Revision of Bs 8002, 8004, AND 8081

REVISION OF BS S 8002, 8004, AND 8081
Dr Andrew Bond (Geocentrix)

Dr Caesar Merrifield (Coffey)
Dr Devon Mothersille (Geoserve Global)
GEOSERVE GLOBAL LTD
Bridging the gap
43a Burnham Green Road,

Burnham Green,
Hertfordshire, AL6 ONL.
Tel: +44 (0)800 093 1453

Fax: +44 (0)1438 798 732
Email: theteam@geoserveglobal.com
www.geoserveglobal.com
REVISION OF BS 8002, 8004, AND 8081
Outline of talk
Andrew Caesar Devon

Purpose/structure of
10 mins the revised British
standards
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8004 Foundations
15 mins and BS 8002 Earth
retaining structures
5 mins Summary of key points
Eurocode 7 Workshop on NCCI 2015 Geocentrix Ltd, Coffey, and Geoserve Global. All rights reserved
1
Revival of withdrawn/obsolete geotechnical standards
Several important geotechnical codes of practice were withdrawn in March 2010 on the
introduction of the Structural Eurocodes, including:
BS 8004:1986, Code of practice for foundations
BS 8002:1994, Code of practice for earth retaining structures
The following standard remained but was largely incompatible with Eurocode 7:
BS 8081:1989, Code of practice for ground anchorages (renamed grouted anchors)
The revival of these standards was sponsored by HS2 because they want to put them
out with contracts for enabling work starting in June 2015.
Additional (related) work sponsored by HS2 includes:

Revision of CIRIA C580 (2003), Embedded retaining walls guidance for economic
design
Creation of PAS 8812, Guide to the application of European Standards in temporary
works design (co-sponsored by the Temporary Works Forum, TWf)
Other relevant (related) work includes:

Revision of BS 5930:1999+A2:2010, Code of practice for site investigations (renamed
ground investigations)
MODIFIED AFTER BOND AND HARRIS (2008)

Relationship between British Standards and Eurocode 7
2
BS 8002, 8004, AND 8081 FOREWORDS
Presentational conventions for the new geotechnical BSs
The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its
recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is
should. Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in
smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.
Foreword to BSs 8002, 8004, and 8081
should expresses recommendations of these standard

may expresses permissibility (e.g. as an alternative to the primary
recommendation)
can expresses possibility (e.g. a consequence of an action or an event)
Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard. Notes
give references and additional information that are important but do not form part
of the recommendations. Commentaries give background information.
Note that the word shall is NOT used in BSs 8002, 8004, or 8081
shall is used in Eurocode 7 (BS EN 1997-1 and -2)
Eurocode 7 timeline 2010-2020
3
REVISED EUROCODE 7 PARTS 1 AND 2
Proposed structure of EN 1997-1: 202x and EN 1997-2: 202x
EN 1997: 202x
1. General rules
2. Ground investigation
3. Geotechnical constructions
Part 1 General rules Part 2 Ground investigation

1. General 1. General
2. Basis of geotechnical design 2. Principles of ground investigation
3. Materials 3. Planning of ground investigations
4. Durability 4. Sampling and groundwater
5. Geotechnical analysis measurements
6. Ultimate limit states 5. Field tests
7. Serviceability limit states 6. Laboratory tests
8. Execution 7. Reporting
9. Testing
10. Reporting
NEW EUROCODE 7 PART 3

Proposed EN 1997-3:202x Geotechnical constructions
EN 1997: 202x
1. General rules
2. Ground investigation
3. Geotechnical constructions
Part 3 Geotechnical constructions Part 3s common sub-sections

1. General 1. General
2. Slopes, cuttings, and 2. Actions and design situations
embankments 3. Design considerations
3. Spread foundations 4. Design methods/calculation models
4. Pile foundations 5. Ultimate limit state design
5. Retaining structures 6. Serviceability limit state design
6. Anchors 7. Structural design
7. Ground improvement 8. Execution (supervision, monitoring,
and maintenance)
8. Reinforced soil structures
9. Testing
Annexes (calculation models for each 10. Reporting
type of construction)
4
BS 8004:1986 AND 2015
Changing contents of BS 8004 for foundations
BS 8004:1986 (186 pp) DPC BS 8004:2015 (101 pp)
Foreword (1 pp)
1. General (7 pp) Foreword (1 pp)
2. Design of foundations (27 pp) 1. Scope (1 pp)
3. Shallow foundations (5 pp) 2. Normative references (4 pp)
4. Deep and subaqueous foundations (13
pp) 3. Terms and definitions (1 pp)
5. Cofferdams and caissons (17 pp) 4. General rules (25 pp)
6. Geotechnical processes: groundwater 5. Spread foundations (11 pp)
lowering, grouting and other methods
of changing the ground characteristics 6. Pile foundations (42 pp)
in situ (38 pp)
7. Pile foundations (32 pp)
8. Tide work, underwater concreting and Annexes (*normative)
diving (6 pp) A. *Underpinning (4 pp)
9. Site preparation for foundation work
(6 pp) B. *Helical pile foundations (4 pp)
10. Durability of timber, metal and C. Specific formations (2 pp)
concrete structures (9 pp) Bibliography (5 pp)
11. Safety precautions (10 pp)
Appendices (10 pp)
BS 8002:1994 AND 2015

Changing contents of BS 8002 for earth retaining structures
BS 8002:1994 (134 pp) DPC BS 8004:2015 (92 pp)
Foreword (2 pp) Foreword (1 pp)

1. Introduction (6 pp) 1. Scope (1 pp)
2. Normative references (4 pp)
2. Data for design (12 pp)
3. Terms and definitions (1 pp)
3. Design philosophy, design method
4. General rules (31 pp)
and earth pressure (24 pp)
5. Gravity retaining walls (16 pp)
4. Design of specific earth retaining
6. Semi-gravity retaining walls (7 pp)
structures (71 pp)
7. Embedded retaining walls (14 pp)
8. Cofferdams, basements, and
Annexes (*normative) strutted excavations (4 pp)
A. *Graphs for Ka and Kp (8 pp)
B. Traditional design methods for Annexes (*normative)
embedded walls (3 pp) A. *Deadman anchors (5 pp)
C. Bibliography (4 pp) B. Specific formations (1 pp)
C. Archeological finds (1 pp)
Bibliography (3 pp)
5
BS 8081:1989 AND 2015
Changing contents of BS 8081 for grouted anchors
BS 8081:1989 (177 pp) DPC BS 8081:2015 (135 pp)
Introduction (1 pp) 1. Scope (1 pp)
1. Scope (1 pp)
3. Terms, definitions and symbols (9 pp)
2. Definitions (6 pp)
4. General recommendations (5 pp)
3. Symbols (2 pp) 5. Limit states (1 pp)
4. Responsibilities (1 pp) 6. Design situations (1 pp)
5. Site investigation (5 pp) 7. Design considerations (3 pp)
6. Design (14 pp) 8. Ultimate limit state design (1 pp)
7. Material and components (10 pp) 9. Serviceability limit state design (1 pp)
8. Corrosion and corrosion protection (20 10. Structural design (1 pp)
pp) 11. Anchor design (4 pp)
9. Stressing equipment (1 pp) 12. Materials (6 pp)
10. Construction (10 pp) 13. Durability (12 pp)
14. Execution (10 pp)
11. Testing (13 pp)
15. Considerations relating to testing (1 pp)
12. Maintenance (1 pp)
16. Maintenance (1 pp)
13. Legal aspects (2 pp) 17. Reporting (1 pp)
Appendices (73 pp) Annexes A-I (informative) (69 pp)
Bibliography (4 pp)
Outline of talk
Andrew Caesar Devon

standards
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8004 Foundations
6
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 Code of practice for grouted anchors
Dr Caesar Merrifield (Coffey)
I will discuss the status of and main changes in BS 8081:2015

and then concentrate on the clauses associated with the design
of the anchor.
Dr Devon Mothersille will then concentrate on durability,

execution and the important area of anchor testing.
DPC BS 8081:2015
7
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 Scope for the revision
BSI requirements as set out in 2014
1. The recommendations included in the revised BS 8081 will not conflict in

any way with either normative or informative clauses in the associated
European standards which supersede BS 8081:1989.
2. it is widely acknowledged amongst UK practitioners, that an extensive

collection of recommendations and guidance, not covered in the
Eurocodes/Euronorms, will be lost when BS8081:1989 is superseded.
3. The revised document will be compatible with the Eurocodes and

effectively fill the gaps in guidance and reference material that currently
exist with the new Eurocodes.
i.e. Complying with the concept of being NCCI
BS 8081:1989 AND 2015

Changing contents of BS 8081 for grouted anchors
BS 8081:1989 (177 pp) DPC BS 8081:2015 (135 pp)

1. Scope (1 pp)
Introduction (1 pp)
1. Scope (1 pp)
3. Terms, definitions and symbols (9 pp)
2. Definitions (6 pp) 4. General recommendations (5 pp)
3. Symbols (2 pp) 5. Limit states (1 pp)
4. Responsibilities (1 pp) 6. Design situations (1 pp)
5. Site investigation (5 pp) 7. Design considerations (3 pp)
6. Design (14 pp) 8. Ultimate limit state design (1 pp)
7. Material and components (10 pp) 9. Serviceability limit state design (1 pp)
8. Corrosion and corrosion protection (20 10. Structural design (1 pp)
pp) 11. Anchor design (4 pp)
9. Stressing equipment (1 pp) 12. Materials (6 pp)
13. Durability (12 pp)
10. Construction (10 pp)
14. Execution (10 pp)
11. Testing (13 pp)
15. Considerations relating to testing (1 pp)
12. Maintenance (1 pp) 16. Maintenance (1 pp)
13. Legal aspects (2 pp) 17. Reporting (1 pp)
Appendices (73 pp) Annexes A-I (informative) (69 pp)
Bibliography (4 pp)
8
DPC BS 8081:2015
Annexes - BS 8081:2015 Code of practice for grouted anchors
DPC BS 8081:2015(135pp) - ANNEXES (* proposed normative)
A. Indicative Record sheets (5pp)
B. Design of anchors (29pp)
C. Water testing and pre-grouting (1pp)
D. Tendon Youngs Modulus values (1pp)
E. Corrosion (5pp)
F. Corrosion protection (2pp)
G. *Testing (22pp)
H. General considerations on monitoring (4pp)
I. Health and safety (1pp)
Bibliography (5pp)
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 - Main changes
BS 8081:2015 is now a Code of Practice and not a Standard i.e.

provision of recommendations, possibilities and information only.
Language in accordance with BSI Rules for the structure and

drafting of UK standards; 2012.
Appropriate EC and EN compliant e.g. with EC7 (in particular

DESIGN), BS EN 1537 and (yet to be published) EN ISO 22477-5 -
(more from Devon Mothersille on this)
Terminology introduced to address new concepts of design and

processes of testing.
BS8081:2015 addresses only the design, execution and testing of

anchors and not general design application of anchors. (i.e. BS
8081:1989 Appendix D; Overall stability has not been included).
9
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 Focus of this section
Design of the anchor (Clause 11 and Annex B)

Compatibility with limit state design principles
Definition of EULS;d and Fserv;k
Relationship between Fserv;k (EC7) and TW (BS8081:1989)
Implementation of the efficiency factor feff.
Process of anchor sizing (design of fixed anchor length)
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 - New Terminology Grout/ground interface
EC7 requires the design of the anchor to consider all limit states.
New terminology;-
EULS;d = Ultimate limit state force to be resisted by the anchor (kN)
Fserv;k = Characteristic value of the maximum anchor force, including effect
of lock off load, and sufficient to prevent a serviceability limit state
in the supported structure (kN)
TW (BS 8081:1989)
RGG;k = Characteristic ultimate ground/grout interface resistance (kN)
Tf (BS8081:1989)
GG = partial resistance factor for ultimate ground/grout interface
resistance (= 3.0 - Table 2)
GG = ground/grout interface correlation factor ( = 1.1 Cl 11.3.2.5)
10
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 Relationship TW and Fserv;k
BS 8081:1989 BS 8002:2015
TW found from overall stability FD = Fserv;k = SD x F x PSLS
analysis (L.E.M.) with FoS up to 1.5 x PSLS
1.5 From L.E.M. analysis
i.e TW = 1.5 x T(unfactored SLS condition) Where;-
T = the derived axial force that the PSLS = design axial force
anchor provides to maintain that the anchor provides to
equilibrium (unfactored) prevent a SLS (i.e.
unfactored)(= T)
BS 8081:2015
Since compliant with BS 8002:2015 through
consideration of stability of supported structure
at serviceability limit state;-
TW Fserv;k
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 Derivation of RGG;k
BS 8081:2015
GG;m
GG;k = GG;calc x feff ;
Where;-
RGG;calc = calculated ultimate ground/grout interface
resistance
RGG;m = measured ultimate ground/grout interface

resistance
11
BS 8081:2015 Resistance efficiency factor applied to RGG;calc
Anchor resistance
efficiency factor
implemented for
both sands and
clayey ground
For Clayey soils

feff = 1.6 x Lfixed-0.57
For sandy soils

feff = 0.91Ltan
Derived from:- BARLEY, A.D. Theory
and practice of the single bore multiple
anchor system.
Proc. International Symposium on
RGG;k = RGG;calc x feff Anchors in Theory and Practice,
Salzburg, Austria.
1995 pp293-301
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 Design of anchor fixed length - grout/ground
BS 8081:2015 BS 8081:1989
GG;m
GG;k = GG;calc x feff ; GG = f;calc; f;measured
f
GG;k W 3.0
Serv;k GG
And;-
ULS;d GG;k This was not expressly

examined in BS 8081:1989
12
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS 8081:2015 Concluding remarks
Objectives achieved in revision

Reduction in size of document
NCCI with respect to appropriate ENs and ECs
Maintain current practice of sizing fixed anchor

lengths by single stress reduction factor (FoS?)
Retained and updated valuable information from

BS8081:1989 in Annexes as much as possible
Incorporated Testing Annex to provide guidance

pending the publication of EN ISO 22477-5
Outline of talk
Andrew Caesar Devon

standards
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8004 Foundations
13
DPC BS 8081:2015
This part of the presentation will cover:
Brief introduction
Sections within DPC BS8081:2015;

Materials
Durability
Execution
Considerations relating to testing
Maintenance
Reporting
Annexes A-I (informative)
Closing remarks
The technical authors essential objectives in revising

BS8081:1989:
To create a document that is compatible

with EC7
Avoid alienating the UK ground anchor

industry
14
DPC BS 8081:2015
Brief introduction
Materials
Durability
Execution
Maintenance
Reporting
Closing remarks
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS8081:1989
Section 7: Materials and components
Section 8: Corrosion and corrosion protection
DPC BS8081:2015 retains essential recommendations with 25% reduction in word

count (cross-reference made to BS EN 1537:2013 throughout)
Section 12: Materials

grouts
tendons
encapsulations
anchor head
Section 13: Durability
information and figures relating to Double Corrosion Protection retained
information on nature of corrosion moved to Annex E (Corrosion) and
Annex F (Corrosion protection)
15
DPC BS 8081:2015
Brief introduction

Materials
Durability
Execution
Maintenance
Reporting
Closing remarks
DPC BS 8081:2015
BS8081:1989
Section 10: Construction
DPC BS8081:2015 retains the essential recommendations with 25% reduction in

word count (cross-reference made to BS EN 1537:2013 throughout)
Section 14: Execution

drilling
storage and handling of tendons
installation
grouting
stressing equipment (e.g. hydraulic jacks, load cells and gauges)
16
DPC BS 8081:2015
Brief introduction

Materials
Durability
Execution

Maintenance
Reporting
Closing remarks
DPC BS 8081:2015
Extract from clause 3.2 DPC BS8081:2015
NOTE Regarding the relationship between the Working load of anchorage Tw (BS 8081:1989, Clause 3) and the characteristic value of the maximum
anchor force , FServ;k, the design and testing of grouted anchors in the UK was traditionally based on a specified working load termed Tw. BS 8081:1989
Clause 2.21.7 defines the working load as the safe load (Tw) of the anchor , the magnitude of which is routinely derived from limit equilibrium stability
analysis of the anchored structure. In order to allow for load losses (a large component of which was historically due to relaxation of prestressing steel), it
has been routine practice that anchors have been locked off at 110%Tw. This took account of the fact that relaxation in prestressing steels could account
for up to approximately 9% prestress loss. In situations where the lock -off load is set at 110%Tw, and no greater load is reasonably expected during the
service life of the anchor, then Tw can be taken as equivalent to FServ;k /1.1, since, by definition, FServ;k includes the effect of the lock -off load. However, as it
is currently acknowledged that modern prestressing steels account for prestress losses of less than 1.5%, a lock off load of about 102%Tw might be more
appropriate. In the context of this code of practice, it is therefore adopted that Tw approximates to the maximum characteristic anchor force FServ;k.
In the context of this code of practice, it is

therefore adopted that Tw approximates to
the maximum characteristic anchor force
Fserv;k
17
DPC BS 8081:2015
Annex G: Testing
Salient points
Procedures for stressing and testing moved to Annex G
Basic structure similar to that of BS8081:1989
The basis of the revision centres on the relationship; Tw= Fserv;k
Proof load defined in BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013
No distinction made between temporary and permanent anchors from a
resistance standpoint
Proving tests are now called investigation tests in accordance with EC7
All acceptance criteria for investigation, suitability and acceptance tests are
referenced to UK NA to EC7 (NA+A1:2014)
Observation times have been reduced;
Investigation tests; load-time data 10 days reduced to 3 days
Suitability tests; load-time data at Fserv;k 10 days reduced to 1 day and in
the event of non-conformance, 30 days observation reduced to 3 days
Apparent tendon free length criterion lower bound limit relaxed from 90% to
80%
DPC BS 8081:2015
Brief introduction

Materials
Durability
Execution
Maintenance
Reporting
Closing remarks
18
DPC BS 8081:2015
DPC BS8081:2015, Section 16 Maintenance

Subject to minor revision to incorporate reference to published literature covering
the grading of anchors heads subject to corrosive degradation
DPC BS8081:2015, Section 17 Reporting

Subject to minor revision to incorporate the concept of the Geotechnical Feedback
Report (GFR) or close-out report as per DPC BS8002:2015 and DPC BS8004:2015.
This report should include;
a record of anchor construction and any changes to the design
results of monitoring and testing conducted during construction
DPC BS 8081:2015
Brief introduction

Materials
Durability
Execution
Maintenance
Reporting

Closing remarks
19
DPC BS 8081:2015
DPC BS8081:2015 Annexes
Annex A Indicative record sheets

Annex B Design of anchors
Annex C Water testing and pre-grouting
NOTE additional section on post-grouting of anchors to be added to Annex C
Annex D Tendon Youngs modulus values

Annex E Corrosion (reduced in size by 15% from original text)
Annex F Corrosion protection (reduced in size by 41% from original text)
Annex G Testing
Annex H General considerations on monitoring
Annex I Health and safety
DPC BS 8081:2015
Brief introduction

Materials
Durability
Execution
Maintenance
Reporting
Closing remarks
20
DPC BS 8081:2015
Closing remarks
The drafting of DPC BS8081:2015 was carried out within strict guidelines and
time constraints stipulated by BSI
The overall objective was to retain the information, within the original document,
considered essential to the future of ground anchor practice
It was explicitly specified that the revised document should contain non-
contradictory complimentary information
The revised document is compatible with EC7 and associated Euronorms
In the absence of EN ISO 22477-5, Annex G will provide the necessary guidance
on testing of anchors
The acceptance criteria for the testing of anchors are referenced in the UK NA to
EC7
The structure and layout is comparable with BS8004 and BS8002 and facilitates
the structure to be adopted in the revision of EC7 in 2020
The document is still evolving, an internal review by the technical authors has
generated 99 comments/amendments
Outline of talk
Andrew Caesar Devon

standards
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8004 Foundations
21
CONTENTS OF BS 8004 AND BS 8002
BS 8004:2015 and BS 8002:2015, Codes of practice for
Foundations (101pp) Earth retaining structures (92pp)
Foreword (1pp)
1. Scope (1pp)
2. Normative references (4pp)
3. Terms and definitions (1pp)
4. General rules (25/31pp)
5. Spread foundations (11pp) 5. Gravity retaining walls (16pp)
6. Pile foundations (42pp) 6. Semi-gravity retaining walls (7pp)
7. Embedded retaining walls (14pp)
8. Cofferdams, basements, and strutted
excavations (4 pp)
Annexes (*normative)
A* Underpinning (4pp) A* Deadman anchors (5pp)
B* Helical pile foundations (4pp) B. Specific formations (1pp)
C. Specific formations (2pp) C. Archaeological finds (1pp)
Bibliography (5/3pp)
General rules key topics for BS 8004

Ground investigation
Minimum number and depth of exploration points for low-rise buildings
Ground parameters
Suggested values for weight density of coarse and fine soils and fill
Updated guidance on selecting cv for coarse and fine soils
Standardizing terminology for stiffness values (secant, tangent, small-strain,
large strain)
Default expressions for Gsec and G0 (in the absence of reliable test values)
Partial factors
Proposes ,cv = 1.0 (to overcome ambiguity in Eurocode 7)
Reporting
Confirms Eurocode 7s requirements for GIR and GDR
Recommends production of Geotechnical Feedback Report (aka close-out
report)
22
General rules key topics for BS 8002
General rules nearly identical to BS 8004
Spacing of investigation points 20 m along wall unless ground conditions are
sufficiently uniform to justify a greater spacing
For embedded walls, depth of investigation 2H for unsupported or H for
supported structure
Actions
Simplified loading model for traffic next to bridges
Earth pressure model from compaction theory
Design of embedded walls
Clarifies application of partial factors from Design Approach 1, Combination 1
(i.e. apply 1.11 to variable actions and 1.35 to effects of actions)
Re-introduces model factor on prop/anchor loads, depending on method of
analysis
Clearly maps design effects of actions from retaining wall design to design
actions used for subsequent anchor design (FULS,d, FServ,d, FServ,k)
DPC BS 8004:2015 4.2.1.1

Ground investigations should conform to BS EN 1997-2 and BS 5930
Number of investigation points (n)

High-rise buildings/industrial structures, conform to B.3 of Eurocode 7 Part 2
Low-rise buildings, should satisfy (A = plan area of foundation):
3 for A 300m 2
n
A 100m2 for A 300m 2
low-rise building/housing [is] a building of not more than three storeys above ground
intended for domestic occupation and of traditional masonry construction (for
example: detached, semi-detached, and terraced housing or flats). Also includes
certain single-storey, non-residential buildings
BS 8103-1:2011
Depth of investigation (za)

High-rise buildings/industrial structures, conform to B.3 of Eurocode 7 Part 2, i.e.:
za greater of 3bF or 6m
Low-rise buildings, should satisfy (bF = smaller side length of foundation on plan):
za greater of 2bF or 3m
23
DPC BS 8004:2015 FIGURE 2
Suggested values for weight density of coarse and fine soils
Values of ang, PSD, and dil to obtain 'pk,k and 'cv,k

DPC BS 8004:2015 TABLE 1
24
Origin of the 30 + A + B + C formulation for cv,k
BOLTON (2014, PERS. COMM.)

The 30 + A + B + C formulation was never properly documented; no reference was
available. I think it may originally have been proposed by Sowers and Sowers, but I
cannot verify that. I believe it was drafted by an early CP2 revision committee
member who later died! The committee adopted it in the final 1994 revision which
was BS 8002 even though my 1986 paper was then in existence of course.
Actually, the 30 + A + B formulation for critical state friction angle is quite useful; it
is just a pity there is no clear science behind it!
Bolton (2014, pers. comm.)
I attach a paper by Santamarina, who is

very reliable. His Fig 2 shows a black line
from Terzaghi et al 1996 which is the best
expectation for pure clays without
inclusions, together with data of large of
cv at large IP for some clays with a
profusion of faecal pellets, foraminifera, or
other micro-lumpy inclusions.
Bolton (2014, pers. comm.)
DPC BS 8004:2015 FIGURE 3

Terminology for stiffness parameters
25
BS 8004:2015 4.12.3
Geotechnical Feedback Report
The Geotechnical Feedback Report is also known as a close-out report
On completion of the works, a Geotechnical Feedback Report (GFR) should be

prepared that covers the following broad classes of information:
a record of construction and any changes to its design; and
results of monitoring and testing conducted during construction.
The Geotechnical Feedback Report should be tailored to suit the size and
complexity of the works.
The record of construction should include, as appropriate: (list of items follows)

The results of monitoring and testing should include: (list of items follows)
Shallow foundations key topics

Calculation models for shallow foundations
Bearing capacity formulation
Effective stress method based on Poulos, Carter, and Small (includes
depth, ground inclination, and soil rigidity factors)
Total stress method based on Salgado et al.
Presumed bearing resistance values removed
26
N values compared
Pile foundations key topics

Calculation models for pile foundations
Based on ground parameters
Coarse soils effective stress model (Nq based on Fleming et al., depends
on pile type, density index, and stress level)
Fine soils total stress model ( linked to pile type, shear strength, and
stress level)
Based on field tests
Cone penetration tests factors for base and shaft (cb and cs)
Standard penetration tests factors for base and shaft (nb and ns)
(where the factors depend on soil and pile type)
Guidance on downdrag
Treatment of downdrag as an additional force, not as negative resistance
Presence of downdrag in ULS and SLS verifications
Structural design of cast-in-place concrete piles without permanent casing
27
BS 8004:2015 FIGURE 5
Suggested values for Nq (based on Fleming et al. 2008)
BS 8004:2015 TABLE 12
Values of empirical coefficients cs and cb
28
BS 8004:2015 FIGURE 6
Downdrag (aka negative skin friction)
Retaining walls key topics

Simplified load model for vehicle traffic next to bridges
Replace patch loads with blanket surcharge
Guidance on compaction earth pressures
Based on Ingold model
Model factor on prop/strut/anchor loads
Depends on calculation model for retaining wall design
Explicitly stated where the factor goes important to avoid confusion in acnhor
design
29
Imposed loads on vehicle traffic areas next to bridges
Earth pressure from compaction theory
30
Model factor for load-effects in props, struts, and anchors
Outline of talk
Andrew Caesar Devon

standards
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8004 Foundations
31
Summary of key points
The revised British Standards 8004, 8002, and 8081 are intended to:
Complement (and not contradict) the current version of Eurocode 7 and its
National Annexes
Provide clarification of Eurocode 7s requirements, where required
Be future-proof against significant changes to Eurocode 7 expected in 2020 or
thereabouts
Update 20-30 year old technical information contained in the withdrawn or
obsolete codes
Work together as a coherent set of modern standards
TIMETABLE
What happens next?
24th March 2015
Review ends comments are collated by BSI and sent to authors
14th April 2015
Steering Group meets to discuss comments on BS 8081
28th-29th April 2015
Steering Groups meet to discuss comments on BSs 8004 and 8002
End May 2015
All comments resolved proceed to publication
End June 2015
Obtain approval of revised standards (B/526)
Publication of 2015 versions of BSs 8004, 8002, and 8081
Thanks to:
Brian Simpson (Chair of B/516)
Tony Suckling (Chair of Steering Group for BS 8004)
Paul Thurlwell (Chair of Steering Group for BS 8002)
Mick Gavins (Chair of Steering Group for BS 8081)
32
HTTP://DRAFTS.BSIGROUP.COM
DPC period is about to close
Please visit BSIs draft standards website to access the DPCs:

http://drafts.bsigroup.com
The deadline for comments on these drafts is:

Tuesday 24th March 2015
Any questions?
Andrew Caesar Devon

standards
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8081 Grouted
15 mins
anchors
BS 8004 Foundations
33
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Revision of Bs 8002, 8004, AND 8081

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Revision of Bs 8002, 8004, AND 8081

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REVISION OF BS S 8002, 8004, AND 8081

Dr Andrew Bond (Geocentrix)

43a Burnham Green Road,

Tel: +44 (0)800 093 1453

REVISION OF BS 8002, 8004, AND 8081

Andrew Caesar Devon

5 mins Summary of key points

Additional (related) work sponsored by HS2 includes:

Other relevant (related) work includes:

MODIFIED AFTER BOND AND HARRIS (2008)

should expresses recommendations of these standard

Eurocode 7 timeline 2010-2020

Part 1 General rules Part 2 Ground investigation

NEW EUROCODE 7 PART 3

Part 3 Geotechnical constructions Part 3s common sub-sections

BS 8002:1994 AND 2015

Foreword (2 pp) Foreword (1 pp)

REVISION OF BS 8002, 8004, AND 8081

Andrew Caesar Devon

5 mins Summary of key points

Dr Caesar Merrifield (Coffey)

I will discuss the status of and main changes in BS 8081:2015

Dr Devon Mothersille will then concentrate on durability,

1. The recommendations included in the revised BS 8081 will not conflict in

2. it is widely acknowledged amongst UK practitioners, that an extensive

3. The revised document will be compatible with the Eurocodes and

i.e. Complying with the concept of being NCCI

BS 8081:1989 AND 2015

Foreword (1 pp) Foreword (1 pp)

BS 8081:2015 is now a Code of Practice and not a Standard i.e.

Language in accordance with BSI Rules for the structure and

Appropriate EC and EN compliant e.g. with EC7 (in particular

Terminology introduced to address new concepts of design and

BS8081:2015 addresses only the design, execution and testing of

Design of the anchor (Clause 11 and Annex B)

Definition of EULS;d and Fserv;k

Relationship between Fserv;k (EC7) and TW (BS8081:1989)

Implementation of the efficiency factor feff.

Process of anchor sizing (design of fixed anchor length)

RGG;m = measured ultimate ground/grout interface

For Clayey soils

For sandy soils

ULS;d GG;k This was not expressly

Objectives achieved in revision

NCCI with respect to appropriate ENs and ECs

Maintain current practice of sizing fixed anchor

Retained and updated valuable information from

Incorporated Testing Annex to provide guidance

REVISION OF BS 8002, 8004, AND 8081

Andrew Caesar Devon

5 mins Summary of key points

Sections within DPC BS8081:2015;

The technical authors essential objectives in revising

To create a document that is compatible

Avoid alienating the UK ground anchor

Sections within DPC BS8081:2015;

DPC BS8081:2015 retains essential recommendations with 25% reduction in word

Section 12: Materials

Sections within DPC BS8081:2015;

DPC BS8081:2015 retains the essential recommendations with 25% reduction in

Section 14: Execution

Sections within DPC BS8081:2015;

Considerations relating to testing