Report / Paging
NAS Message Attach/Detach/Service Request, Security/Authentication, TAU
RACH MAC RACH Msg1~Msg4
Packet Message SIP/RTP

1. RRC Connection Reconfiguration : Measurement Config / Mobility Control / Radio Bearer Config/
2. Measurement Report : Serving & Neighbor RF measurement by UE
3. RRC Connection Reestablishment : When Radio Link Failure Network try to recover Radio Link
4. RACH : Initial Access, RRC Reestablishment Process, Handover, DL/UL Data Arrival
5. NAS Message : Transferred by RRC messages.
6. Packet Message : VoLTE Quality

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Contents

Case Study

1. SINR vs Throughput
2. Absence of Dominance
3. Call Drop by MOD3
4. Frequent H/O
5. H/O Fail (Missing Neighbor)

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1. SINR vs Throughput

Key message:
The number of LTE cells when converted from all existing 3G
sites seem to be more than sufficient, and cell overlapping and
hence inter-cell interference seems to be excessive in outdoor
environment.

Careful planning and cell/antenna selection process, and initial

RF tuning is important to the LTE field performance

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2. Absence of Dominance

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3. Call Drop
1. Event Information
1. Event
3
RACH Fail

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3. Call Drop
2. Anlaysis
1. Handover A3 Event, H/O from PCI 345 to PCI 180

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3. Call Drop
2. Analysis
2. rrcConnectionReconfigurationComplete , RACH MSG2 Failure 10 times

10 times triggered

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3. Call Drop
2. Analysis
3. Source Cell PCI 345 and Target Cell PCI 180, PCI 390 Moduler3 event

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4. Timeout (Frequent H/O)
1. Event info

PCI Index
MCS Index

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4. Timeout (Frequent H/O)
2. Analysis
1. Repeatedly A3 Event Handover
2. Frequent Handover -> Radio Link Quality degraded -> Traffic Time over.

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5. H/O Fail (Missing Neighbor)
1. Too frequent MR but no H/O occurred, -> missing neighbor case

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