Video Recommendation System Based on Personalized
Ontology and Social Network
Rung-Ching Chen
Chaoyang University of Technology
Taichung, Taiwan
crching@cyut.edut.tw
Yu-Siang Lin
Chaoyang University of Technology
Taichung, Taiwan
air8426@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Users often use browser, media or mobile device to watch video.
In these platforms, most of recommendation through hit icon to
calculate grade. In this study, we design on ontology which
combined with social networks or video recommendation. Users
and their friends data will be added to the ontology. According to
user and friends preferences, the system calculates the similarity
of interests. The system uses a rule generating algorithm to create
dynamic inference rules. Video are recommended to users by a
JENA Inference Engine. Over time, the content of personal
ontology will be updated. The ontology content at mobile device
will be kept in the newest update states of owl to let recommender
increase the accurate results.
CCS Concepts
Information systems~Personalization
Keywords
Personalized; mobile device; ontology; social network; video
recommendation.
1. INTRODUCTION
Mobile devices and mobile networks are popular currently.
Mobile services are regarded to the social network applications
such as Line, Whatsapp, Facebook. The social networks' services
can bring a lot of benefits for business. The mobile services are
care to response speed. In order to speed up the search time, we
will combine personalized recommendation method with mobile
services to provide a more effective application to save time for
searching information.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2818869.2818921
Hua-Yuan Shih
Chaoyang University of Technology
Taichung, Taiwan
iversonshih@gmail.com
Hendry
Chaoyang University of Technology
Taichung, Taiwan
hendry.honk@gmail.com
Besides, users also affect behavior and thinking each other.
Therefore, by way of user's visiting website and her/his watching
record of videos can be references for personal recommendation
including the neglect knowledge for users.
Currently, the movies recommendation is by way of users scores
or clicks on website and according to videos category. When the
platform is changed to mobiles environment, the recommendation
system do the same works. The personal recommendation can
follow users experiences on YouTube to do recommendation. If
users never watch videos, it cant process personal
recommendation. Actually, users hobbies formation is not only
from nature but also greater parts are from interaction and users
friends of familiarity [1].
In recent years, recommendation system is gradually escaping the
traditional single recommendation. Many studies begin to
investigate the recommendation system which combines semantic
web reasoning mechanism. The related technologies such as
ontology are used to achieve intelligent recommendation. Through
combine mobile devices, so digital content can be transmitted
more easily for the users. In the ontology inference developing
process, some recent studies have focused on the establishment of
personal ontology. By the way of the user's properties and users
use the past records, the belonging to the user's ontology can be
produced. The ontology can be adjusted at any time by using the
record contents to provide a better service for users.
In this paper, we propose a novel method which combined social
network, real-time communication software and ontology to use
the data source of personalized recommendation. The data sources
are come from users using record and personalized
recommendation can reference user's friend data on social
network and real-time communication software to update
personalized ontology. Finally, the functions of inference engine
infer user's inferences to the personal results. The system uses the
user's friends' social network to solve cold start problems.so, the
method can be used to infer the users never notice but may
actually be interested in film seven users are log in at the first time.
2. RELATED WORK
2.1 Ontology
Studer et. al. described "an ontology is a formal, explicit
specification and supports the concept of sharing" [2]. Neches et
al. wrote "ontology defines the vocabulary and terminology, as
well as in the field, as well as combinations of these rules" [2].
Through the ontology had all the qualities described above,
Ontology is not only for the individual information but also shares 3. RESEARCH METHODS AND SYSTEM
information processing specification. The ontology advantages are
available to express, describing the entity (or object) and the DEVELOP
associations between each other [3]. The system develop user interface on a mobile APP. When users
use the system, they need to log in a social network such as
Ontology can be edited manually, for example usingProtg [4], Facebook, Google +, Twitter, to let system get users friends list
OntoEdit [5], but the process is tedious. So some researchers on the social network. Then, system can get the user's friends
integrate knowledge acquisition and machine learning technology usage statistics and the movie information from Web servers.
to allow the ontology to be generated automatically[6] which Next, pending the receipt of the relevant information converts the
included the technologies of natural language (NLP) [7], data to OWL ontology file and send it to Jena inference engine.
association rule mining [8], hierarchical clustering [9].They use Finally, the results will be presented to the user. The system
the relationship between the rows of the database and the type of workflow is shown in Figure 1.
conceptual analysis [10-14].
The system obtains user friends information and OWL ontology
2.2 Inference Engine files from the web server. According with the similarity of the
Rule ML is an XML-based inference language which defined contents of OWL, the system recommends movies to the user.
rules and knowledge but cannot be reused [15].Rule ML rules
must continue to accumulate and the rule cannot be used
repeatedly. It adds a new rule for every new thing. The knowledge
must be defined on the prevailing rules and the applications
cannot be used on the similar knowledge and rules repeatedly.
JESS is made by Firedman-Hill inference engine. JESS is adopted
Reta algorithm to strengthen efficiency of the inference [16].
However the inferential knowledge needs to match JESS format
for inferences [3], which means that the knowledge and the
mutual are binding engine. Jena [17] is based on inference engine
and developed by Java language. Its inference has good
permeability and the software is free. Jena resources are rich and
its interface is free. Jena provides AndroidJenas API to let mobile
system development becomes possible and do inference apparatus
of ontology. In this paper, we will use Jena as an inference engine.

2.3 Personal Recommendation System

Currently, many papers focus on the personalized
recommendation system. Fong, et al. [3] and Sicheng et. al. [4]
proposed methods to calculate the emotional intensity within a
certain time period. In this way, they need to do to be
photographic equipment measuring tools. Through emotions we
can recommended the results for classification as well as the user's
experience of the movie, and you can get a good result. However,
the user must set up the camera while watching the movie and that
need to watch for a long time. At the same time, a lot of image
analysis and calculation is not applicable for mobile devices.
Besides, the music and videos of YouTube are at the same manner
to do recommendation. The main point of difference between
YouTube and our method is the users can only follow their own
preferences to find relevant videos but our method can combine
social networks information to recommend the music and movies.
In this study, Ontology Language (OWL) is used to establish
ontology. There are user ontology and movies ontology which can
be used to record the individual information of ontology and the
film category for the user's emotional intensity parameter. In
addition, combined with the social circles, the system uses the
ontologies between user and friends. The mobile device receive
the statistical results of personal information from Web server, the
system dynamic generate inference rules and modify users'
personal OWL ontology files. Finally, the system combines the
individual ontology of content and use Jena inference engine to
process and present the results of recommendation movie to the
user.
Figure 1. The workflow of the system.
The building processing is based on Figure 1 to develop a mobile
recommendation system. The steps are described as follows.
Step1: Build a Web site and APP. When user login a community
network, the system can obtain the user's information and the
association of user's friend information quickly.
Step2: Store the "video information", "user and user's friend
watching video record", "the friendship user" in the web server's
database.
Step3: Define and plan OWL to construct ontology. Due to the
OWL ontology is more complex, therefore we choose graphical
interface of Protg tool to build ontology, it was easier and fast.
The figure of the establish screen is shown in Figure 2.
Step4: Load ontology data to the mobile device. Then the system
can do inference. The candidate movies are calculated by a
decision-making algorithm. It generated dynamic rules from
inference rules.
The system will modify Kwona[17] method which is based on the
normalization of the user's preferences and then to calculate the
similarity between users. The detail processing of establishment is
based on a threshold which described as follows.
 the system can use the information as condition parts to generate
rules for the system inference.
In general, ontology and the inference rules are static which are
not changed. The static inference rules will generate a fixed result.
In this study, the system will find ways to generate dynamic rules
by way of data mining. However, the rules of pre-decision parts
and condition parts are elusive. Even, the rules are found may be
not suitable for users. This requires a complex mechanism to get a
long-term feedback from users.
This study used a common rule as a rule template, such as If part
and Then part. When the user has made the list of candidates, the
multiple preferences and the similar values are the condition part
of a rule. Due to the condition part may have a number of unique
combinations of variables, the following guidelines need to design
an algorithm to determine the conditions part of the rules how to
choose Figure 4 shows the Dynamic Rule Generation Algorithm.

Figure 2. The ontology structure. Table 1. User preferences and normalization.

Step 1: The system collect user preferences Accept Rate (AR). Class Comedy Adven Action Roman Drama Horror Science
That are commended example of films is shown in Table 1. First, ture ce Fiction

when the user has received a service, the service type of user User1 8 11 23 0 3 0 18
acceptance rate in the cumulative way was record 1. Then, the User2 5 8 4 5 3 15 0
user's preference acceptance rate normalized. Next, set up a
threshold value . When the acceptance rate is greater than the User3 8 4 14 4 6 28 4
threshold , the value of NP result is 1 otherwise it is set up to 0. 1 User4 4 4 22 5 16 3 1
is a clearer user preference but 0 is vice versa. In this paper, we User5 8 16 3 0 4 21 9
set the threshold is 0.5.
User6 11 9 0 5 28 1 4
Step 2: When we normalize all users AR. And Then we use
equation (2) to compare all user' similarity rate. M is the number User7 9 1 5 21 7 9 25
of class and m is the index of class. Through the equation (2), we User8 0 3 5 1 1 1 0
use XOR to calculate similarity rate of users. Then user's User9 27 4 8 3 7 3 11
preferences are close, user's SR are smaller.
User10 4 2 4 0 1 0 10
User11 0 8 3 5 3 6 7
0, (AR) <
= { (1) User12 1 2 7 5 3 8 20
1, (AR)
User13 19 5 8 0 0 0 22
User14 2 5 19 3 6 7 0
, =
=1 ( , ) (2)
User15 5 2 4 1 0 27 2
User16 1 2 1 17 5 18 0
_ = {,1 , ,2 , , , } (3) User17 0 21 13 4 5 12 11
User18 1 0 12 5 0 12 1
Step 3: Sort the value of SR. After calculating the similarity by User19 6 2 11 17 7 12 0
equation (3), the system has user performs sorting to select similar User20 1 26 0 27 1 11 10
interesting users. In formula (3), p is an integer value to stand for
the number of users. The SR_Ranki is the set of order of
candidates recommended in order by the value of ,1. 4. RESULTS
In this experiment, the system has collected 100 films from Yahoo
Algorithm 1 Candidate_Decision is used to calculate SR values movie. Twenty users are used to evaluate the system. Figure 2
between the user and community members based on the similarity shows the structure of the ontology. The system builds a user and
candidate decision and normalization method. When the degree of the user's friends in the Person category. The movies are built in
similarity is 0, then the candidate is included in the first list of Public_Movie category. Public_Moive is the different sub-
recommendation candidate similarity. The similarity value categories of Genre. The left side of Figure 2 shows the movie
calculation is shown in Figure 3. categories. The right of Figure 2 displays the name of Action film
Step 4: Find the multi preferences of user. The preferences entity. The entity is Movie Title. The year, recommended degree
include long-term, short-term preferences and the other and other information is recorded in the entity's property of movie.
preferences. The long-term preference is an user watching movies After calculating by formula 1, the user's preference and
after a period of time but the short-term preferences is the normalization of acceptance rate is gotten. The threshold value
watching movies currently. The others preferences mean user's 0.5. AR can be used for a user to prolonged track behavior and to
friends loving. When the system has multi-preferences of users, calculate long-term preferences.
 The similarity calculation is based on user 1 to find the relative
users. Users 4 can get the NP from the table, and the number of
categories for the movie is m; =1 is user 1; j is the index of user's
friend for the similarity comparison. The similarity of user 1
compare to his friends is calculated by Equation 2. The similarity
of user 1 and each friend's preferences are shown in Table 2.
The similarity is calculation by using the formula of the sort
algorithm 3. SR = 0 for the first nominate candidates, SR = 1 for
the second candidate, SR greater than 1 for the third candidate. In
this manner backward sort, the top three candidates just to see the
similarity of the human
In the Experiments use of the contents of the top three candidates
recommended OWL ontology movie to the user as a
recommended reference index. The differences in the degree of
similarity recommendation, explore the potential user preferences.
For all users, no similarity rate is 0, so the first candidates are
users 1 of similarity rate, and then second is 2. Any level
candidates can have many people
Table 2. The calculation of the similarity.
User1 compare with all users
User 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
SR 4 1 2 4 3 3 2 3 2 4
User 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
SR 1 2 1 3 4 2 2 3 4

Protg OWL ontology file generated into action means follow

Figure 3. The candidate Algorithm. Figure 5. AndroiddJenas rules produce the results of user
recommendation. So long-term use in user, you can continue to
add and modify information in the OWL. For example: User's
friend has new similarity data or recommendation candidates.

Figure 5. Using ontology for android APP.

Due to watch movie will be different because of time or different
user scenarios and friends loved, so this research program a preset
Figure 4. The dynamic ruler generation algorithm.
rule schema. And use dynamic rules algorithm 2 to recommend
results.
On the results dynamically as users recommend results by
similarity (SR) calculated for mobile devices, and the use of
dynamic rules generated, showing recommended to the user in the
mobile device.
5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS
This study combined with community networks, the user, friends
and film and other related information in OWL ontology. Then,
find the user and the user's friends on the acceptance rate of the
film after normalizing. User similarity is calculated to identify the
recommended movies. Finally, the algorithm generates a dynamic
inference rules and the Jena inference engine to reason the user
promoted videos. So, we can find relative movies and increase the
interaction and communication between friends.
In the future work, we will collect more data to strengthen the
accuracy of the system to modify the inference rules. We also
hope to combine with intelligent hand ring, collecting heartbeat
pulse data, to analyze user emotions when watching movies, as a
movie recommended weights. On the other hand, in order to allow
the user to reduce the search time of the film, we will consider
joining rough set method to solve the data sparseness problem.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This paper is supported by Ministry of Science, Taiwan, with
project number: MOST-103-2221-E-324-028 and MOST-104-
2221-E-324 -019 -MY2
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